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Verchère A, Cowton A, Jenni A, Rauch M, Häner R, Graumann J, Bütikofer P, Menon AK. Complexity of the eukaryotic dolichol-linked oligosaccharide scramblase suggested by activity correlation profiling mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1411. [PMID: 33446867 PMCID: PMC7809446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The oligosaccharide required for asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is donated by the glycolipid Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol. Remarkably, whereas glycosylation occurs in the ER lumen, the initial steps of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol synthesis generate the lipid intermediate Man5GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol (M5-DLO) on the cytoplasmic side of the ER. Glycolipid assembly is completed only after M5-DLO is translocated to the luminal side. The membrane protein (M5-DLO scramblase) that mediates M5-DLO translocation across the ER membrane has not been identified, despite its importance for N-glycosylation. Building on our ability to recapitulate scramblase activity in proteoliposomes reconstituted with a crude mixture of ER membrane proteins, we developed a mass spectrometry-based 'activity correlation profiling' approach to identify scramblase candidates in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Data curation prioritized six polytopic ER membrane proteins as scramblase candidates, but reconstitution-based assays and gene disruption in the protist Trypanosoma brucei revealed, unexpectedly, that none of these proteins is necessary for M5-DLO scramblase activity. Our results instead strongly suggest that M5-DLO scramblase activity is due to a protein, or protein complex, whose activity is regulated at the level of quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Verchère
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Cowton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstr. 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aurelio Jenni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstr. 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstr. 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monika Rauch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstr. 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestr. 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main site, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstr. 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anant K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Dawoody Nejad L, Stumpe M, Rauch M, Hemphill A, Schneiter R, Bütikofer P, Serricchio M. Mitochondrial sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase is essential for phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis and survival of Trypanosoma brucei. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8268. [PMID: 32427974 PMCID: PMC7237492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a signaling molecule involved in the control of cell migration, differentiation, survival and other physiological processes. This sphingolipid metabolite can be degraded by the action of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) to form hexadecenal and ethanolamine phosphate. The importance of SPL-mediated ethanolamine phosphate formation has been characterized in only few cell types. We show that in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, expression of TbSpl is essential for cell survival. Ablation of TbSpl expression increased sphingosine-1-phosphate levels and reduced de novo formation and steady-state levels of the glycerophospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Growth of TbSpl-depleted parasites could be in part rescued by ethanolamine supplementation to the growth medium, indicating that the main function of TbSpl is to provide ethanolamine phosphate for PE synthesis. In contrast to most cell types analyzed, where SPL localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, we found by high-resolution microscopy that TbSpl is a mitochondrial protein. In spite of its mitochondrial localization, TbSpl depletion had no apparent effect on mitochondrial morphology but resulted in aggregation of acidocalcisomes. Our results link mitochondria to sphingolipid metabolism and suggest possible roles for PE in acidocalcisome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Dawoody Nejad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Monika Rauch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schneiter
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mauro Serricchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Abstract
CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE Embolization of the testicular veins (Gat-Goren technique) is an interventional procedure for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS In addition to standard urological procedures, such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P), arterial embolization of the prostate is considered as the interventional radiological method of choice. METHODICAL INNOVATIONS Embolization of the testicular veins is technically identical to the embolization of varicoceles in infertile men and represents a less invasive treatment. PERFORMANCE Embolization of the testicular veins can be performed as a low-risk intervention with low side effects. Variants of the venous anatomy can make the procedure more difficult. In current studies a good reduction of symptoms could be achieved in intermediate-term follow-up. ACHIEVEMENTS The medium-term results are promising but data on long-term results and comparisons with alternative treatments are missing. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS Embolization of the testicular veins is a minimally invasive method for the treatment of BPH. The procedure can be performed in an outpatient setting. In the intermediate course up to 6 months after treatment, promising results were demonstrated in recent studies. Randomized studies, data on long-term results and comparisons to alternative methods (e. g. arterial prostatic embolization and surgical procedures) are missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rauch
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - H Strunk
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland
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4
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Lavie C, Rollot F, Durand-Dubief F, Marignier R, Ionescu I, Casey R, Moreau T, Tourniaire P, Hutchinson M, D’Hooghe MB, Laplaud DA, Clavelou P, De Sèze J, Debouverie M, Brassat D, Pelletier J, Lebrun-Frenay C, Le Page E, Castelnovo G, Berger E, Hautecoeur P, Heinzlef O, Durelli L, Clerico M, Trojano M, Patti F, Vukusic S, Alpérovitch A, Carton H, d’Hooghe M, Hommes O, Hutchinson M, Adeleine P, Biron A, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Grimaud J, Hours M, Moreau T, Vukusic S, Confavreux C, Chauplannaz G, Confavreux C, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Grimaud J, Latombe D, Moreau T, Clanet M, Lau G, Rumbach L, Goas J, Rouhart F, Mazingue A, Roullet E, Madigand M, Hautecoeur P, Brunet P, Edan G, Allaire C, Riffault G, Leche J, Benoit T, Simonin C, Ziegler F, Baron J, Rivrain Y, Dumas R, Loche D, Bourrin J, Huttin B, Delisse B, Gibert I, Boulay C, Verceletto M, Durand G, Bonneviot G, Gil R, Hedreville M, Belair C, Poitevin R, Devoize J, Wyremblewski P, Delestre F, Setiey A, Comi G, Filippi M, Ghezzi A, Martinelli V, Rossi P, Zaffaroni M, Tola M, Amato M, Fioretti C, Meucci G, Inglese M, Mancardi G, Gambi D, Thomas A, Cavazzuti M, Citterio A, Heltberg A, Hansen H, Fernandez O, Romero F, Arbizu T, Hernandez J, De Andres de Frutos C, Geffner Sclarky D, Aladro Benito Y, Reyes Yanes P, Aguilar M, Burguera J, Yaya R, Bonakim Dib W, Arzua-Mouronte D, d’Hooghe M, Sindic C, Carton H, Medaer R, Roose H, Geens K, Guillaume D, Van Zandycke M, Janssens J, Cornette M, Mol L, Weilbach F, Flachenecker P, Hartung H, Haas J, Tendolkar I, Sindrn E, Kölmel H, Reichel D, Rauch M, Preuss S, Poser S, Mauch E, Strausser-Fuchs S, Kolleger H, Hawkins S, Howell S, Rees J, Thompson A, Johnson M, Boggild M, Gregory R, Bates D, Bone I, Hutchinson M, Polman C, Frequin S, Jongen P, Hommes O, Correia de Sa J, Rio M, Huber S, Lechner-Scott J, Kappos L, Ionescu I, Cornu C, Confavreux C, Vukusic S, El-Etr M, Baulieu E, El-Etr M, Schumacher M, Ionescu I, Confavreux C, Cornu C, Vukusic S, Hartung H, Miller D, Hutchinson M, Pugeat M, d’Archangues C, Conard J, Ménard J, Sitruk-Ware R, Pelissier C, Dat S, Belaïsch-Allard J, Athéa N, Büschsenschutz D, Lyon-Caen O, Gonsette R, Boissel J, Ffrench P, Durand-Dubief F, Cotton F, Pachai C, Bracoud L, Vukusic S, Ionescu I, Androdias G, Marignier R, Chauplannaz G, Laplaud D, Wiertlewski S, Lanctin-Garcia C, Moreau T, Couvreur G, Madinier G, Clavelou P, Taithe F, Aufauvre D, Guy N, Ferrier A, De Sèze J, Collongues N, Debouverie M, Viala F, Brassat D, Gerdelat-Mas A, Henry P, Pelletier J, Rico-Lamy A, Lebrun-Frenay C, Lepage E, Deburghraeve V, Edan G, Castelnovo G, Berger E, Hautecoeur P, Blondiau M, Heinzlef O, Coustans M, Clerc C, Rieu L, Lauxerois M, Hinzelin G, Ouallet J, Minier D, Vion P, Gromaire-Fayolle N, Derache N, Thouvenot E, Sallansonnet-Froment M, Tourniaire P, Toureille L, Borgel F, Stankoff B, Grimaud J, Moroianu C, Guennoc A, Tournier-Gervason C, Peysson S, Trojano M, Patti F, D’Amico E, Motti L, Zaffaroni M, Durelli L, Tavella A. Neuraxial analgesia is not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses in MS. Mult Scler 2018; 25:591-600. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458518763080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obstetrical analgesia remains a matter of controversy because of the fear of neurotoxicity of local anesthetics on demyelinated fibers or their potential relationship with subsequent relapses. Objective: To assess the impact of neuraxial analgesia on the risk of relapse during the first 3 months post-partum, with a focus on women who experienced relapses during pregnancy. Methods: We analyzed data of women followed-up prospectively during their pregnancies and at least 3 months post-partum, collected in the Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMS) and Prevention of Post-Partum Relapses with Progestin and Estradiol in Multiple Sclerosis (POPARTMUS) studies between 1992–1995 and 2005–2012, respectively. The association of neuraxial analgesia with the occurrence of a post-partum relapse was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 389 women were included, 215 from PRIMS and 174 from POPARTMUS. In total, 156 women (40%) had neuraxial analgesia. Overall, 24% experienced a relapse during pregnancy and 25% in the 3 months post-partum. Women with a pregnancy relapse were more likely to have a post-partum relapse (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, p = 0.02), independently of the use of neuraxial analgesia. There was no association between neuraxial analgesia and post-partum relapse (OR = 1.08, p = 0.78). Conclusion: Neuraxial analgesia was not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses, whatever multiple sclerosis (MS) activity during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lavie
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Rollot
- Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP),
Lyon, France
| | | | - Romain Marignier
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France/Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon,
INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-Oncologie et Neuro-Inflammation, Lyon, France;
Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Iuliana Ionescu
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Casey
- Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP),
Lyon, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Department of Neurology, EA4184, University Hospital of
Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Michael Hutchinson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College
Dublin, Dublin, Ireland/Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s University Hospital,
Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie Béatrice D’Hooghe
- National MS Center Melsbroek, Melsbroek, Belgium; Center
for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussel, Belgium
| | - David-Axel Laplaud
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Nantes, CIC015 INSERM,
Nantes, France/INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Clavelou
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand,
Clermont-Ferrand, France/INSERM UMR1107, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne,
Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérôme De Sèze
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Investigation Center
INSERM 1434, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, FMTS INSERM 1119, Strasbourg,
France
| | - Marc Debouverie
- EA 4360 APEMAC, University of Lorraine, Nancy,
France/Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - David Brassat
- Pôle Neurosciences, CHU Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse,
France/INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de
Neurosciences Cliniques, AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France/CNRS,
Aix-Marseille Université, CRMBM UMR7339, Marseille, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Le Page
- Clinical Neuroscience Centre, CIC-P 1414 INSERM, Rennes
University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Eric Berger
- Department of Neurology, CHU Besançon, Besançon,
France
| | - Patrick Hautecoeur
- Service de Neurologie, Groupement des Hôpitaux de
l’Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Heinzlef
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital CHI de
Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France
| | - Luca Durelli
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and
Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital,
Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and
Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital,
Orbassano, Italy
| | - Maria Trojano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and
Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Patti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, and Advanced
Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Catania, Catania,
Italy
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France/Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques
(OFSEP), Lyon, France/Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS
UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-Oncologie et Neuro-Inflammation, Lyon, France/Université de Lyon
1, Lyon, France
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Marinova M, Strunk HM, Rauch M, Henseler J, Clarens T, Brüx L, Dolscheid-Pommerich R, Conrad R, Cuhls H, Radbruch L, Schild HH, Mücke M. [High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for tumor pain relief in inoperable pancreatic cancer : Evaluation with the pain sensation scale (SES)]. Schmerz 2018; 31:31-39. [PMID: 27402264 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-016-0140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in combination with palliative standard therapy is an innovative and effective treatment option for pain reduction in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the effects of additive ultrasound (US)-guided HIFU treatment in inoperable pancreatic cancer on the sensory and affective pain perception using validated questionnaries. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study 20 patients with locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer and tumor-related pain were treated by US-guided HIFU (6 stage III, 12 stage IV according to UICC and 2 with local recurrence after surgery). Ablation was performed using the JC HIFU system (HAIFU, Chongqing, China) with an ultrasonic device for real-time imaging. Clinical assessment included evaluation of pain severity using validated questionnaires with particular attention to the pain sensation scale (SES) with its affective and sensory component and the numeric rating scale (NRS). RESULTS The average pain reduction after HIFU was 2.87 points on the NRS scale and 57.3 % compared to the mean baseline score (n = 15, 75 %) in 19 of 20 treated patients. Four patients did not report pain relief, however, the previous opioid medication could be stopped (n = 2) or the analgesic dosage could be reduced (n = 2). No pain reduction was achieved in one patient. Furthermore, after HIFU emotional as well as sensory pain aspects were significantly reduced (before vs. 1 week after HIFU, p < 0.05 for all pain scales). CONCLUSION US-guided HIFU can be used for effective and early pain relief and reduction of emotional and sensory pain sensation in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marinova
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Siegmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - H M Strunk
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Siegmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - M Rauch
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Siegmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - J Henseler
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Siegmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - T Clarens
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Siegmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - L Brüx
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Siegmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - R Dolscheid-Pommerich
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - R Conrad
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - H Cuhls
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - L Radbruch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - H H Schild
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Siegmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - M Mücke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Bonn, Deutschland
- Institut für Hausarztmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Bonn, Deutschland
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Hadizadeh D, Jost G, Keil V, Marx C, Rauch M, Schmeel F, Pietsch H, Schild H, Willinek W. Intra-individuelle quantitative und qualitative Bolus-Analyse von Dreiphasen-3D- und 4D-MRA mit Gadobutrol und Gadoterate Meglumine bei 1,5T und 3Tesla bei Minipigs. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G Jost
- Bayer Pharma AG, MR und CT Kontrastmittel-Forschung, Berlin
| | - V Keil
- Universität Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | - C Marx
- Universität Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | - M Rauch
- Universität Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | | | - H Pietsch
- Bayer Pharma AG, MR und CT Kontrastmittel-Forschung, Berlin
| | - H Schild
- Universität Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | - W Willinek
- Krankenhaus der barmherzigen Brüder Trier, Radiologie, Neuroradiologie, Sonografie und Nuklearmedizin, Trier
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Meier-Schroers M, Marx C, Schmeel F, Rauch M, Wolter K, Block W, Sprinkart A, Träber F, Willinek W, Schild H, Kukuk G. MultiVane XD für T2-gewichtete MRT-Aufnahmen der Prostata bei 3 Tesla: Auswirkungen auf die Abgrenzbarkeit von Läsionen, auf die PI-RADS-Klassifikation und auf Artefakte und Bildqualität. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C Marx
- Uniklinik Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | | | - M Rauch
- Uniklinik Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | - K Wolter
- Uniklinik Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | - W Block
- Uniklinik Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | | | - F Träber
- Uniklinik Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | - W Willinek
- Brüderkrankenhaus Trier, Radiologie, Neuroradiologie, Sonografie und Nuklearmedizin, Trier
| | - H Schild
- Uniklinik Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
| | - G Kukuk
- Uniklinik Bonn, Radiologie, Bonn
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Moulder S, Hess K, Rauch M, Astrada B, Litton J, Mittendorf E, Ueno N, Tripathy D, Lim B, Piwnica-Worms H, Thompson A, Symmans WF. Abstract OT2-01-22: NCT02456857: A phase II trial of liposomal doxorubicin, bevacizumab and everolimus (DAE) in patients (pts) with localized triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with tumors predicted insensitive to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-ot2-01-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Approximately 50% of TNBC pts treated with standard taxane/anthracycline-based NACT will have chemo-insensitive disease (CID) manifested as extensive residual disease (RCB-II or III) at the time of surgery. 40-80% of these pts will develop recurrence within 3 years of initial diagnosis. Recent advances in molecular profiling have identified subsets of TNBC with distinct, targetable molecular features. We developed a clinical trial to identify and characterize CID (ARTEMIS: A Randomized, TNBC Enrolling trial to confirm Molecular profiling Improves Survival). In the ARTEMIS trial, treatment naïve pts with localized TNBC undergo a pretreatment biopsy and then immediately start their initial phase of anthracycline-based chemotherapy so that the results of the molecular characterization are used in combination with response assessment (clinical exam/diagnostic imaging) to identify CID and inform the second phase of NACT, thus using a 'second hit' strategy in the middle of NACT to overcome drug resistance. The mesenchymal subtypes of TNBC have a high incidence of PI3K pathway activation. Preclinical models demonstrated response to PI3K inhibitors in this subtype. Metaplastic breast cancers make up ∼30% of tumors characterized as 'claudin-low/mesenchymal' by gene signature and are also associated with a high rate of PI3K activating molecular aberrations. A combination regimen of liposomal doxorubicin, bevacizumab and the mTOR inhibitors temsirolimus or everolimus (DAT or DAE) demonstrated response (including durable complete responses) in metastatic metaplastic breast cancer.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Determine the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR/RCB-0) or minimal residual disease (RCB-I) after 4 cycles of DAE for treatment of mesenchymal TNBC deemed to be CID through the ARTEMIS trial
TRIAL DESIGN AND STATISTICAL METHODS: Only pts deemed to have mesenchymal CID on the ARTEMIS trial can enter this non-randomized phase II study. Realizing that pts without response to their initial cycles of chemotherapy have very low chance (5%) of achieving pCR with additional cycles of chemotherapy, it would be clinically meaningful to see pCR in this pt population improved to 20%. Counting pCR (RCB-0) or RCB-I as response, a two-stage Gehan-type design will be employed with 14 pts in the first stage. If at least one pt responds, 23 more pts will be added for a total of 37 pts. This design has a 49% chance of terminating after the first stage if the true response rate is 0.05, 23% chance if the true rate is 0.10, 10% if the true rate is 0.15 and 4% if the true rate is 0.20. If accrual continues to the second stage and a total of 37 pts are enrolled, the 95% confidence interval for a 0.20 response rate will extend from 0.10 to 0.35.
BRIEF ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Inclusion: localized TNBC enrolled onto ARTEMIS trial, adequate organ, bone marrow and cardiac parameters Exclusion: metastatic disease, pregnant or lactating pts, medical illness that increases chance of moderate to severe toxicity
CORRELATIVE SCIENCE: Correlate vimentin expression by IHC, mesenchymal signatures and PI3K pathway aberrations with response.
Citation Format: Moulder S, Hess K, Rauch M, Astrada B, Litton J, Mittendorf E, Ueno N, Tripathy D, Lim B, Piwnica-Worms H, Thompson A, Symmans WF. NCT02456857: A phase II trial of liposomal doxorubicin, bevacizumab and everolimus (DAE) in patients (pts) with localized triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with tumors predicted insensitive to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-01-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moulder
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - K Hess
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - M Rauch
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - B Astrada
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - J Litton
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - N Ueno
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - D Tripathy
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - B Lim
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - A Thompson
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - WF Symmans
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center
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Homsi R, Gieseke J, Luetkens J, Kupczyk P, Maedler B, Kukuk G, Träber F, Agha B, Rauch M, Rajakaruna N, Willinek W, Schild H, Hadizadeh D. Three-Dimensional Isotropic Fat-Suppressed Proton Density-Weighted MRI at 3 Tesla Using a T/R-Coil Can Replace Multiple Plane Two-Dimensional Sequences in Knee Imaging. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2016; 188:949-56. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Homsi
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - J. Luetkens
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Kupczyk
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - G. Kukuk
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Träber
- Center for Radiology, Neuroradiology, Sonography and Nuclear Medicine, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brueder Trier, Germany
| | - B. Agha
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Rauch
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - N. Rajakaruna
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - W. Willinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - H. Schild
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - D. Hadizadeh
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
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Strunk HM, Henseler J, Rauch M, Mücke M, Kukuk G, Cuhls H, Radbruch L, Zhang L, Schild HH, Marinova M. Clinical Use of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) for Tumor and Pain Reduction in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2016; 188:662-70. [PMID: 27272685 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) used for the first time in Germany in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer for reduction of tumor volume and relief of tumor-associated pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS 15 patients with locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer and tumor-related pain symptoms were treated by HIFU (n = 6 UICC stage III, n = 9 UICC stage IV). 13 patients underwent simultaneous standard chemotherapy. Ablation was performed using the JC HIFU system (Chongqing, China HAIFU Company) with an ultrasonic device for real-time imaging. Imaging follow-up (US, CT, MRI) and clinical assessment using validated questionnaires (NRS, BPI) was performed before and up to 15 months after HIFU. RESULTS Despite biliary or duodenal stents (4/15) and encasement of visceral vessels (15/15), HIFU treatment was performed successfully in all patients. Treatment time and sonication time were 111 min and 1103 s, respectively. The applied total energy was 386 768 J. After HIFU ablation, contrast-enhanced imaging showed devascularization of treated tumor regions with a significant average volume reduction of 63.8 % after 3 months. Considerable pain relief was achieved in 12 patients after HIFU (complete or partial pain reduction in 6 patients). CONCLUSION US-guided HIFU with a suitable acoustic pathway can be used for local tumor control and relief of tumor-associated pain in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. KEY POINTS • US-guided HIFU allows an additive treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer.• HIFU can be used for tumor volume reduction.• Using HIFU, a significant reduction of cancer-related pain was achieved.• HIFU provides clinical benefit in patients with pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: • Strunk HM, Henseler J, Rauch M et al. Clinical Use of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) for Tumor and Pain Reduction in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2016; 188: 662 - 670.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Rauch
- Department of Radiology, Medical School & Hospital, University of Bonn
| | - M Mücke
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical School & Hospital, University of Bonn
| | - G Kukuk
- Department of Radiology, Medical School & Hospital, University of Bonn
| | - H Cuhls
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical School & Hospital, University of Bonn
| | - L Radbruch
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical School & Hospital, University of Bonn
| | - L Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineeríng, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - H H Schild
- Department of Radiology, Medical School & Hospital, University of Bonn
| | - M Marinova
- Department of Radiology, Medical School & Hospital, University of Bonn
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Kosulin K, Geiger E, Vécsei A, Huber WD, Rauch M, Brenner E, Wrba F, Hammer K, Innerhofer A, Pötschger U, Lawitschka A, Matthes-Leodolter S, Fritsch G, Lion T. Persistence and reactivation of human adenoviruses in the gastrointestinal tract. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:381.e1-381.e8. [PMID: 26711435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of persistent human adenoviruses (HAdVs) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Although invasive HAdV infections mainly arise from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the specific sites of HAdV persistence are not well characterised. We prospectively screened biopsies from 143 non-HSCT paediatric patients undergoing GI endoscopy and monitored serial stool specimens from 148 paediatric HSCT recipients for the presence of HAdV by real-time PCR. Persistence of HAdV in the GI tract was identified in 31% of children, with the highest prevalence in the terminal ileum. In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry identified HAdV persistence in lymphoid cells of the lamina propria, whereas biopsies from five transplant recipients revealed high numbers of replicating HAdV in intestinal epithelial cells. The prevalence of HAdV species, the frequencies of persistence in the GI tract and reactivations post transplant indicated a correlation of intestinal HAdV shedding pre-transplant with high risk of invasive infection. HAdV persistence in the GI tract is a likely origin of infectious complications in immunocompromised children. Intestinal lymphocytes represent a reservoir for HAdV persistence and reactivation, whereas the intestinal epithelium is the main site of viral proliferation preceding dissemination. The findings have important implications for assessing the risk of life-threatening invasive HAdV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kosulin
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Geiger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Vécsei
- St Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - W-D Huber
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Rauch
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Brenner
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Wrba
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Hammer
- St Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - U Pötschger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - G Fritsch
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Lion
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Serricchio M, Schmid AW, Steinmann ME, Sigel E, Rauch M, Julkowska D, Bonnefoy S, Fort C, Bastin P, Bütikofer P. Flagellar membranes are rich in raft-forming phospholipids. Biol Open 2015; 4:1143-53. [PMID: 26276100 PMCID: PMC4582118 DOI: 10.1242/bio.011957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that the membranes of flagella are enriched in sterols and sphingolipids has led to the hypothesis that flagella might be enriched in raft-forming lipids. However, a detailed lipidomic analysis of flagellar membranes is not available. Novel protocols to detach and isolate intact flagella from Trypanosoma brucei procyclic forms in combination with reverse-phase liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry allowed us to determine the phospholipid composition of flagellar membranes relative to whole cells. Our analyses revealed that phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, ceramide and the sphingolipids inositol phosphorylceramide and sphingomyelin are enriched in flagella relative to whole cells. In contrast, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol are strongly depleted in flagella. Within individual glycerophospholipid classes, we observed a preference for ether-type over diacyl-type molecular species in membranes of flagella. Our study provides direct evidence for a preferential presence of raft-forming phospholipids in flagellar membranes of T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Serricchio
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Adrien W Schmid
- Proteomics Core Facility, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael E Steinmann
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Erwin Sigel
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Monika Rauch
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Daria Julkowska
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute and INSERM U1201, Paris 75015, France
| | - Serge Bonnefoy
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute and INSERM U1201, Paris 75015, France
| | - Cécile Fort
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute and INSERM U1201, Paris 75015, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute and INSERM U1201, Paris 75015, France
| | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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Marinova M, Rauch M, Schild HH, Strunk HM. Novel Non-invasive Treatment With High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU). Ultraschall Med 2015; 37:46-55. [PMID: 26251996 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1553318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is not only used for diagnostic purposes but it also can be applied therapeutically so far that nowadays high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) even represents a novel non-invasive treatment modality for various solid tumors. HIFU works by causing selectively deep tissue destruction of target lesions within the body without harming adjacent and overlying structures. In this article, we present an overview on both the mode of action and requirements for a HIFU treatment as well as on the safety and the current status of indications and possible applications with regard to benign and malignant gynecological diseases. Based on numerous studies and original articles, HIFU proved to be an effective and low-risk treatment option particularly for uterine fibroids and adenomyosis, but it also seems to be effective for breast fibroadenomas or even for breast cancer in special cases and other rare entities.
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Marinova M, Rauch M, Lakghomi A, Henseler J, Zhang L, Schild H, Strunk H. Nicht-invasive Tumorablation mit hoch-intensivem fokussierten Ultraschall (HIFU): erste klinische Therapieerfahrungen bei Patienten mit inoperablem Pankreaskarzinom. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1551340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Strunk H, Meier M, Schild H, Rauch M. Embolisation der Testikularvenen zur Behandlung der benignen Prostatahyperplasie – eine Zwischenbilanz. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1551444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Strunk H, Meier M, Schild H, Rauch M. Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Occlusion of the Impaired Urogenital Venous System – First Experience. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014; 187:180-6. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Weller M, Thiel E, Martus P, Mohle R, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Roeth A, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Junghanss C, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Pietsch T, Roth P, Bamberg M, Korfel A. AT-59 * HIGH-DOSE MTX-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY FOR PRIMARY CNS LYMPHOMA: WITH OR WITHOUT WHOLE BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY? FINAL ANALYSIS OF G-PCNSL-SG-1. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou237.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lenz K, Dieplinger B, Buder R, Piringer P, Rauch M, Voglmayr M. Successful treatment of partial portal vein thrombosis (PVT) with low dose rivaroxaban. Z Gastroenterol 2014; 52:1175-7. [PMID: 25313630 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In a 63-year-old cirrhotic patient, recanalisation of a partial portal vein thrombosis was achieved by a low dose of rivaroxaban (10 mg daily). After anticoagulant therapy was stopped, partial vein thrombosis recurred. Restarting rivaroxaban at a dose of 10 mg led to recanalisation. The patient did not suffer any complications; in particular no bleeding occurred during 8 months of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lenz
- Internal and Intensive Care Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Linz
| | - B Dieplinger
- Central Laboratory, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Linz
| | - R Buder
- Internal and Intensive Care Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Linz
| | - P Piringer
- Internal and Intensive Care Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Linz
| | - M Rauch
- Radiology, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Linz
| | - M Voglmayr
- Internal and Intensive Care Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Linz
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Arshad M, Patrat-Delon SD, L’Helgoualc’h A, Rauch M, Lucas-Clerc CC, Girard JP, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M. P094 NKT cells and TRAIL induce hepatocyte IL-33 in murine acute hepatitis. Cytokine 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Korfel A, Weller M, Martus P, Roth P, Klasen HA, Roeth A, Rauch M, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Hundsberger T, Leithäuser M, Birnbaum T, Kirchen H, Mergenthaler HG, Schubert J, Berdel W, Birkmann J, Hummel M, Thiel E, Fischer L. Prognostic impact of meningeal dissemination in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL): experience from the G-PCNSL-SG1 trial. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2374-2380. [PMID: 22396446 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the frequency and prognostic impact of meningeal dissemination (MD) in immunocompetent adult patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma treated in a randomized phase III trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS MD was evaluated at study entry and defined by lymphoma proof in the meningeal compartment detected by at least one of the following methods: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytomorphology, detection of clonal B cells by IgH PCR in CSF or contrast enhancement of the leptomeninges on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Data on MD were available in 415 patients, of those, MD was detected in 65 (15.7%): in 44/361 (12.2%) by CSF cytomorphology, in 16/152 (10.5%) by PCR and in 17/415 (4.1%) by MRI. Major patients' characteristics and therapy did not significantly differ between patients with MD (MD+) versus those without MD (MD-). There was a significant correlation of MD with CSF pleocytosis (>5/μl; P < 0.0001), but no correlation with CSF protein elevation (>45 mg/dl). Median progression-free survival was 6.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 0-14.5] in MD+ and 8.3 months (5.7-10.8) in MD- patients (P = 0.95); median overall survival was 21.5 months (95% CI 16.8-26.1) and 24.9 months (17.5-32.3), respectively (P = 0.98). CONCLUSION MD was detected infrequently and had no impact on outcome in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Korfel
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen
| | - P Martus
- Institute of Biostatistics, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen; Institute of Biostatistics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen
| | - P Roth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen
| | - H A Klasen
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Pius Hospital, Oldenburg
| | - A Roeth
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen
| | - M Rauch
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Bielefeld
| | - B Hertenstein
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Klinikum Bremen Mitte, Bremen
| | - T Fischer
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - T Hundsberger
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - M Leithäuser
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock
| | - T Birnbaum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich
| | - H Kirchen
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Hospital Trier, Trier
| | - H-G Mergenthaler
- Department of Oncology & Hematology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart
| | - J Schubert
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Minden, Minden
| | - W Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster
| | - J Birkmann
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Hospital Nürnberg, Nürnberg
| | - M Hummel
- Department of Pathology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charite Berlin, Germany
| | - E Thiel
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Fischer
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gonzalez-Salgado A, Steinmann ME, Greganova E, Rauch M, Mäser P, Sigel E, Bütikofer P. myo-Inositol uptake is essential for bulk inositol phospholipid but not glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis in Trypanosoma brucei. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13313-23. [PMID: 22351763 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.344812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
myo-Inositol is an essential precursor for the production of inositol phosphates and inositol phospholipids in all eukaryotes. Intracellular myo-inositol is generated by de novo synthesis from glucose 6-phosphate or is provided from the environment via myo-inositol symporters. We show that in Trypanosoma brucei, the causative pathogen of human African sleeping sickness and nagana in domestic animals, myo-inositol is taken up via a specific proton-coupled electrogenic symport and that this transport is essential for parasite survival in culture. Down-regulation of the myo-inositol transporter using RNA interference inhibited uptake of myo-inositol and blocked the synthesis of the myo-inositol-containing phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol and inositol phosphorylceramide; in contrast, it had no effect on glycosylphosphatidylinositol production. This together with the unexpected localization of the myo-inositol transporter in both the plasma membrane and the Golgi demonstrate that metabolism of endogenous and exogenous myo-inositol in T. brucei is strictly segregated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Gonzalez-Salgado
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Martus P, Jahnke K, Korfel A, Rose T, Fischer L, Moehle R, Klasen HA, Rauch M, Roeth A, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler H, Leithäuser M, Birnbaum T, Herrlinger U, Schubert J, Birkmann J, Weller M, Thiel E. Prognostic factors for chemotherapy-related toxicity in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) treated with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with or without ifosfamide: Results from a German phase III trial (G-PCNSL-SG-1). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jahnke K, Korfel A, Martus P, Lokka S, Moehle R, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Roeth A, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler H, Leithäuser M, Birnbaum T, Herrlinger U, Schubert J, Florschütz A, Fischer L, Weller M, Thiel E. Prognostic factors for response and survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from a randomized phase III trial (G-PCNSL-SG-1). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Korfel A, Fischer L, Martus P, Moehle R, Klasen HA, Rauch M, Roeth A, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Mergenthaler H, Hundsberger T, Leithäuser M, Birnbaum T, Florschütz A, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Weller M, Thiel E. Impact of meningeal dissemination (MD) on outcome in primary CNS lymphoma in the G-PCNSL-SG1 trial. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Lichtenauer M, Werba G, Mildner M, Hasun M, Baumgartner A, Nickl S, Mitterbauer A, Rauch M, Zimmermann M, Podesser B, Klepetko W, Ankersmit H. 258 Administration of Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) Preserves Cardiac Function after Experimental Myocardial Infarction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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27
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Thiel E, Korfel A, Martus P, Kanz L, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Fischer L, Pietsch T, Bamberg M, Weller M. Should whole-brain radiotherapy be considered standard of care in newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma? The G-PCNSL-SG1 randomized phase IV trial. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Nath P, Nelson B, Davoudiasl H, Dutta B, Feldman D, Liu Z, Han T, Langacker P, Mohapatra R, Valle J, Pilaftsis A, Zerwas D, AbdusSalam S, Adam-Bourdarios C, Aguilar-Saavedra J, Allanach B, Altunkaynak B, Anchordoqui LA, Baer H, Bajc B, Buchmueller O, Carena M, Cavanaugh R, Chang S, Choi K, Csáki C, Dawson S, de Campos F, De Roeck A, Dührssen M, Éboli O, Ellis J, Flächer H, Goldberg H, Grimus W, Haisch U, Heinemeyer S, Hirsch M, Holmes M, Ibrahim T, Isidori G, Kane G, Kong K, Lafaye R, Landsberg G, Lavoura L, Lee JS, Lee SJ, Lisanti M, Lüst D, Magro M, Mahbubani R, Malinsky M, Maltoni F, Morisi S, Mühlleitner M, Mukhopadhyaya B, Neubert M, Olive K, Perez G, Pérez PF, Plehn T, Pontón E, Porod W, Quevedo F, Rauch M, Restrepo D, Rizzo T, Romão J, Ronga F, Santiago J, Schechter J, Senjanović G, Shao J, Spira M, Stieberger S, Sullivan Z, Tait TM, Tata X, Taylor T, Toharia M, Wacker J, Wagner C, Wang LT, Weiglein G, Zeppenfeld D, Zurek K. The Hunt for New Physics at the Large Hadron Collider. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Lion T, Kosulin K, Landlinger C, Rauch M, Preuner S, Jugovic D, Pötschger U, Lawitschka A, Peters C, Fritsch G, Matthes-Martin S. Monitoring of adenovirus load in stool by real-time PCR permits early detection of impending invasive infection in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Leukemia 2010; 24:706-14. [PMID: 20147979 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Invasive adenovirus (AdV) infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. We observed that molecular detection of the virus in stool specimens commonly precedes AdV viremia, suggesting that intestinal infections may represent a common source of virus dissemination. To address this notion, we have investigated 153 consecutive allogeneic transplantations in 138 pediatric patients by quantitative monitoring of AdV in stool specimens and peripheral blood by a pan-adenovirus real-time (RQ)-PCR approach. AdV was detectable in serial stool specimens in all cases of AdV viremia during the post-transplant course (P<0.0001). The incidence of AdV viremia in individuals with peak virus levels in stool specimens above 1 x 10E6 copies per gram (n=22) was 73% vs 0% in patients with AdV levels in stool specimens below this threshold (n=29; P<0.0001). Serial measurement of AdV levels in stool specimens by RQ-PCR permitted early diagnosis of impending invasive infection with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval (CI) 96-100%) and 83% (95% CI 67-92%), respectively. The median time span between detection of AdV loads in stool specimens above 1 x 10E6 copies per gram and first observation of viremia was 11 days (range 0-192). Quantitative monitoring of the AdV load in stool specimens therefore provides a rationale for early initiation of antiviral treatment with the aim of preventing progression to life-threatening invasive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lion
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.
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Signorell A, Rauch M, Jelk J, Ferguson MAJ, Bütikofer P. Phosphatidylethanolamine in Trypanosoma brucei is organized in two separate pools and is synthesized exclusively by the Kennedy pathway. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:23636-44. [PMID: 18587155 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803600200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine is a major phospholipid class of all eukaryotic cells. It can be synthesized via the CDP-ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway, by decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine, or by base exchange with phosphatidylserine. The contributions of these pathways to total phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis have remained unclear. Although Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of human and animal trypanosomiasis, has served as a model organism to elucidate the entire reaction sequence for glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis, the pathways for the synthesis of the major phospholipid classes have received little attention. We now show that disruption of the CDP-ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway using RNA interference results in dramatic changes in phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylcholine. By targeting individual enzymes of the pathway, we demonstrate that de novo phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in T. brucei procyclic forms is strictly dependent on the CDP-ethanolamine route. Interestingly, the last step in the Kennedy pathway can be mediated by two separate activities leading to two distinct pools of phosphatidylethanolamine, consisting of predominantly alk-1-enyl-acyl- or diacyl-type molecular species. In addition, we show that phosphatidylserine in T. brucei procyclic forms is synthesized exclusively by base exchange with phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aita Signorell
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, Bern, Switzerland
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31
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Signorell A, Jelk J, Rauch M, Bütikofer P. Phosphatidylethanolamine is the precursor of the ethanolamine phosphoglycerol moiety bound to eukaryotic elongation factor 1A. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20320-9. [PMID: 18499667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802430200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its conventional role during protein synthesis, eukaryotic elongation factor 1A is involved in other cellular processes. Several regions of interaction between eukaryotic elongation factor 1A and the translational apparatus or the cytoskeleton have been identified, yet the roles of the different post-translational modifications of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A are completely unknown. One amino acid modification, which so far has only been found in eukaryotic elongation factor 1A, consists of ethanolamine-phosphoglycerol attached to two glutamate residues that are conserved between mammals and plants. We now report that ethanolamine-phosphoglycerol is also present in eukaryotic elongation factor 1A of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, indicating that this unique protein modification is of ancient origin. In addition, using RNA-mediated gene silencing against enzymes of the Kennedy pathway, we demonstrate that phosphatidylethanolamine is a direct precursor of the ethanolamine-phosphoglycerol moiety. Down-regulation of the expression of ethanolamine kinase and ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase results in inhibition of phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in T. brucei procyclic forms and, concomitantly, in a block in glycosylphosphatidylinositol attachment to procyclins and ethanolamine-phosphoglycerol modification of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aita Signorell
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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32
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Hau P, Koch D, Hundsberger T, Marg E, Bauer B, Rudolph R, Rauch M, Brenner A, Rieckmann P, Schuth J, Jauch T, Koch H, Bogdahn U. Safety and feasibility of long-term temozolomide treatment in patients with high-grade glioma. Neurology 2007; 68:688-90. [PMID: 17325277 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000255937.27012.ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We surveyed neuro-oncologists regarding patients treated with temozolomide for at least 12 cycles or 12 months. Patients receiving first-line temozolomide for a median 13 cycles had a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 14 months. Patients with recurrent disease receiving a median 14 cycles had a median PFS of 15.5 months. A small percentage of patients experienced grade III to IV toxicity. These results suggest that long-term treatment with temozolomide is feasible and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hau
- Department of Neurology, District Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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33
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Rauch M, Léna H, Brinchault G, Leveiller G, Delaval P. 283 Rupture de prothèse endotrachéale : à propos de trois cas dans la trachéobronchomalacie. Rev Mal Respir 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(07)72659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Fox DB, Frail DA, Price PA, Kulkarni SR, Berger E, Piran T, Soderberg AM, Cenko SB, Cameron PB, Gal-Yam A, Kasliwal MM, Moon DS, Harrison FA, Nakar E, Schmidt BP, Penprase B, Chevalier RA, Kumar P, Roth K, Watson D, Lee BL, Shectman S, Phillips MM, Roth M, McCarthy PJ, Rauch M, Cowie L, Peterson BA, Rich J, Kawai N, Aoki K, Kosugi G, Totani T, Park HS, MacFadyen A, Hurley KC. The afterglow of GRB 050709 and the nature of the short-hard gamma-ray bursts. Nature 2005; 437:845-50. [PMID: 16208362 DOI: 10.1038/nature04189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The final chapter in the long-standing mystery of the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) centres on the origin of the short-hard class of bursts, which are suspected on theoretical grounds to result from the coalescence of neutron-star or black-hole binary systems. Numerous searches for the afterglows of short-hard bursts have been made, galvanized by the revolution in our understanding of long-duration GRBs that followed the discovery in 1997 of their broadband (X-ray, optical and radio) afterglow emission. Here we present the discovery of the X-ray afterglow of a short-hard burst, GRB 050709, whose accurate position allows us to associate it unambiguously with a star-forming galaxy at redshift z = 0.160, and whose optical lightcurve definitively excludes a supernova association. Together with results from three other recent short-hard bursts, this suggests that short-hard bursts release much less energy than the long-duration GRBs. Models requiring young stellar populations, such as magnetars and collapsars, are ruled out, while coalescing degenerate binaries remain the most promising progenitor candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Fox
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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Dupont M, Mignard S, Rauch M, Depatureaux A, Donnio P, Tattevin P, Michelet C. G-16 Intérêt de l'amplification de l'arn 16S pour le diagnostic de la maladie des griffes du chat. 4 observations. Med Mal Infect 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(04)90239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Ohlerth S, Busato A, Rauch M, Weber U, Lang J. Comparison of three distraction methods and conventional radiography for early diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia. J Small Anim Pract 2003; 44:524-9. [PMID: 14692548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2003.tb00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two radiographic distraction techniques (one employing a wooden lath and, the other, a PennHip distractor), an ultrasonographic distraction method and conventional radiographic Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) hip score were evaluated in eight-month-old Labrador retrievers to determine the most reliable method for predicting radiographic FCI hip score at the age of one year. With reference to the FCI hip score, sensitivity and specificity of the PennHip method were 100 per cent and 54 per cent; sensitivity and specificity of the lath technique were 85 per cent and 71 per cent; whereas they were 62 per cent and 67 per cent for the ultrasonographic method. For all distraction methods, the positive predictive value (PPV) was moderate and the negative predictive value (NPV) was high. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 100 per cent for the FCI hip score. It is concluded that, at the age of eight months, FCI hip score is the most reliable method for predicting FCI hip score at the age of one year in the colony of dogs investigated. Both the PennHip and lath method were also clinically reliable techniques in predicting true negatives. The ultrasonographic distraction method was moderately reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohlerth
- Section of Radiology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Bern, Langgasse 124, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
In the psychiatric clinic, delirious states are rare as the first symptoms of paraneoplastic syndrome, and the aetiology can only be clarified by consequent differential diagnostic efforts. We report the case of a 49-year-old man who was admitted to our psychiatric unit with delirium. Laboratory investigations showed hyponatraemia, serum hypo-osmolality, and urine hyperosmolality characterising the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIADH). As a paraneoplastic syndrome, SIADH is most frequently associated with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Whereas chest X-ray was negative, chest CT scan and bronchoscopy including histology revealed a SCLC at an early stage of limited disease. Early oncological therapy made it possible for our patient to return to work with a satisfactory quality of life. Twenty-one months after first admission, he died as a result of recurrent SCLC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Günther
- Zentrum für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Krankenanstalten Gilead, Bethel, Bielefeld.
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38
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Sunn N, Egli M, Burazin TCD, Burns P, Colvill L, Davern P, Denton DA, Oldfield BJ, Weisinger RS, Rauch M, Schmid HA, McKinley MJ. Circulating relaxin acts on subfornical organ neurons to stimulate water drinking in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:1701-6. [PMID: 11830674 PMCID: PMC122254 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.022647699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin, a peptide hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during pregnancy, exerts actions on reproductive tissues such as the pubic symphysis, uterus, and cervix. It may also influence body fluid balance by actions on the brain to stimulate thirst and vasopressin secretion. We mapped the sites in the brain that are activated by i.v. infusion of a dipsogenic dose of relaxin (25 microg/h) by immunohistochemically detecting Fos expression. Relaxin administration resulted in increased Fos expression in the subfornical organ (SFO), organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), median preoptic nucleus, and magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Ablation of the SFO abolished relaxin-induced water drinking, but did not prevent increased Fos expression in the OVLT, supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei. Although ablation of the OVLT did not inhibit relaxin-induced drinking, it did cause a large reduction in Fos expression in the supraoptic nucleus and posterior magnocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus. In vitro single-unit recording of electrical activity of neurons in isolated slices of the SFO showed that relaxin (10(-7) M) added to the perfusion medium caused marked and prolonged increase in neuronal activity. Most of these neurons also responded to 10(-7) M angiotensin II. The data indicate that blood-borne relaxin can directly stimulate neurons in the SFO to initiate water drinking. It is likely that circulating relaxin also stimulates neurons in the OVLT that influence vasopressin secretion. These two circumventricular organs that lack a blood-brain barrier may have regulatory influences on fluid balance during pregnancy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sunn
- Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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39
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Hubbard C, Singleton D, Rauch M, Jayasinghe S, Cafiso D, Castle D. The secretory carrier membrane protein family: structure and membrane topology. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:2933-47. [PMID: 10982391 PMCID: PMC14966 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.9.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are integral membrane proteins found in secretory and endocytic carriers implicated to function in membrane trafficking. Using expressed sequence tag database and library screens and DNA sequencing, we have characterized several new SCAMPs spanning the plant and animal kingdoms and have defined a broadly conserved protein family. No obvious fungal homologue has been identified, however. We have found that SCAMPs share several structural motifs. These include NPF repeats, a leucine heptad repeat enriched in charged residues, and a proline-rich SH3-like and/or WW domain-binding site in the N-terminal domain, which is followed by a membrane core containing four putative transmembrane spans and three amphiphilic segments that are the most highly conserved structural elements. All SCAMPs are 32-38 kDa except mammalian SCAMP4, which is approximately 25 kDa and lacks most of the N-terminal hydrophilic domain of other SCAMPs. SCAMP4 is authentic as determined by Northern and Western blotting, suggesting that this portion of the larger SCAMPs encodes the functional domain. Focusing on SCAMP1, we have characterized its structure further by limited proteolysis and Western blotting with the use of isolated secretory granules as a uniformly oriented source of antigen and by topology mapping through expression of alkaline phosphatase gene fusions in Escherichia coli. Results show that SCAMP1 is degraded sequentially from the N terminus and then the C terminus, yielding an approximately 20-kDa membrane core that contains four transmembrane spans. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to the three conserved amphiphilic segments of the membrane core, we have demonstrated their binding to phospholipid membranes and shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy that the central amphiphilic segment linking transmembrane spans 2 and 3 is alpha-helical. In the intact protein, these segments are likely to reside in the cytoplasm-facing membrane interface. The current model of SCAMP1 suggests that the N and C termini form the cytoplasmic surface of the protein overlying a membrane core, which contains a functional domain located at the cytoplasmic interface with little exposure of the protein on the ectodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hubbard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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40
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Abstract
Orexins, also named hypocretins, are newly described neuropeptides, which are produced almost exclusively in neurons of the lateral hypothalamus and have been shown to increase food intake after intracerebroventricular injection. Leptin, the ob-gene product released from white adipocytes, is suspected to reduce food intake mainly by acting on neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Application of orexin A activated 85% (66 out of 78) of all neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus investigated electrophysiologically in an in vitro slice preparation, by a direct excitatory postsynaptic effect. Leptin inhibited electrical activity in 10 out of 22 orexin-sensitive neurons in this brain region and excited only 3 neurons. These data give the first indication as to where and how orexin might interact with the leptin-responsive hypothalamic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rauch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physiologische und Klinische Forschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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41
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Sieb JP, Kraner S, Rauch M, Steinlein OK. Immature end-plates and utrophin deficiency in congenital myasthenic syndrome caused by epsilon-AChR subunit truncating mutations. Hum Genet 2000; 107:160-4. [PMID: 11030414 DOI: 10.1007/s004390000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are inborn disorders due to presynaptic, synaptic, or postsynaptic defects of neuromuscular transmission. Some previously described kinships with typical signs of CMS showed a marked deficiency of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and utrophin at the neuromuscular junctions. Additionally, the end-plate ultrastructure was immature, with reduced enfolding of the postsynaptic membrane. In two such families, we found truncating mutations of the epsilon-AChR subunit. In family 1, both affected siblings were heteroallelic for a epsilon911delT and a epsilonIVS4+1G-->A mutation within the AChR epsilon-subunit gene (CHRNE). In the affected member of family 2, a epsilon1030delC mutation and a previously described epsilonR64X mutation were found. These deleterious epsilonAChR mutations not only result in AChR deficiency, but also affect end-plate maturation, including the formation of secondary synaptic clefts during ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Sieb
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), is one of the earliest and best-known markers of Sertoli cell differentiation and is expressed until around puberty. The present study is aimed at the better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in testicular development and establishment of adult functions with regards to AMH regulation. We found, within the mouse AMH promoter, putative GATA motifs (A/T)GATA(A/G), known to be specifically bound by members of the GATA transcription factor family. We then carried out RNase protection assays and immunohistochemical techniques aimed at comparing precisely the chronological expression patterns of AMH and GATA-1, this latter being expressed in the testis after birth. Using both approaches we found an inverse and close relationship between AMH and GATA-1 mRNA and protein expression during the pre-pubertal period. These results allowed us to define a transitory 4-5-day period, starting from 3 dpp when both proteins are heterogeneously expressed in Sertoli cells and showed that the appearance of GATA-1 is associated with the decrease of AMH expression in these cells. Furthermore DNA-protein interaction in in vitro studies showed first that GATA-1 binds with various affinities on sites found in the AMH promoter and second that the proximity of the two strongest affinity sites leads to a synergistic binding effect. Altogether, the present study suggests that GATA-1 participates in AMH gene repression during the pre-pubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Beau
- GERM/INSERM U. 435, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, Bretagne, France
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43
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Makinen M, Waters H, Rauch M, Almagambetova N, Bitran R, Gilson L, McIntyre D, Pannarunothai S, Prieto AL, Ubilla G, Ram S. Inequalities in health care use and expenditures: empirical data from eight developing countries and countries in transition. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78:55-65. [PMID: 10686733 PMCID: PMC2560608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes eight country studies of inequality in the health sector. The analyses use household data to examine the distribution of service use and health expenditures. Each study divides the population into "income" quintiles, estimated using consumption expenditures. The studies measure inequality in the use of and spending on health services. Richer groups are found to have a higher probability of obtaining care when sick, to be more likely to be seen by a doctor, and to have a higher probability of receiving medicines when they are ill, than the poorer groups. The richer also spend more in absolute terms on care. In several instances there are unexpected findings. There is no consistent pattern in the use of private providers. Richer households do not devote a consistently higher percentage of their consumption expenditures to health care. The analyses indicate that intuition concerning inequalities could result in misguided decisions. It would thus be worthwhile to measure inequality to inform policy-making. Additional research could be performed using a common methodology for the collection of data and applying more sophisticated analytical techniques. These analyses could be used to measure the impact of health policy changes on inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makinen
- Abt Associates Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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44
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Bubert A, Hein I, Rauch M, Lehner A, Yoon B, Goebel W, Wagner M. Detection and differentiation of Listeria spp. by a single reaction based on multiplex PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:4688-92. [PMID: 10508109 PMCID: PMC91627 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.10.4688-4692.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The iap gene encodes the protein p60, which is common to all Listeria species. A previous comparison of the DNA sequences indicated conserved and species-specific gene portions. Based on these comparisons, a combination consisting of only five different primers that allows the specific detection and differentiation of Listeria species with a single multiplex PCR and subsequent gel analysis was selected. One primer was derived from the conserved 3' end and is specific for all Listeria species; the other four primers are specific for Listeria monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. grayi, or the three grouped species L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, and L. welshimeri, respectively. The PCR method, which also enables the simultaneous detection of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua, was evaluated against conventional biotyping with 200 food hygiene-relevant Listeria strains. The results indicated the superiority of this technique. Thus, this novel type of multiplex PCR may be useful for rapid Listeria species confirmation and for identification of Listeria species for strains isolated from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bubert
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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45
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Abstract
Using extracellular electrophysiological recording in an in vitro slice preparation, we investigated whether ANG I can be locally converted to the functionally active ANG II within the rat subfornical organ (SFO). ANG I and ANG II (10(-8)-10(-7) M) excited approximately 75% of all neurons tested with both peptides (n = 25); the remainder were insensitive. The increase in firing rate and the duration and the latency of the responses of identical neurons, superfused with equimolar concentrations of ANG I and ANG II, were not different. The threshold concentrations of the ANG I- and ANG II-induced excitations were both 10(-9) M. Inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme by captopril (10(-4) M; n = 8) completely blocked the ANG I-induced excitation, a 10-fold lower dose was only effective in two of four neurons. The AT1-receptor antagonist losartan (10(-5) M; n = 6) abolished the excitation caused by ANG I and ANG II. Subcutaneous injections of equimolar doses of ANG I and ANG II (200 microliters; 2 x 10(-4) M) in water-sated rats similarly increased water intake by 2.4 +/- 0.5 (n = 16) and 2. 7 +/- 0.4 ml (n = 20) after 1 h, respectively. Control rats receiving saline drank 0.07 +/- 0.06 ml under these conditions. Pretreatment with a low dose of captopril (2.3 x 10(-3) M) 10 min before the injection of ANG I caused a water intake of 2.8 +/- 0.5 ml (n = 10), whereas a high dose of captopril (4.6 x 10(-1) M) suppressed the dipsogenic response of ANG I entirely (n = 11). These data provide direct functional evidence for an SFO-intrinsic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and underline the importance of the SFO as a central nervous interface connecting the peripheral with the central RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rauch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physiologische und Klinische Forschung, W. G. Kerckhoff-Institut, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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46
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Abstract
Amylin, a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic beta-cells after food intake, contributes to metabolic control by regulating nutrient influx into the blood, whereas insulin promotes nutrient efflux and storage. We now report that amylin activates neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO), a structure in which the lack of a functional blood-brain barrier and the presence of a high density of amylin receptors may render it accessible and sensitive to circulating amylin. In an in vitro slice preparation of the rat SFO, 73% of 78 neurons were excited by superfusion with rat amylin (10(-8)-10(-7) M); the remainder were insensitive. The threshold concentration for the excitatory response of amylin was <10(-8) M and thus similar in potency to a previously reported excitatory effect of ANG II on the same neurons. The excitatory effect of amylin was completely blocked by coapplication of the selective amylin receptor antagonist AC-187 (10(-6)-10(-5) M) but was not affected by losartan (10(-5) M). Subcutaneous injections of 40 nmol of amylin significantly increased water intake in euhydrated rats, as did an equimolar dose of ANG II, which is a well-described SFO-mediated effect of circulating ANG II. These results point to the SFO as a sensory central nervous target for amylin released systemically in response to metabolic changes. Furthermore, we suggest that amylin release during food intake may stimulate prandial drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Riediger
- Max-Planck-Institut für physiologische und klinische Forschung, W. G. Kerckhoff-Institut, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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47
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Heil M, Rauch M, Hennighausen E. Response preparation begins before mental rotation is finished: evidence from event-related brain potentials. Acta Psychol (Amst) 1998; 99:217-32. [PMID: 9708033 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6918(98)00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral data (response time (RT) and accuracy) and psychophysiological data (event-related brain potentials of ERPs, and lateralized readiness potential or LRP) were studied in an experiment in which rotated alphanumeric characters were presented normally or mirror-reversed. In half of the trials, character classification (letter versus digit) determined whether or not the response was to be executed (go versus nogo) and parity determined the responding hand. In the other half, classification determined the responding hand and parity determined go versus nogo. LRP data indicated that response preparation occurred before mental rotation was finished. These data contradict strictly sequential discrete models of information processing and suggest continuous flow of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heil
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
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48
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Abstract
In addition to the well-documented ability of calcitonin to lower blood calcium levels, blood-borne calcitonin may also affect neurons located outside the blood-brain barrier, e.g., in the subfornical organ (SFO), where numerous receptors for this peptide have been described. In an in vitro preparation of the rat SFO, calcitonin activated 61% of 36 neurons, only 1 neuron was inhibited, and the remainder were unresponsive. All but two of the neurons excited by 10(-7) M calcitonin were also stimulated by 10(-7) M ANG II. The threshold concentration for the excitatory effects of calcitonin was 10(-9) M and was thus similar to ANG II. Like ANG II, subcutaneous injection of calcitonin stimulated water intake, although to a lower extent. These results suggest that blood-borne calcitonin could stimulate drinking by its excitatory effect on neurons in the SFO. Calcitonin, which is released during food intake, might be involved in prandial drinking, which is presently considered an acquired behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Schmid
- Max Planck Institut fur Physiologische und Klinische Forschung, W. G. Kerckhoff Institut, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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49
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Krinke GJ, Classen W, Rauch M, Weber E. Optimal conduct of the neuropathology evaluation of organophosphorus induced delayed neuropathy in hens. Exp Toxicol Pathol 1997; 49:451-8. [PMID: 9495645 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(97)80133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility of various areas of the nervous system to TOCP (triorthocresyl phosphate) induced delayed neuropathy was assessed in groups of seven hens respectively, intoxicated with a single oral does of 500 or 1000 mg/kg body weight. 18 hens were used as negative controls. About 3 weeks after the treatment the hens were submitted to fixation by whole body perfusion and their nervous system processed either to paraffin sections stained with Bodian's silver stain and luxol counterstain, or to semi-thin plastic sections stained with toluidine blue. The examined areas were the cerebellum, the spinal cord at upper cervical, thoracic and lumbar level, the sciatic nerve, and the posterior tibial nerve. The extent of nerve fiber degeneration was assessed independently by two pathologists using a semiquantitative scoring system. The most susceptible areas were the cerebellum and the tibial nerve, followed by the upper cervical spinal cord. Within the cerebellum the nerve fibers in the rostral lobules, especially IV and Va, were affected. Whereas the resolution of plastic section was superior to that of paraffin sections in the cerebellum (mid-longitudinal level) and the spinal cord (transverse level), in the peripheral nerves the lesions were best recognized in the longitudinal, paraffin sections. There was very good agreement between both pathologists with respect to detection and grading of lesions in the most susceptible areas, but poor agreement in the areas of low susceptibility, indicating the danger of false results when lesions are not very distinct. In the susceptible areas the lesions induced with 500 mg/kg were sufficiently prominent, indicating that this dose-level is acceptable as positive control. In the hen nervous system, examination of the most susceptible areas, especially the rostral cerebellar lobules, appears to be suitable for detection of any kind of organophosphorus induced, delayed neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Krinke
- Crop Protection Toxicology, Ciba-Geigy AG, Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Reinkemeier M, Markowitsch HJ, Rauch M, Kessler J. Differential impairments in recalling people's names: a case study in search of neuroanatomical correlates. Neuropsychologia 1997; 35:677-84. [PMID: 9153030 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3932(96)00120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The case of a patient with selective left hemispheric medial and lateral temporal lobe damage is described. The patient was of slightly supra-average intelligence and had no problems in normal memory functions, but was severely anomic with respect to people's names. One month post-onset, this deficit held for names of colleagues and friends she had gotten to know during the last 10 years prior to the infarct and for all names confronted with post-infarct. On the other hand, learning of face-name associations was preserved and was independent of the ability to generate context-specific information for the subjects whose names were requested. The results support the existence of category-specific naming impairments, and, moreover, indicate a deficit that has to be differentiated with regard to memory systems. A time-limited, but prolonged engagement of interconnected left medial and adjacent lateral temporal lobe structures in ecphory is stressed for context-restricted information such as proper names.
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