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Shimu RN, Majumder S, Tarannum F, Chowdhury DP, Nahar A, Afrin A, Akter M, Nahar S, Jahan S, Hossain MA. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Amlodipine and Losartan Potassium in Essential Hypertension in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2024; 33:365-372. [PMID: 38557512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common disorder of major clinical, public health and economic importance. It affects men and women of all ages, and the prevalence is increasing in most countries. Maintenance of blood pressure below 140/90 mm of Hg is recommended by most of the guideline available around the world. Various classes of drugs are being used in the treatment of hypertension. Losartan potassium and amlodipine are two different antihypertensive agents belonging to two different groups used commonly around the world in treating essential hypertension. Losartan potassium is non-peptide Angiotensin-II receptor antagonist. Amlodipine which is the third generation dihydropyridine group of calcium channel blocker. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of amlodipine and losartan for the treatment of essential hypertensive patients (18-75 years). A non-randomized comparative observational study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Department of Medicine, Sylhet, MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh from July 2021 to June 2022. In this study non-randomization was in two groups. Group A received amlodipine 5mg daily at morning and Group B received losartan potassium 50mg daily at night. The study parameters were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), ankle oedema, serum K+ level. The result of treatment outcome was compared between two groups. After treatment the reduction of SBP was 5.19±2.93mm of Hg versus 3.27±1.34mm of Hg (p<0.001); reduction of DBP was 1.7±0.70 mm of Hg versus 0.68 mm of Hg (p<0.001) and serum K+ level 4.22±0.27mmol/L versus 4.21±0.16mmol/L (p<0.719) in amlodipine and losartan group respectively. Amlodipine is more effective than losartan potassium in respect to treatment of essential hypertension. Regarding adverse events losartan potassium causes angioedema, hyperkalemia, headache, dizziness etc. The study concluded that amlodipine is superior to losartan potassium in treating essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Shimu
- Dr Rehana Naznin Shimu, Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Akter M, Shamim KM, Amin NF. Medical Undergraduates' Assessment Status Regarding Clinical Neuroanatomy. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:1073-1083. [PMID: 37777904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The study of Anatomy is essential to the learning of different subjects of medicine. Neuroanatomy is a fundamental part of the Anatomy portion of the undergraduate medical (MBBS) curriculum of different universities of Bangladesh. The clinical relevance of Neuroanatomy is beyond doubt in the context of increasing numbers of cases like stroke, head injury and meningitis in Bangladesh. Contemporary Neuroanatomy books are inclined to a clinically-oriented approach in their presentation. However, there is no organized attempt to analyze these recent trends of highlighting the significance of clinically-oriented approach reflected in the learning pattern or student-assessment in the medical undergraduate courses of Bangladesh. Such analyses can offer an insight into the situation and facilitate teachers and curriculum planners to make necessary modifications. The present study was planned- i) to analyze the Neuroanatomy portion of the recent undergraduate Anatomy written question papers of four public universities of Bangladesh for understanding how clinically relevant knowledge has been assessed in the questions ii) to determine the ability of the medical undergraduates to answer clinically-oriented written questions as compared to their ability to answer non-clinically-oriented questions in Neuroanatomy. It was a comparative study with some descriptive components. For Part-A of the study, all the 'Question-segment's of question (SAQ and MCQ) dealing with Neuroanatomy in all the available First Professional MBBS Exams' Anatomy written question papers of four public universities of Bangladesh of the last five years (2005 to 2009) were identified. The frequency of 'Question-segment's those assessing the ability of the clinically relevant knowledge were determined. It was a descriptive study. For Part-B of the study, total 136 New 3rd year medical undergraduates of one Bangladeshi governmental medical college and one private medical college were taken as participants. The medical undergraduates of each medical college were divided into two equal groups by randomization. One group was given 100 clinically-oriented questions and the other was given 100 non-clinically-oriented questions based on the content of Snell. The scores (frequencies of correct responses) of the two groups were compared using an unpaired 't' test. The frequencies of 'Question-segment's assessing clinically relevant knowledge was 6.14%. The performance of the undergraduates answering clinically-oriented questions was significantly poorer (p=0.01) than answering non-clinically-oriented questions (the mean score being 38.49±10.50 and 45.04±8.48 respectively). Teaching and assessment of Neuroanatomy should be designed in a way to orient medical undergraduates towards more clinically-oriented understanding and performance in Neuroanatomy. The clinically relevant knowledge dealing with Neuroanatomy needs to be addressed with appropriate weighting in the First Professional MBBS written questions of Bangladesh. Necessary changes in the curriculum are also suggested in meeting the above expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akter
- Lieutenant Colonel (Dr) Manowara Akter, Deputy Commandant, CMH Ghatail, (Permanently attached Army Medical Corps Centre & School), Ghatail Cantonment, Ghatail, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Akter M, Keya JJ, Kayano K, Kabir AMR, Inoue D, Hess H, Sada K, Kuzuya A, Asanuma H, Kakugo A. Cooperative cargo transportation by a swarm of molecular machines. Sci Robot 2022; 7:eabm0677. [PMID: 35442703 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abm0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cooperation is a strategy that has been adopted by groups of organisms to execute complex tasks more efficiently than single entities. Cooperation increases the robustness and flexibility of the working groups and permits sharing of the workload among individuals. However, the utilization of this strategy in artificial systems at the molecular level, which could enable substantial advances in microrobotics and nanotechnology, remains highly challenging. Here, we demonstrate molecular transportation through the cooperative action of a large number of artificial molecular machines, photoresponsive DNA-conjugated microtubules driven by kinesin motor proteins. Mechanical communication via conjugated photoresponsive DNA enables these microtubules to organize into groups upon photoirradiation. The groups of transporters load and transport cargo, and cargo unloading is achieved by dissociating the groups into single microtubules. The group formation permits the loading and transport of cargoes with larger sizes and in larger numbers over long distances compared with single transporters. We also demonstrate that cargo can be collected at user-determined locations defined by ultraviolet light exposure. This work demonstrates cooperative task performance by molecular machines, which will help to construct molecular robots with advanced functionalities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akter
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - J J Keya
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - K Kayano
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - A M R Kabir
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - D Inoue
- Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan
| | - H Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - K Sada
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - A Kuzuya
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - H Asanuma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - A Kakugo
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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Ahmed MU, Sarker UD, Rahman M, Razi RZ, Begum K, Ara R, Saha K, Akter M, Mahmud MA, Akber EB. A Rare Case of Polyorchidism: Sonographic and MR Evaluation of Four Testes. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:846-849. [PMID: 34226478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly reported about 200 cases in the world text. A number of theories have been planned concerning the making of polyorchidism, but the real explanation is still not acknowledged. Here we are going to present a case study of polyorchidism. A 70 years old gentleman complained with left supernumerary testes in the left hemiscrotum. His left hemiscrotum was painless with mass. Polyorchidism without malignancy or any other concomitant features were revealed by both ultrasound and MRI examinations. In most cases the ultrasonograph alone is diagnostic. In complicated cases of polyorchidism MRI may provide additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Ahmed
- Professor Dr Misbah Uddin Ahmed, Professor and Ex-Head of Radiology & Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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JEWELL P, Bramham K, Smith P, Kibble H, Norton S, Mudhaffer A, Akter M, Zuckerman B, Palmer K, Murphy C, Iatropoulou D, Sharpe C, Lioudaki E. POS-029 PATTERNS OF AKI IN PATIENTS HOSPITALISED WITH COVID-19 DURING THE FIRST WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN A LARGE UK TERTIARY CENTRE. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [PMCID: PMC8049682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Akter M, Sharmin KM, Amin NF. Medical Undergraduates' Written Assessment Profile of Illustration-based Neuroanatomy. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:926-938. [PMID: 33116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroanatomy is an integral part of Anatomy and it is one of the most visually dependent and visually-demanding one. Analysis of recent trends of emphasizing the importance of illustrations which are being reflected in the learning pattern or student-assessment can provide an insight into the situation and help teachers and curriculum planners. Thus, the present study was planned i) to analyze the Neuroanatomy portion of the recent undergraduate Anatomy written question papers of four public universities of Bangladesh for understanding how the ability to draw and label has been assessed in the questions and ii) to determine the ability of the undergraduate students to answer illustration-based questions as compared to their ability to answer non-illustration-based (text-based) questions in Neuroanatomy. For Part-A of the study, all the 'segment's of item (SAQ and MCQ) dealing with Neuroanatomy in all the available Anatomy written question papers of all the First Professional MBBS Exams of four public universities of Bangladesh of the last five years (2005 to 2009) were identified. The frequency of 'segment's those were assessing the ability to draw and label was determined. For Part-B of the study, 214 students were taken as participants. They were divided into two equal groups by randomization. The first group was given 100 illustration-based questions based on the illustrations representing different 'purpose's and 'form's in Snell1. The other group was given 100 non-illustration-based questions on the corresponding textual material. The scores of the two corresponding groups were compared using an unpaired 't' test. The frequency of segments was assessing the ability to draw and label was 3.86%. The performance of the undergraduates answering illustration-based questions was significantly poorer (p=0.0) than non-illustration-based questions (mean±SD being 23.36±14.02 and 44.75±9.50 respectively). Teaching and assessment of Neuroanatomy should be planned in a way to orient undergraduates towards more illustration-based understanding and performance. Necessary modifications in the curriculum are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akter
- Major (Dr) Manowara Akter, GSO-2 (Coordination), Army Medical Corps Centre & School, Ghatail Cantonment, Ghatail, Tangail, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Gese A, Akter M, Schnakenburg G, García Alcaraz A, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. P-Functionalized tetrathiafulvalenes from 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones? NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of mono- and bisphosphanylated 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones is presented, including phosphite-mediated reductive C,C coupling reactions. Computational studies point to a spirothiaphosphirane and a S-heterocyclic carbene as key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gese
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - M. Akter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - G. Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - A. García Alcaraz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- Campus de Espinardo
- 30100 Murcia
| | - A. Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- Campus de Espinardo
- 30100 Murcia
| | - R. Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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Akter M, Shiraishi A, Kumura H, Hayakawa T, Wakamatsu JI. Investigation of contributors to zinc protoporphyrin IX formation at optimum pH 5.5 in pork. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:774-780. [PMID: 30997727 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) formation in pork at pH 5.5, identified the contributors to ZnPP formation, and verified the involvement of myoglobin in this process. When pork homogenate was separated into two water-soluble fractions (>10 and <10 kDa) and an insoluble fraction, ZnPP formation was suppressed. ZnPP formation was rescued after mixing of all three fractions. Heating of the soluble <10 kDa fraction did not suppress the formation of ZnPP as opposed to heating of the soluble >10 kDa fraction, suggesting that protein(s) presents in the >10 kDa fraction contributed to ZnPP formation. Components of the soluble 10-30 kDa fractions separated by ultrafiltration were important in ZnPP formation. Exogenous myoglobin was not essential for ZnPP formation. A gel filtration study showed that soluble protein(s) with molecular weight higher than that of myoglobin was involved. Therefore, it was suggested that the soluble <10 kDa fraction, the insoluble fraction, and the soluble 10-30 kDa fraction (excluding myoglobin) are essential for ZnPP formation in pork at pH 5.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mofassara Akter
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiraishi
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruto Kumura
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Wakamatsu
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Wakamatsu JI, Akter M, Honma F, Hayakawa T, Kumura H, Nishimura T. Optimal pH of zinc protoporphyrin IX formation in porcine muscles: Effects of muscle fiber type and myoglobin content. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Atique Ullah AK, Tamanna AN, Hossain A, Akter M, Kabir MF, Tareq ARM, Fazle Kibria AKM, Kurasaki M, Rahman MM, Khan MNI. In vitro cytotoxicity and antibiotic application of green route surface modified ferromagnetic TiO2 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13254-13262. [PMID: 35520756 PMCID: PMC9063744 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous numbers of applications of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) cause concern about their risk to the environment and human health. Consequently, motivated by the necessity of searching for new sources of TiO2 NPs of low cytotoxicity with antibacterial activity, we synthesized TiO2 NPs by a green route using a solution of titanium(iv) isopropoxide as a precursor and an aqueous extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf as a reducing and surface modifying agent. We investigated their structure, shape, size, and magnetic properties, and evaluated their antibiotic application and cytotoxicity. The synthesized TiO2 NPs were applied against two Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium) and two Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) to observe their antibacterial activity; and eventually clear zones of inhibition formed by the TiO2 NPs were obtained. Moreover, after exposing the synthesized TiO2 NPs to HeLa cells (carcinoma cells) and Vero cells (normal cells), no toxic effect was found up to a dose of 1000 mg L−1, indicating the safe use of the samples up to at least 1000 mg L−1. However, toxic effects on HeLa cells and Vero cells were observed at doses of 2000 mg L−1 and 3000 mg L−1, respectively. These results indicate the safe use of Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf extract mediated synthesized TiO2 NPs in their potential applications. Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf extract mediated green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit less toxicity with high antibacterial activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Atique Ullah
- Nanoscience and Technology Research Laboratory
- Atomic Energy Centre
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - A. N. Tamanna
- Department of Physics
- University of Dhaka
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - A. Hossain
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
- Ural Federal University
- 620000 Yekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - M. Akter
- Graduate School of Environmental Science
- Hokkaido University
- 060-0810 Sapporo
- Japan
| | - M. F. Kabir
- Department of Physics
- University of Dhaka
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - A. R. M. Tareq
- Environmental Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Chemistry Division
- Atomic Energy Centre
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
- Dhaka 1000
| | - A. K. M. Fazle Kibria
- Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards Division
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
- Dhaka 1207
- Bangladesh
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science
- Hokkaido University
- 060-0810 Sapporo
- Japan
| | - M. M. Rahman
- Department of Physics
- University of Dhaka
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - M. N. I. Khan
- Materials Science Division
- Atomic Energy Centre
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
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Shanta FS, Atique Ullah AKM, Kabir MF, Tamanna AN, Akter M, Hasan MR, Rahman MM, Islam R, Khan MNI. Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ba1−xAlxTi0.5Mn0.5O3 (x = 0.0–0.3) Perovskites. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Akter M, Shamim KM, Amin NF. Analyses of the Neuroanatomy Portion of the Anatomy Question Papers for Written Summative Assessment at the Medical Undergraduate Level in Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:304-312. [PMID: 29769495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroanatomy is a vital part of the undergraduate medical (MBBS) Anatomy curriculum of different universities of Bangladesh. The teaching-learning and assessment of Neuroanatomy have gone through significant changes in current times in various parts of the world. Neuroanatomy textbooks are supposed to be useful reflectors of these changes and of the present inclinations. The importance of an understanding approach towards Neuroanatomy is beyond doubt. Consequently, the contemporary Neuroanatomy books are inclined more towards an understanding approach in their presentation. However, there has been no organized effort in analysing how such trends are being reflected in the student-assessment in the medical undergraduate courses of Bangladesh. This kind of study can provide useful insight into the present circumstances and assist teachers and curriculum planners in formulating crucial changes. The present study was aimed at analysing the Neuroanatomy written questions of five years' First Professional MBBS Exams regarding content coverage and level of cognitive domain addressed. The study was a descriptive observational one involving qualitative analyses (and quantitation) of questions. All the 'segment's of every item (SAQ and MCQ) dealing with Neuroanatomy in all the available Anatomy written question papers of all the First Professional MBBS Exams of four public universities of Bangladesh of five years (2005 to 2009) were analysed. The frequencies of item- 'segment's dealing with different chapters (or similar parts) of a Neuroanatomy textbook commonly recommended to the medical undergraduate course of the country1 were estimated to determine the content coverage and the item- 'segment's addressing different levels of cognitive domain were identified. The relative coverage of different chapters (or similar parts) of the textbook by Snell1 in the question papers showed considerable differences from the relative proportions of the corresponding chapters (or similar parts) in the book itself. Most (97.64%) of the item-'segment's addressed the recall-level of cognitive domain. The understanding-level was addressed by only 2.36% of 'segment's, but no application-level 'segment' could be identified. The findings of the present research assist teachers, paper- setters and moderators of questions as well as the curriculum planners in integrating the current trends in Neuroanatomy in the respective domains so that pre-clinical undergraduates can be made better prepared for the upcoming years and occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akter
- Major (Dr) Manowara Akter, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Comilla, Bangladesh
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Ullah AKA, Kabir MF, Akter M, Tamanna AN, Hossain A, Tareq ARM, Khan MNI, Kibria AKMF, Kurasaki M, Rahman MM. Green synthesis of bio-molecule encapsulated magnetic silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37176-37183. [PMID: 35557822 PMCID: PMC9088908 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persuaded by the necessity of finding new sources of antibiotics, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized by adopting a newly developed green synthesis technique and subsequently, their antibacterial activity against different pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. We have successfully synthesized bio-molecule capped ferromagnetic Ag NPs with an average crystallite size of 13 nm using AgNO3 solution as a precursor and Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. The characterization of the synthesized Ag NPs was carried out using various techniques such as UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry (TG), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. After exposing the synthesized Ag NPs to two Gram-positive bacteria – Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus and two Gram-negative bacteria – Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, the zones of inhibition were found to be 15, 16, 19, and 18 mm, respectively. These results imply that the Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf extract mediated green synthesized bio-molecules encapsulated Ag NPs can be considered as a potential antibiotic against human pathogens which is very encouraging. Persuaded by the necessity of finding new sources of antibiotics, Ag NPs were synthesized by adopting a newly developed green synthesis technique and subsequently, their antibacterial activity against different pathogenic bacteria was evaluated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Atique Ullah
- Nanoscience and Technology Research Laboratory
- Atomic Energy Centre
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - M. F. Kabir
- Department of Physics
- University of Dhaka
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - M. Akter
- Graduate School of Environmental Science
- Hokkaido University
- 060-0810 Sapporo
- Japan
| | - A. N. Tamanna
- Department of Physics
- University of Dhaka
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - A. Hossain
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
- Ural Federal University
- 620000 Yekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - A. R. M. Tareq
- Nanoscience and Technology Research Laboratory
- Atomic Energy Centre
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - M. N. I. Khan
- Nanoscience and Technology Research Laboratory
- Atomic Energy Centre
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - A. K. M. Fazle Kibria
- Nanoscience and Technology Research Laboratory
- Atomic Energy Centre
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science
- Hokkaido University
- 060-0810 Sapporo
- Japan
| | - M. M. Rahman
- Department of Physics
- University of Dhaka
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
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Begum M, Islam A, Rahman AA, Akter M, Alam ST, Tasmeen R. Abandonment and Outcome of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia in A Tertiary Level Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:95-102. [PMID: 29459598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute leukemias are the most common child hood malignancy, of which acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are 15 to 20%. Abandonment is one of the most important causes of treatment failure in AML in developing countries. Lost to follow-up is also a big problem in low income countries. Many patients stop therapy soon after diagnosis due to cost, distance and ignorance. To determine the abandonment, outcome and treatment related mortality (TRM) and morbidity among children with AML. This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric hematology and Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from February 2013 to January 2014. Fifty (50) patients of AML visited to out patient department (OPD) of Pediatric hematology and Oncology. Among them 11(22%) patients refuse treatment from outdoor. Thirty nine (78%) patients of AML were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. After proper evaluation and clinical examination of these patients, CBC and Bone marrow examination was done for confirmation of diagnosis. A total of 39 patients were recruited in this study. Seventeen (43.6%) patients were male and 22(56.4%) were female. Mean±SD of age was 7.80±4.42 years and range was 1 year to 18 years. Out of 39 patients, 18(46.1%) patients were abandoned, 15(38.4%) expire, relapse 2(5.2%) & alive 4(10.3%). High abandonment (46.1%) and treatment related toxic death (38.4%) has compromised the outcome of acute myeloid leukemia. However AML can be treated with better outcome if improved the supportive care, reduce toxic death, refusal or abandonment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Begum
- Dr Momena Begum, Medical Officer, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Akter M, Iji PA, Graham H. Increasing zinc levels in phytase-supplemented diets improves the performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ehsan MA, Akter M, Ahammed M, Ali MA, Ahmed MU. PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND GIARDIA IN HUMAN AND ANIMALS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3329/bjvm.v14i2.31376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis are worldwide considered as an important cause of gastrointestinal disease in human patients and in animals. The high number of (oo) cysts excreted shortly after infection, together with the low infectious dose, results in an easy spread of infection. The aim of this literature review is to introduce Cryptosporidium and Giardia by addressing their taxonomy, life cycle, prevalence and clinical importance for both human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Akter
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - H. Graham
- Feed Ingredients, AB Vista, Marlborough, UK
| | - P. A. Iji
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Ishihara D, Louder K, Akter M, Ahn C, Margulis V, Arriaga Y, Courtney K, Timmerman R, Brugarolas J, Hannan R. Phase 2 Trial of High-Dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy (SABR) for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC)—Interim Analysis of i-SAbR IL-2 Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Uetani H, Akter M, Hirai T, Shigematsu Y, Kitajima M, Kai Y, Yano S, Nakamura H, Makino K, Azuma M, Murakami R, Yamashita Y. Can 3T MR angiography replace DSA for the identification of arteries feeding intracranial meningiomas? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:765-72. [PMID: 23079409 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For identifying the arterial feeders of meningiomas, the usefulness of 3D TOF MRA at 3T has not been systematically investigated. This study was intended to assess whether unenhanced 3D TOF MRA at 3T can replace DSA for the identification of arteries feeding intracranial meningiomas and whether it is useful for assessing their dural attachment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one consecutive patients with intracranial meningiomas (18 women, 3 men; aged 42-77 years, mean 57 years) underwent DSA, conventional MR imaging, and 3D TOF MRA. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated the primary and secondary feeders of each tumor on maximum-intensity-projection and source MRA images. They also identified the location of dural attachments based on information from MR imaging/MRA images. Interobserver and intermodality agreement was determined by calculating the κ coefficient. RESULTS For the identification of primary and secondary feeders on MRA images, interobserver agreement was very good (κ=0.83; 95% CI, 0.66-1.00) and moderate (κ=0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.82) and intermodality agreement (consensus reading of MRA versus DSA findings) was excellent (κ=0.94; 95% CI, 0.84-1.00) and good (κ=0.72; 95% CI, 0.51-0.93), respectively. With respect to the dural attachment of meningiomas, interobserver agreement was very good (κ=0.95; 95% CI, 0.84-1.00). The agreement in the diagnosis between MR imaging/MRA and surgery was excellent (κ=1.00). CONCLUSIONS Unenhanced 3D TOF MRA at 3T cannot at present supplant DSA for the identification of the feeding arteries of intracranial meningiomas. This information may be useful for evaluating their dural attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Uetani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Abstract
The experiment was carried out to find out the impacts of plough pan on physical and chemical properties of soil. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from two locations of Basail upazila in Tangail dristrict, one having compact plough pan layer in subsoil (site-1) and other one with no plough pan layer (site-2). A survey was also conducted on land use pattern in these areas to get the causes of plough pan formation. In site-1, rice is the dominant crop and in site-2 shallow rooted crops such as mustard, potato, onion etc. are grown. In site-1, organic C, N, K, S, Zn contents were found higher and the concentrations of C, N, K, P, S and Zn decreased from topsoil to lower layers, whereas, concentrations increased to subsoil layer except P in case of site-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11594 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 289-294, 2012
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Khan NA, Khan AU, Hasan MI, Datta PK, Rahman MW, Akter M, Rahman S, Ferdous J, Miah AH, Sarker CB. Clinical profile of periodic paralysis. Mymensingh Med J 2012; 21:28-33. [PMID: 22314450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This cross sectional descriptive study was done to find out common clinical presentations, etiologies and laboratory investigation abnormalities in patients of periodic paralysis. Study was carried out in 30 patients with an age range from 8 to 70 years who were enrolled from July 2008 to June 2009 in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) medicine unit. Individuals who were admitted with sudden onset generalized muscle weakness, had history of previous attack and serum potassium level <3mmol/l or >5.5mmol/l were included in this study. In this series, majority of the patients were male (66.67%). Male: female ratio was approximately 2:1. The mean age of the patients was 27.4±4.5 years. Majority (26.67%) of them were in age range of 31-40 years. About 30% of the patients experienced the first attack of paralysis at the age of 20-24 years. Majority of patients (53%) were from middle class family with occupation of private service (26.66%) and farmer (20%). Positive family history was reported in 20% of patients. Regarding the precipitating factors, majority of patients (83.3%) were related to high carbohydrate meal, 56.67% related to temperature, 41.67% to exercise. Flaccid muscle weakness with variables muscle power (MRC grade 4/5 to 2/5 in 60% and 1/5 to 0/5 in 40%) was found. Cerebellar functions, all modalities of sensations and functions of cranial nerves were intact in all patients. In this series, laboratory investigations revealed reduced serum potassium level (<3mmol/l) in 90% of patients. Serum potassium value >5.5mmol/l was found in only 3.33% of patients. Creatine kinase (MM) was raised in 23% of the patients and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was 0.8-2mmol/l in 6% of the patients. More than half of the patients (56%) showed variable ECG changes. Impaired nerve conduction function was found in 28.00%. So, careful history taking, meticulous clinical examination and simple laboratory investigations is sufficient to make a prompt diagnosis and rapid management of patients with periodic paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Khan
- Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Islam MS, Hafez MA, Akter M. Characterization of spinal cord lesion in patients attending a specialized rehabilitation center in Bangladesh. Spinal Cord 2011; 49:783-6. [PMID: 21502957 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to find out the clinical types and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with spinal cord lesion (SCL). SETTING Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP). METHODS Data were collected by face-to-face interview, with a structured interview schedule from admitted patients. Descriptive measures and χ(2)-test were applied for data analysis. RESULTS Of 107 patients, majority (20%) belonged to age group of 25-29 years (mean 31±12.2 years). About 83% were males; 65% married and 54% illiterate. Agricultural and other day laborers constituted the major occupation groups with mean monthly family income of US $60 (±$53). About 92% came from rural area and 84% belonged to nuclear family. About one-third of the patients were referred by the medical college hospitals. About 65% of the patients were admitted at 1-29 days of lesion with longest duration of 3 years. Patients were mostly (93%) traumatic. Fifty-four percent had paraplegia and most common skeletal level segment was cervical (44%). About 43% had pressure sores at admission. Eighty-nine percent needed management for bladder function through the use of catheter. Age, sex and occupation were associated with type of paralysis, skeletal level of injury and neurological condition; physical status, causes of lesion, type of injury and skeletal level of injury; and skeletal level of injury, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Major cause of SCL was traumatic. Available treatment facilities were inadequate and needed improvement through government and private initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Islam
- Department of Physiotherapy, Bangladesh Health Professions Institute, CRP-Chapain, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Sasao A, Hirai T, Nishimura S, Fukuoka H, Murakami R, Kitajima M, Okuda T, Akter M, Morioka M, Yano S, Nakamura H, Makino K, Kuratsu JI, Awai K, Yamashita Y. Assessment of vascular supply of hypervascular extra-axial brain tumors with 3T MR regional perfusion imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 31:554-8. [PMID: 19850766 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The vascular supply of extra-axial brain tumors provided by the external carotid artery has not been studied with RPI. The purpose of this work was to determine whether RPI assessment is feasible and provides information on the vascular supply of hypervascular extra-axial brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conventional ASL and RPI studies were performed at 3T in 8 consecutive patients with meningioma. On the basis of MRA results, we performed RPI by placing a selective labeling slab over the external carotid artery. Five patients underwent DSA before surgery. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated the overall image quality, the degree of tumor perfusion, and the extent of the tumor vascular territory on conventional ASL and RPI. RESULTS In overall quality of conventional ASL and RPI, no images interfered with interpretation. In comparisons of the vascular tumor territory identified by the conventional ASL and RPI techniques, the territories coincided in 3 cases, were partially different in 4, and completely different in 1. The interobserver agreement was very good (kappa = 0.82). In 5 patients who underwent DSA, the 4 patients in whom the dominant supply was the external carotid artery were scored as coincided or partially different. The 1 patient in whom the vascular supply was from the internal carotid artery was scored as completely different. CONCLUSIONS RPI with selective labeling of the external carotid artery is feasible and may provide information about the vascular supply of hypervascular extra-axial brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sasao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Hirai T, Murakami R, Nakamura H, Kitajima M, Fukuoka H, Sasao A, Akter M, Hayashida Y, Toya R, Oya N, Awai K, Iyama K, Kuratsu JI, Yamashita Y. Prognostic value of perfusion MR imaging of high-grade astrocytomas: long-term follow-up study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1505-10. [PMID: 18556364 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although the prognostic value of perfusion MR imaging in various gliomas has been investigated, that in high-grade astrocytomas alone has not been fully evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively whether the tumor maximum relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) on pretreatment perfusion MR imaging is of prognostic value in patients with high-grade astrocytoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 1999 and December 2002, 49 patients (30 men, 19 women; age range, 23-76 years) with supratentorial high-grade astrocytoma underwent MR imaging before the inception of treatment. The patient age, sex, symptom duration, neurologic function, mental status, Karnofsky Performance Scale, extent of surgery, histopathologic diagnosis, tumor component enhancement, and maximum rCBV were assessed to identify factors affecting survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the logrank test, and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate prognostic factors. RESULTS The maximum rCBV was significantly higher in the 31 patients with glioblastoma multiforme than in the 18 with anaplastic astrocytoma (P < .03). The 2-year overall survival rate was 67% for 27 patients with a low (< or =2.3) and 9% for 22 patients with a high (>2.3) maximum rCBV value (P < .001). Independent important prognostic factors were the histologic diagnosis (hazard ratio = 9.707; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.163-29.788), maximum rCBV (4.739; 95% CI, 1.950-11.518), extent of surgery (2.692; 95% CI, 1.196-6.061), and sex (2.632; 95% CI, 1.153-6.010). CONCLUSION The maximum rCBV at pretreatment perfusion MR imaging is a useful clinical prognostic biomarker for survival in patients with high-grade astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Hirai T, Kai Y, Morioka M, Yano S, Kitajima M, Fukuoka H, Sasao A, Murakami R, Nakayama Y, Awai K, Toya R, Akter M, Korogi Y, Kuratsu J, Yamashita Y. Differentiation between paraclinoid and cavernous sinus aneurysms with contrast-enhanced 3D constructive interference in steady- state MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:130-3. [PMID: 17974619 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Differentiation between paraclinoid and cavernous sinus aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is critical when considering treatment options. The purpose of this study was to determine whether contrast-enhanced (CE) 3D constructive interference in steady state (CISS) MR imaging is useful to differentiate between paraclinoid and cavernous sinus aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 11 aneurysms in 10 consecutive female patients, ranging from 52 to 66 years of age. All aneurysms were adjacent to the anterior clinoid process. After conventional and CE 3D-CISS imaging on a 1.5T MR imaging unit, all patients underwent surgery, and the relationship between the aneurysms and the dura was confirmed. Two neuroradiologists evaluated the location of the aneurysms on CE 3D-CISS images and classified them as intradural, partially intradural, and extradural aneurysms. Operative findings were used as a reference standard. To understand the imaging characteristics, we assessed the boundary and signal intensity of the cavernous sinus, CSF, and carotid artery on the side contralateral to the lesion. RESULTS Operative findings disclosed that 5 aneurysms were intradural and 6 were extradural. All except 2 were accurately assessed with CE 3D-CISS imaging. One intradural aneurysm adjacent to a large cavernous aneurysm and 1 cavernous giant aneurysm were assessed as partially intradural. On CE 3D-CISS images, the boundary between the CSF, cavernous sinus, and carotid artery was identified by high signal-intensity contrast in all cases. CONCLUSION CE 3D-CISS MR imaging is useful for the differentiation between paraclinoid and cavernous sinus aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Akter M, Hirai T, Kitajima M, Yamada K, Hayashida Y, Okuda T, Takeshima H, Kuratsu J, Yamashita Y. Multiple prominent dilated perivascular spaces do not induce Wallerian degeneration as evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:283-4. [PMID: 17296995 PMCID: PMC7977431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown whether dilated perivascular spaces can affect the adjacent neuronal fibers. We describe conventional MR and diffusion tensor imaging findings of a case with multiple, prominent dilated perivascular spaces in the left cerebral hemisphere. Diffusion tensor imaging showed no alterations in the fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient values for the corona radiata, posterior rim of the internal capsule, and the cerebral peduncle, indicating no wallerian degeneration associated with dilated perivascular spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akter
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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