Decryption of DNA and Its Role in Treating Genetic Disorder at Early Stage

Aims: The aim of the study is to perform the task of decryption of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the role of such decrypted DNA for the treatment of genetic disorders at an early stage. The objective of the study is to analyze the utility of the decryption of DNA. Study Design: Cross sectional study design. Methodology: The numerous research papers that were utilized for the study were taken from online databases such as European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) and GenBank. Research journals were taken from Google Scholar and ProQuest. Axial coding was performed to evaluate the thematic analysis of the study. Moreover, in this study, a total of 7 sources by Van Der Pol & Moliere , Li et al. , El Bairiet al., Ragusoet al. , Hager &Zienkiewicz, Herzog et al.  And North out et al. Have been chosen as the relevant selected journals for conducting thematic analysis. PRISMA method was used to reflect upon the several articles presented during the dissertation. Results: The computation of DNA and its decoding from a particular sector of the body is eminent for studying the concept of the disorder of a particular sort. The abdominal aortic aneurysm is a fatal disorder. Being asymptomatic in nature, it turns deadly until it ruptures. It occurs due to the amplification of the “aorta”, which is the principal blood vessel delivering blood at the abdominal level of the body. Thus, Thus there is strong correlation between genetic disorders and DNA decryption the DNA decryption will unfold the treatment for genetic disorders. Conclusion: The concepts of genetic disorders and the decoding of DNA are heavily intertwined. The decryption of DNA would lead the researchers to detect disorders early on and analyze their structural integrity to study it further.

Burden of diabetes mellitus and its impact on COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis of real-world evidence

BACKGROUND & AIMS

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads rapidly and within no time, it has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Evidence suggests diabetes to be a risk factor for the progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to understand the pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients infected with COVID-19. We also aimed to compute the risk of mortality and ICU admissions in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed to identify the articles reporting the diabetes prevalence and risk of mortality or ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. The primary outcome was to compute the pooled prevalence of diabetes in COVID-19 patients. Secondary outcomes included risk of mortality and ICU admissions in COVID-19 patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes.

RESULTS

This meta-analysis was based on a total of 23007 patients from 43 studies. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients infected with COVID-19 was found to be 15% (95% CI: 12%-18%), p = <0.0001. Mortality risk was found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with diabetes as compared to COVID-19 patients without diabetes with a pooled risk ratio of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.16-2.25%), p = 0.005. Likewise, risk of ICU admission rate was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with diabetes as compared to COVID-19 patients without diabetes with a pooled risk ratio of 1.88 (1.20%-2.93%), p = 0.006.

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis found a high prevalence of diabetes and higher mortality and ICU admission risk in COVID-19 patients with diabetes.

No association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia: Evidence from a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIM

A growing body of literature suggests the association between dementia risk and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between PPI use and dementia risk.

METHODS

An extensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane till March 31, 2019. All the studies (cohort and case-control) assessing the association between PPI use and dementia risk were eligible for inclusion. Articles were selected based on the screening of title and abstract, data were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The primary outcome was pooled risk of dementia among PPI user as compared with non-PPI user. Secondary outcomes include dementia risk based on subgroups. Statistical analysis was performed using review manager software.

RESULTS

Twelve studies (eight cohort and four case-control) were found to be eligible for inclusion. Majority of the studies were of high quality. Dementia was diagnosed based on International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes in majority of the included studies. PPI use was not associated with the dementia risk, with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96-1.15), P = 0.31. Subgroup analysis based on study design (cohort: P = 0.14; case-control: P = 0.14), sex (RR 1.25 [95% CI: 0.97-1.60], P = 0.08), histamine 2 receptor antagonist blockers (P = 0.93), and Alzheimer's disease (RR 1.00 [95% CI: 0.91-1.09], P = 0.93) revealed no significant association between PPI use and dementia risk.

CONCLUSION

We found no significant association between PPI use and the risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease.