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Selim S, Akhtar N, Hagagy N, Alanazi A, Warrad M, El Azab E, Elamir MYM, Al-Sanea MM, Jaouni SKA, Abdel-Mawgoud M, Shah AA, Abdelgawad H. Selection of Newly Identified Growth-Promoting Archaea Haloferax Species With a Potential Action on Cobalt Resistance in Maize Plants. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:872654. [PMID: 35665142 PMCID: PMC9161300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with cobalt (Co) negatively impacts plant growth and production. To combat Co toxicity, plant growth-promoting microorganisms for improving plant growth are effectively applied. To this end, unclassified haloarchaeal species strain NRS_31 (OL912833), belonging to Haloferax genus, was isolated, identified for the first time, and applied to mitigate the Co phytotoxic effects on maize plants. This study found that high Co levels in soil lead to Co accumulation in maize leaves. Co accumulation in the leaves inhibited maize growth and photosynthetic efficiency, inducing oxidative damage in the tissue. Interestingly, pre-inoculation with haloarchaeal species significantly reduced Co uptake and mitigated the Co toxicity. Induced photosynthesis improved sugar metabolism, allocating more carbon to defend against Co stress. Concomitantly, the biosynthetic key enzymes involved in sucrose (sucrose-P-synthase and invertases) and proline (pyrroline-5- carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)) biosynthesis significantly increased to maintain plant osmotic potential. In addition to their osmoregulation potential, soluble sugars and proline can contribute to maintaining ROS hemostasis. Maize leaves managed their oxidative homeostasis by increasing the production of antioxidant metabolites (such as phenolics and tocopherols) and increasing the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes (such as POX, CAT, SOD, and enzymes involved in the AsA/GSH cycle). Inside the plant tissue, to overcome heavy Co toxicity, maize plants increased the synthesis of heavy metal-binding ligands (metallothionein, phytochelatins) and the metal detoxifying enzymes (glutathione S transferase). Overall, the improved ROS homeostasis, osmoregulation, and Co detoxification systems were the basis underlying Co oxidative stress, mitigating haloarchaeal treatment's impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Awadh Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Warrad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al-Quriat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman El Azab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al-Quriat, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamada Abdelgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Abdalla AE, Xie J, Junaid K, Younas S, Elsaman T, Abosalif KOA, Alameen AAM, Mahjoob MO, Elamir MYM, Ejaz H. Insight into the emerging role of SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural and accessory proteins in modulation of multiple mechanisms of host innate defense. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:515-527. [PMID: 33714258 PMCID: PMC8381213 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an extremely infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has become a major global health concern. The induction of a coordinated immune response is crucial to the elimination of any pathogenic infection. However, SARS-CoV-2 can modulate the host immune system to favor viral adaptation and persistence within the host. The virus can counteract type I interferon (IFN-I) production, attenuating IFN-I signaling pathway activation and disrupting antigen presentation. Simultaneously, SARS-CoV-2 infection can enhance apoptosis and the production of inflammatory mediators, which ultimately results in increased disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 produces an array of effector molecules, including nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and open-reading frames (ORFs) accessory proteins. We describe the complex molecular interplay of SARS-CoV-2 NSPs and accessory proteins with the host's signaling mediating immune evasion in the current review. In addition, the crucial role played by immunomodulation therapy to address immune evasion is discussed. Thus, the current review can provide new directions for the development of vaccines and specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Kashaf Junaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sonia Younas
- Department of Pathology, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Kamoke, District Gujranwala, Kamoke, Pakistan
| | - Tilal Elsaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Khalid Omer Abdalla Abosalif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Ayman Ali Mohammed Alameen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mahjoob Osman Mahjoob
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed Elamir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
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Ejaz H, Ahmad M, Younas S, Junaid K, Abosalif KOA, Abdalla AE, Alameen AAM, Elamir MYM, Bukhari SNA, Ahmad N, Qamar MU. Molecular Epidemiology of Extensively-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Sequence Type 2 Co-Harboring bla NDM and bla OXA From Clinical Origin. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1931-1939. [PMID: 34079303 PMCID: PMC8164867 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s310478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic management of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) represents a serious challenge to the public health sector because these pathogens are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, resulting in limited treatment options. The present study was planned to investigate the clonal spread of CR-AB in a clinical setting. Methodology A total of 174 A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected from a tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. The isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 compact system and molecular identification of recA and blaOXA-51. Antimicrobial profile and the screening of carbapenem-resistant genes were carried out using VITEK 2 system and PCR, respectively. The molecular typing of the isolates was performed according to the Pasteur scheme. Results Of the 174 A. baumannii isolates collected, the majority were isolated from sputum samples (46.5%) and in the intensive care unit (ICU, 75%). Among these, 113/174 (64.9%) were identified as CR-AB, and 49.5% and 24.7% harbored blaOXA-23 and blaNDM-1, respectively. A total of 11 (9.7%) isolates co-harbored blaOXA-51, blaNDM-1, and blaOXA-23. Interestingly, 46.9% of the CR-AB belonged to sequence type 2 (ST2; CC1), whereas 15.9% belonged to ST1 (CC1). All of the CR-AB isolates showed extensive resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, except colistin. Conclusion The study concluded CR-AB ST2 clone harboring blaOXA-23 and blaNDM-1 are widely distributed in Pakistan’s clinical settings, which could result in increased mortality. Strict compliance with the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance is necessary to reduce the impacts of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Younas
- Department of Pathology, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Kamoke, Kamoke, 50661, Pakistan
| | - Kashaf Junaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Omer Abdalla Abosalif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Ali Mohammed Alameen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed Elamir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Ejaz H, Younas S, Qamar MU, Junaid K, Abdalla AE, Abosalif KOA, Alameen AAM, Elamir MYM, Ahmad N, Hamam SSM, Salem EHM, Bukhari SNA. Molecular Epidemiology of Extensively Drug-Resistant mcr Encoded Colistin-Resistant Bacterial Strains Co-Expressing Multifarious β-Lactamases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040467. [PMID: 33923991 PMCID: PMC8073099 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (Col-R) conferred by mcr genes endangers the last therapeutic option for multifarious β-lactamase-producing bacteria. The current study aimed to explore the mcr gene molecular epidemiology in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. Col-R gram-negative bacterial strains were screened using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoint ≥4 µg/mL. Resistant isolates were examined for mcr variants, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The MIC breakpoints for mcr-positive strains were determined using broth microdilution and E-test strips. Overall, 19/718 (2.6%) gram-negative rods (GNRs) harboring mcr were identified, particularly in pus (p = 0.01) and tracheal secretions (p = 0.03). Molecular epidemiology data confirmed 18/19 (95%) mcr-1 and 1/19 (5%) mcr-2 genes. Integron detection revealed 15/17 (88%) Int-1 and 2/17 (12%) Int-2. Common co-expressing drug-resistant β-lactamase genes included 8/16 (50%) blaCTM-1, 3/16 (19%) blaCTM-15, 3/3 (100%) blaCMY-2, 2/8 (25%) blaNDM-1, and 2/8 (25%) blaNDM-5. The MIC50 and MIC90 values (µg/mL) were as follows: Escherichia coli, 12 and 24; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 12 and 32; Acinetobacter baumannii, 8 and 12; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 32 and 64, respectively. Treatment of XDR strains has become challenging owing to the co-expression of mcr-1, mcr-2, multifarious β-lactamase genes, and integrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-55-762-5174
| | - Sonia Younas
- Department of Pathology, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Kamoke, District Gujranwala, Kamoke 50661, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Kashaf Junaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Khalid Omer Abdalla Abosalif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Ayman Ali Mohammed Alameen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed Elamir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sanaa Samir Mohamed Hamam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum 32511, Egypt; (S.S.M.H.); (E.H.M.S.)
| | - Eman Hosney Mohammed Salem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum 32511, Egypt; (S.S.M.H.); (E.H.M.S.)
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia;
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