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Alvi NUH, Mulla MY, Abitbol T, Fall A, Beni V. The Fast and One-Step Growth of ZnO Nanorods on Cellulose Nanofibers for Highly Sensitive Photosensors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2611. [PMID: 37764641 PMCID: PMC10538090 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant organic material on our planet which has a key role in our daily life (e.g., paper, packaging). In recent years, the need for replacing fossil-based materials has expanded the application of cellulose and cellulose derivatives including into electronics and sensing. The combination of nanostructures with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) is expected to create new opportunities for the development of innovative electronic devices. In this paper, we report on a single-step process for the low temperature (<100 °C), environmentally friendly, and fully scalable CNF-templated highly dense growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs). More specifically, the effect of the degree of substitution of the CNF (enzymatic CNFs and carboxymethylated CNFs with two different substitution levels) on the ZnO growth and the application of the developed ZnO NRs/CNF nanocomposites in the development of UV sensors is reported herein. The results of this investigation show that the growth and nature of ZnO NRs are strongly dependent on the charge of the CNFs; high charge promotes nanorod growth whereas with low charge, ZnO isotropic microstructures are created that are not attached to the CNFs. Devices manufactured via screen printing/drop-casting of the ZnO NRs/CNF nanocomposites demonstrate a good photo-sensing response with a very stable UV-induced photocurrent of 25.84 µA. This also exhibits excellent long-term stability with fast ON/OFF switching performance under the irradiance of a UV lamp (15 W).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ul Hassan Alvi
- Smart Hardware, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Södra Grytsgatan 4, Plan2, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Smart Hardware, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Södra Grytsgatan 4, Plan2, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Smart Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy & Health, Drottning Kristinas Väg 61B, 114-28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Fall
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Smart Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy & Health, Drottning Kristinas Väg 61B, 114-28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerio Beni
- Smart Hardware, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Södra Grytsgatan 4, Plan2, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
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Mulla MY, Isacsson P, Dobryden I, Beni V, Östmark E, Håkansson K, Edberg J. Bio-Graphene Sensors for Monitoring Moisture Levels in Wood and Ambient Environment. Glob Chall 2023; 7:2200235. [PMID: 37020627 PMCID: PMC10069311 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an inherently hygroscopic material which tends to absorb moisture from its surrounding. Moisture in wood is a determining factor for the quality of wood being employed in construction, since it causes weakening, deformation, rotting, and ultimately leading to failure of the structures resulting in costs to the economy, the environment, and to the safety of residents. Therefore, monitoring moisture in wood during the construction phase and after construction is vital for the future of smart and sustainable buildings. Employing bio-based materials for the construction of electronics is one way to mitigate the environmental impact of such electronics. Herein, a bio-graphene sensor for monitoring the moisture inside and around wooden surfaces is fabricated using laser-induced graphitization of a lignin-based ink precursor. The bio-graphene sensors are used to measure humidity in the range of 10% up to 90% at 25 °C. Using laser induced graphitization, conductor resistivity of 18.6 Ω sq-1 is obtained for spruce wood and 57.1 Ω sq-1 for pine wood. The sensitivity of sensors fabricated on spruce and pine wood is 2.6 and 0.74 MΩ per % RH. Surface morphology and degree of graphitization are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Printed‐, Bio‐ and Organic ElectronicsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
| | - Patrik Isacsson
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN)Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
- Ahlstrom Group InnovationApprieu38140France
| | - Illia Dobryden
- Bioeconomy and HealthRISE Research Institutes of SwedenDrottning Kristinas väg 61StockholmSE‐114 28Sweden
| | - Valerio Beni
- Printed‐, Bio‐ and Organic ElectronicsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
| | - Emma Östmark
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Stora Enso ABInnovation Centre for BiomaterialsBox 70395StockholmSE‐107 24Sweden
| | - Karl Håkansson
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Bioeconomy and HealthRISE Research Institutes of SwedenDrottning Kristinas väg 61StockholmSE‐114 28Sweden
| | - Jesper Edberg
- Printed‐, Bio‐ and Organic ElectronicsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
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Edberg J, Mulla MY, Hosseinaei O, Alvi NUH, Beni V. A Forest-Based Triboelectric Energy Harvester. Glob Chall 2022; 6:2200058. [PMID: 36275357 PMCID: PMC9581787 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a new class of energy harvesting devices that have the potential to become a dominating technology for producing renewable energy. The versatility of their designs allows TENGs to harvest mechanical energy from sources like wind and water. Currently used renewable energy technologies have a restricted number of materials from which they can be constructed, such as metals, plastics, semiconductors, and rare-earth metals. These materials are all non-renewable in themselves as they require mining/drilling and are difficult to recycle at end of life. TENGs on the other hand can be built from a large repertoire of materials, including materials from bio-based sources. Here, a TENG constructed fully from wood-derived materials like lignin, cellulose, paper, and cardboard, thus making it 100% green, recyclable, and even biodegradable, is demonstrated. The device can produce a maximum voltage, current, and power of 232 V, 17 mA m-2, and 1.6 W m-2, respectively, which is enough to power electronic systems and charge 6.5 µF capacitors. Finally, the device is used in a smart package application as a self-powered impact sensor. The work shows the feasibility of producing renewable energy technologies that are sustainable both with respect to their energy sources and their material composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Edberg
- Bio‐ and Organic ElectronicsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenDigital SystemsBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Bio‐ and Organic ElectronicsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenDigital SystemsBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
| | - Omid Hosseinaei
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Bioeconomy and HealthRISE Research Institutes of SwedenStockholmSE‐114 86Sweden
| | - Naveed ul Hassan Alvi
- Bio‐ and Organic ElectronicsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenDigital SystemsBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
| | - Valerio Beni
- Bio‐ and Organic ElectronicsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenDigital SystemsBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
- Digital Cellulose CenterBredgatan 35NorrköpingSE‐602 21Sweden
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Bernacka-Wojcik I, Huerta M, Tybrandt K, Karady M, Mulla MY, Poxson DJ, Gabrielsson EO, Ljung K, Simon DT, Berggren M, Stavrinidou E. Implantable Organic Electronic Ion Pump Enables ABA Hormone Delivery for Control of Stomata in an Intact Tobacco Plant. Small 2019; 15:e1902189. [PMID: 31513355 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electronic control of biological processes with bioelectronic devices holds promise for sophisticated regulation of physiology, for gaining fundamental understanding of biological systems, providing new therapeutic solutions, and digitally mediating adaptations of organisms to external factors. The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) provides a unique means for electronically-controlled, flow-free delivery of ions, and biomolecules at cellular scale. Here, a miniaturized OEIP device based on glass capillary fibers (c-OEIP) is implanted in a biological organism. The capillary form factor at the sub-100 µm scale of the device enables it to be implanted in soft tissue, while its hyperbranched polyelectrolyte channel and addressing protocol allows efficient delivery of a large aromatic molecule. In the first example of an implantable bioelectronic device in plants, the c-OEIP readily penetrates the leaf of an intact tobacco plant with no significant wound response (evaluated up to 24 h) and effectively delivers the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) into the leaf apoplast. OEIP-mediated delivery of ABA, the phytohormone that regulates plant's tolerance to stress, induces closure of stomata, the microscopic pores in leaf's epidermis that play a vital role in photosynthesis and transpiration. Efficient and localized ABA delivery reveals previously unreported kinetics of ABA-induced signal propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bernacka-Wojcik
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Michal Karady
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - David J Poxson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Erik O Gabrielsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
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Tuwei AK, Williams NH, Mulla MY, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Grell M. 'Rough guide' evanescent wave optrode for colorimetric metalloporphyrine sensors. Talanta 2017; 164:228-232. [PMID: 28107922 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When films of zinc 5-(4-carboxyphenyl),10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin (ZnTPP) are exposed to waterborne amine in pH- neutral or alkaline media, both Q- band and Soret band respond with a change of absorbance due to the donation of amine 'lone pair' electrons to the metalloprophyrin π orbital. However, this is difficult to reveal with a conventional spectrometer even under high amine concentration. We therefore introduce optical fibres coated with ZnTPP into a bespoke 'light balance' evanescent wave absorbance meter [doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.05.065]. The light balance makes absorbance changes clearly visible under only 5μM aqueous amine, making PVC membranes redundant. We find sensitivity is higher, and limit- of- detection lower, in the Soret band rather than the Q- band, reflecting the stronger Soret band absorbance. Also, we find that sensitivity is higher, and limit- of- detection approximately two times lower, when rough rather than smooth fibres are used. We believe the rough fibre surface leads to enhanced evanescence, and therefore better overlap of the wave propagating in the fibre with the ZnTPP fibre cladding. We find a limit of detection to waterborne amines below 1μM, which compares well to other sensors for waterborne amines [Korent, S.M. et.al. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 387 (2007) 2863-2870; Algarni, S. A. et.al. Talanta 153 (2016) 107-110]. We therefore recommend 'rough guide' evanescent wave optrodes, in combination with sensitive 'light balance' detector, to succeed membrane- embedding of colorimetric sensitisers such as metalloporphyrines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Kirwa Tuwei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109, 60400 Chuka, Kenya.
| | - Nicholas H Williams
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, S3 7HF Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Martin Grell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Abstract
When films of zinc 5-(4-carboxyphenyl),10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin (ZnTPP) are exposed to waterborne amine in pH- neutral or alkaline media, both Q- band and Soret band respond with a change of absorbance due to the donation of amine 'lone pair' electrons to the metalloprophyrin π orbital. However, this is difficult to reveal with a conventional spectrometer even under high amine concentration. We therefore introduce optical fibres coated with ZnTPP into a bespoke 'light balance' evanescent wave absorbance meter [doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.05.065]. The light balance makes absorbance changes clearly visible under only 5μM aqueous amine, making PVC membranes redundant. We find sensitivity is higher, and limit- of- detection lower, in the Soret band rather than the Q- band, reflecting the stronger Soret band absorbance. Also, we find that sensitivity is higher, and limit- of- detection approximately two times lower, when rough rather than smooth fibres are used. We believe the rough fibre surface leads to enhanced evanescence, and therefore better overlap of the wave propagating in the fibre with the ZnTPP fibre cladding. We find a limit of detection to waterborne amines below 1μM, which compares well to other sensors for waterborne amines [Korent, S.M. et.al. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 387 (2007) 2863-2870; Algarni, S. A. et.al. Talanta 153 (2016) 107-110]. We therefore recommend 'rough guide' evanescent wave optrodes, in combination with sensitive 'light balance' detector, to succeed membrane- embedding of colorimetric sensitisers such as metalloporphyrines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Kirwa Tuwei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109, 60400 Chuka, Kenya.
| | - Nicholas H Williams
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, S3 7HF Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Martin Grell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Manoli K, Magliulo M, Mulla MY, Singh M, Sabbatini L, Palazzo G, Torsi L. Druckbare Bioelektronik zur Untersuchung funktioneller biologischer Grenzflächen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Manoli K, Magliulo M, Mulla MY, Singh M, Sabbatini L, Palazzo G, Torsi L. Printable Bioelectronics To Investigate Functional Biological Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12562-76. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Palazzo G, De Tullio D, Magliulo M, Mallardi A, Intranuovo F, Mulla MY, Favia P, Vikholm-Lundin I, Torsi L. Detection beyond Debye's length with an electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor. Adv Mater 2015; 27:911-6. [PMID: 25376989 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors are successfully used as biosensors to detect binding events occurring at distances from the transistor electronic channel that are much larger than the Debye length in highly concentrated solutions. The sensing mechanism is mainly capacitive and is due to the formation of Donnan's equilibria within the protein layer, leading to an extra capacitance (CDON) in series to the gating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Palazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, CSGI and INSTM, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Mulla MY, Tuccori E, Magliulo M, Lattanzi G, Palazzo G, Persaud K, Torsi L. Capacitance-modulated transistor detects odorant binding protein chiral interactions. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6010. [PMID: 25591754 PMCID: PMC4309438 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral events in olfaction involve odorant binding proteins (OBPs) whose role in the recognition of different volatile chemicals is yet unclear. Here we report on the sensitive and quantitative measurement of the weak interactions associated with neutral enantiomers differentially binding to OBPs immobilized through a self-assembled monolayer to the gate of an organic bio-electronic transistor. The transduction is remarkably sensitive as the transistor output current is governed by the small capacitance of the protein layer undergoing minute changes as the ligand-protein complex is formed. Accurate determination of the free-energy balances and of the capacitance changes associated with the binding process allows derivation of the free-energy components as well as of the occurrence of conformational events associated with OBP ligand binding. Capacitance-modulated transistors open a new pathway for the study of ultra-weak molecular interactions in surface-bound protein-ligand complexes through an approach that combines bio-chemical and electronic thermodynamic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CSGI, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Tuccori
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Maria Magliulo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CSGI, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lattanzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’, INFN and TIRES, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerardo Palazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CSGI, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Krishna Persaud
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CSGI, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Manoli K, Dumitru LM, Mulla MY, Magliulo M, Di Franco C, Santacroce MV, Scamarcio G, Torsi L. A comparative study of the gas sensing behavior in P3HT- and PBTTT-based OTFTs: the influence of film morphology and contact electrode position. Sensors (Basel) 2014; 14:16869-80. [PMID: 25215940 PMCID: PMC4208205 DOI: 10.3390/s140916869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bottom- and top-contact organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated, using poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT-C16) as p-type channel semiconductors. Four different types of OTFTs were fabricated and investigated as gas sensors against three volatile organic compounds, with different associated dipole moments. The OTFT-based sensor responses were evaluated with static and transient current measurements. A comparison between the different architectures and the relative organic semiconductor was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Manoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Liviu Mihai Dumitru
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Magliulo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Di Franco
- CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro"-Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Vittoria Santacroce
- CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro"-Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Scamarcio
- CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro"-Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Singh M, Palazzo G, Romanazzi G, Suranna GP, Ditaranto N, Di Franco C, Santacroce MV, Mulla MY, Magliulo M, Manoli K, Torsi L. Bio-sorbable, liquid electrolyte gated thin-film transistor based on a solution-processed zinc oxide layer. Faraday Discuss 2014; 174:383-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the metal oxide semiconductors, ZnO has been widely investigated as a channel material in thin-film transistors (TFTs) due to its excellent electrical properties, optical transparency and simple fabrication via solution-processed techniques. Herein, we report a solution-processable ZnO-based thin-film transistor gated through a liquid electrolyte with an ionic strength comparable to that of a physiological fluid. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the ZnO films upon exposure to water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) are discussed in terms of the operation stability and electrical performance of the ZnO TFT devices. The improved device characteristics upon exposure to PBS are associated with the enhancement of the oxygen vacancies in the ZnO lattice due to Na+ doping. Moreover, the dissolution kinetics of the ZnO thin film in a liquid electrolyte opens the possible applicability of these devices as an active element in “transient” implantable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
- 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerardo Palazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
- 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romanazzi
- DICATECh: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica
- Polytechnic of Bari
- Campus Universitario
- 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- DICATECh: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica
- Polytechnic of Bari
- Campus Universitario
- 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ditaranto
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
- 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Franco
- CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- , Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
- 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Magliulo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
- 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Kyriaki Manoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
- 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
- 70126 Bari, Italy
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Magliulo M, Mallardi A, Mulla MY, Cotrone S, Pistillo BR, Favia P, Vikholm-Lundin I, Palazzo G, Torsi L. Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor sensors based on supported biotinylated phospholipid bilayer. Adv Mater 2013; 25:2090-4. [PMID: 23288589 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anchored, biotinylated phospholipids forming the capturing layers in an electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor (EGOFET) allow label-free electronic specific detection at a concentration level of 10 nM in a high ionic strength solution. The sensing mechanism is based on a clear capacitive effect across the PL layers involving the charges of the target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magliulo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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