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Shivakumar M, Welsh V, Bajpai R, Helliwell T, Mallen C, Robinson M, Shepherd T. Musculoskeletal disorders and pain in agricultural workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:235-247. [PMID: 37999798 PMCID: PMC10796632 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural workers constitute two-thirds of the population of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) and are at increased risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) due to high-risk activities. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesise the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of musculoskeletal pain amongst agricultural workers to identify priority areas for prevention and development of early interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis included Studies published from the inception of global electronic databases until 30 September 2022 were included. Prevalence estimates for MSDs among agricultural workers aged over 18 years in LMIC were extracted. Narrative synthesis summarized study findings and pooled estimates for 12-month pain prevalence were calculated. 7502 potential studies were identified. 64 studies (68,684 participants from 23 countries) were included in the systematic review; 33 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Low back pain was the most widely investigated symptom. The 12-month pooled prevalence of low back pain was highest in Africa [61.96% (45.69-76.22)] compared to Asia [54.16% (47.76-60.50)] and South/Central America [28.52%(10.91-50.33)]. Narrative synthesis found associations between MSDs, particular activities including heavy lifting and repetitive movements, and outcomes including reduced productivity. MSDs are common in agriculture workers in LMIC. Global prevalence of low back pain in farmers, particularly in Africa, is greater than in previously reported global prevalence in the general population. This may be attributed to environmental factors and high-risk activities which could be targeted for prevention and early intervention strategies to support individuals, prevent disability, and reduce loss of productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrithula Shivakumar
- Keele University, Keele, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Victoria Welsh
- Keele University, Keele, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Ram Bajpai
- Keele University, Keele, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Toby Helliwell
- Keele University, Keele, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Christian Mallen
- Keele University, Keele, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Michelle Robinson
- Keele University, Keele, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Thomas Shepherd
- Keele University, Keele, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
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Amrate PK, Shrivastava MK, Bhale MS, Agrawal N, Kumawat G, Shivakumar M, Nataraj V. Identification and genetic diversity analysis of high-yielding charcoal rot resistant soybean genotypes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8905. [PMID: 37264096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is one of the most devastating diseases in soybean in India. During 2018, 226 diverse soybean genotypes were evaluated for genetic resistance under hot-spot conditions. Out of them, a subset of 151 genotypes were selected based on Percent Disease Incidence (PDI) and better agronomic performance. Out of these 151 genotypes evaluated during 2019, 43 genotypes were selected based on PDI and superior agronomic performance for further field evaluation and molecular characterization. During 2020 and 2021, these forty-three genotypes, were evaluated for PDI, Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), and grain yield. In 2020, genotype JS 20-20 showed least PDI (0.42) and AUDPC (9.37).Highest grain yield was recorded by the genotype JS 21-05 (515.00 g). In 2021, genotype JS 20-20 exhibited least PDI (0.00) and AUDPC (0.00).Highest grain yield was recorded in JS 20-98 (631.66 g). Across both years, JS 20-20 had the least PDI (0.21) and AUDPC (4.68), while grain yield was highest in JS 20-98 (571.67 g). Through MGIDI (multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance) analysis, JS 21-05 (G19), JS 22-01 (G43), JS 20-98 (G28) and JS 20-20 (G21) were identified as the ideotypes with respect to the traits that were evaluated. Two unique alleles, Satt588 (100 bp) on linkage group K (Chromosome no 9) and Sat_218 (200 bp) on linkage group H (Chromosome no 12), were specific for thetwo resistant genotypes JS 21-71and DS 1318, respectively. Through cluster analysis, it was observed that the genotypes bred at Jabalpur were more genetically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K Amrate
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi VishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482004, India
| | - M K Shrivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi VishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482004, India
| | - M S Bhale
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi VishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482004, India
| | - Nisha Agrawal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001, India
| | - Giriraj Kumawat
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001, India
| | - M Shivakumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001, India
| | - Vennampally Nataraj
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001, India.
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Jayaraman D, Shivakumar M, Shanthaveerappa P. Ocular findings in patients with chronic kidney disease. TNOA J Ophthalmic Sci Res 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_39_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
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Grant RK, Jones GR, Plevris N, Lynch RW, Jenkinson PW, Lees CW, Manship TA, Jagger FAM, Brindle WM, Shivakumar M, Satsangi J, Arnott IDR. The ACE (Albumin, CRP and Endoscopy) Index in Acute Colitis: A Simple Clinical Index on Admission that Predicts Outcome in Patients With Acute Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:451-457. [PMID: 32572468 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous (IV) steroids remain the first-line treatment for patients with acute ulcerative colitis (UC). However, 30% of patients do not respond to steroids, requiring second-line therapy and/or surgery. There are no existing indices that allow physicians to predict steroid nonresponse at admission. We aimed to determine if admission biochemical and endoscopic values could predict response to IV steroids. METHODS All admissions for acute UC (ICD-10 K51) between November 1, 2011, and October 31, 2016 were identified. Case note review confirmed diagnosis; clinical, endoscopic, and laboratory data were collected. Steroid response was defined as discharge home with no further therapy for active UC. Nonresponse was defined as requirement for second-line therapy or surgery. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with steroid nonresponse. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-five acute UC admissions were identified, comprising both acute severe and acute nonsevere UC; 155 of the 235 patients (66.0%) responded to steroids. Admission C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.009, odds ratio [OR] 1.006), albumin (P < 0.001, OR 0.894) and endoscopic severity (P < 0.001, OR 3.166) differed significantly between responders and nonresponders. A simple UC severity score (area under the curve [AUC] 0.754, P < 0.001) was derived from these variables; 78.1% (25 of 32) of patients with concurrent CRP ≥50 mg/L, albumin ≤30 g/L, and increased endoscopic severity (severe on physician's global assessment) (maximum score = 3) did not respond to IV steroids (positive predictive value [PPV] 78.1%, negative predictive value [NPV] 87.1%). CONCLUSIONS More than three quarters of patients scoring 3 (albumin ≤30 g/L, CRP ≥50 mg/L, and increased endoscopic severity) did not respond to IV steroids. This combination of parameters (ACE) identifies on admission a high-risk population who may benefit from earlier second-line medical treatment or surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Grant
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Nikolas Plevris
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Charlie W Lees
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jack Satsangi
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Translational Gastro-intestinal Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian D R Arnott
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Shivakumar M, Dharmaprakash MS, Manjappa S, Nagashree KL. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs)-modified electrode for electrochemical detection of nitrobenzene. J IRAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anu V, Madan Kumar PD, Shivakumar M. Salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment - A prospective study. Indian J Dent Res 2019; 30:527-530. [PMID: 31745047 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_74_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human saliva has got many important functions like lubrication of the oral tissues, making oral functions like speech, mastication and deglutition possible and also protecting teeth and oral mucosal surfaces in different ways. Dental Caries is one of the common complications in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Subjects with impaired saliva flow rate often show high caries incidence. A low flow rate combined with a low or moderate buffer effect clearly indicates poor salivary resistance against microbial attack. Aim To investigate the changes in stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate, pH and buffer capacity in patients undergoing therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods Salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity of 20 patients who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment at Department of Orthodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai were examined using GC saliva check buffer kit. The procedure was carried out during the initiation of orthodontic treatment and subsequently, one month and six months after the placement of appliance. Results Results showed there was a significant increase in the salivary flow rate one month and six months after placement of fixed appliance while pH and buffering capacity showed no significant changes. Conclusion Salivary flow rate increases significantly during fixed orthodontic treatment. Salivary pH and buffering capacity showed no significant changes suggesting that they are not sole factors for demineralization in orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anu
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P D Madan Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Shivakumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kumawat G, Yadav A, Satpute GK, Gireesh C, Patel R, Shivakumar M, Gupta S, Chand S, Bhatia VS. Genetic relationship, population structure analysis and allelic characterization of flowering and maturity genes E1, E2, E3 and E4 among 90 Indian soybean landraces. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2019; 25:387-398. [PMID: 30956422 PMCID: PMC6419859 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A set of 90 Indian soybean landraces were analysed for polymorphism at 43 SSRs and five allele specific markers of four major genes involved in regulating flowering and photoperiod response. A total of 42 polymorphic SSRs had amplified 126 alleles which served as raw data for estimation of genetic relationship and population structure among 90 accessions. Rare alleles of four and three SSRs were detected in accessions IC18768 and IC15089, respectively. Gene diversity in the population ranges from 0.065 to 0.717 with a mean value of 0.411. The polymorphism information content of 42 SSRs varied from 0.063 to 0.668. Hierarchical clustering based on neighbour-joining method identified three major clusters among 90 soybean accessions. Model based population structure analysis divided the 90 soybean accessions into four populations (K = 4). Mean value of Fst for different populations ranged between 0.4143 and 0.7239. Genotyping of 90 accessions with allele specific markers had identified accession IC15089 as triple recessive mutant of flowering genes E1, E2 and photoperiod sensitivity gene E3. The triple mutant IC15089 (e1, e3, e3) had been characterized phenotypically and identified as early maturing (88 days) and photoperiod insensitive genotype under extended photoperiod. The present study characterized genetic relationship among 90 Indian soybean landraces and had identified a few diverse and unique genotypes for utilization in soybean breeding programmes targeting development of short duration and photoperiod insensitive varieties through marker assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giriraj Kumawat
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
| | - Arti Yadav
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
| | - Gyanesh K. Satpute
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
| | - C. Gireesh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
| | - Rakesh Patel
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
| | - M. Shivakumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
| | - Suresh Chand
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
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Khurana S, Shivakumar M, Sujith Kumar Reddy GV, Jayashree P, Ramesh Bhat Y, Lewis LES. Long-term neurodevelopment outcome of caffeine versus aminophylline therapy for apnea of prematurity. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2018; 10:355-362. [PMID: 29286928 DOI: 10.3233/npm-16147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methylxanthines are the most commonly prescribed drug in neonatal setups. However, Clinicians show indecision in choosing the right agent for Apnea of Prematurity in most of the developing countries. Present study aimed to compare rate of mortality and survival with normal neurodevelopment outcome at 18 to 24 months of corrected age, between Caffeine- and Aminophylline-treated infants for apnea of prematurity. METHODS 240 infants were randomly allocated to caffeine and aminophylline for apnea of prematurity during February 2012 to January 2015. Long-term neurodevelopmental assessment was done only from children who had attained corrected age of 18 to 24 months during April 2014 to February 2016. Cognitive, language and motor deficits were assessed by Bayley Scale of infant and toddler development (BSID - III). Postnatal characteristics such as hearing and visual impairments during NICU stay were noted and same were followed up. RESULTS Infants allocated to caffeine group showed 83% less risk of getting cognitive impairment (RR 0.16; CI 95% range 0.02 to 1.36), 50% less risk of developing motor deficits (RR 0.50; CI 95% range 0.12 to 1.95) and 24% less risk of developing language problems (RR 0.76; CI 95% range 0.36 to 1.58). However in all the neurodevelopment domains the difference between groups was not statistically significant. Risk of mortality in caffeine group was 9% less over aminophylline group which was statistically non-significant (RR - 0.92; CI 95% range - 0.45 to 1.84; p = 0.81). Physical growth parameters were found to be similar in both the groups. Risk of developing visual abnormality and hearing impairments was also statistically non-significant between the groups. CONCLUSION Caffeine and aminophylline showed similar effects in reducing the rate of mortality and improving the survival without neurodevelopment delays; though the clinical significance of caffeine over aminophylline cannot be undermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khurana
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Madhav Nagar, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M Shivakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit, Kasturba Medical College, Madhav Nagar, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - G V Sujith Kumar Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit, Kasturba Medical College, Madhav Nagar, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - P Jayashree
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Madhav Nagar, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Y Ramesh Bhat
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Madhav Nagar, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - L E S Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit, Kasturba Medical College, Madhav Nagar, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Shivakumar M, Kumawat G, Gireesh C, Ramesh SV, Husain SM. Soybean MAGIC Population:A Novel Resource for Genetics and Plant Breeding. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i04/906-908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shivakumar M, Simon Lewis LE. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Caffeine and Aminophylline for Apnea of Prematurity: Few Concerns: Author's Reply. Indian Pediatr 2017; 54:1057. [PMID: 29317568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Shivakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Child block, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India.
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Shivakumar M, Jayashree P, Najih M, Lewis LES, Y. RB, Kamath A, Shashikala. Erratum to: Comparative efficacy and safety of caffeine and aminophylline for apnea of prematurity in preterm (≤34 weeks) neonates: A randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pruthvishree BS, Vinodh Kumar OR, Sinha DK, Malik YPS, Dubal ZB, Desingu PA, Shivakumar M, Krishnaswamy N, Singh BR. Spatial molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant and New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase (blaNDM)-producing Escherichia coli in the piglets of organized farms in India. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1537-1546. [PMID: 28345184 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 government-organized pig farms between 2014 and 2016 representing seven states of India to understand the epidemiology of carbapenem resistance in the Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, fecal sample (n = 673) from non-diarrheic (n = 501) and diarrheic (n = 172) piglets were processed for isolation of carbapenem resistant E. coli. Of 673, E. coli isolate (n = 112) was genotyped for confirming the carbapenem resistance and associated virulence factors. Of the 112 isolates, 23 were phenotypically resistant to carbapenem and 8 were carrying the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase (blaNDM) gene. The carbapenem-resistant isolates also produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases and were multidrug resistant. The PCR-based pathotyping revealed the presence of stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA genes. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR dendrogram analysis of the isolates yielded three distinct clusters. The statistical analysis revealed no association between carriages of carbapenem-resistant E. coli in different breed of piglets however, location, sex, health status of piglets and age showed significant difference. The spatial analysis with SaTScan helped in identification of carbapenem-resistant clusters. CONCLUSIONS The presence of carbapenem resistant E. coli isolates with virulence genes in the piglet poses a potential public health risk through possible access and spread via the food chain and environment. Efflux pump may also play an important role in carbapenem resistance in piglet E. coli isolates. Furthermore, identification of risk factors in relation to spatial clusters will help in designing preventive strategies for reducing the risk of spread of carbapenem resistant bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY 1. Piglets harbor carbapenem resistant E. coli and have great public health significance. 2. Apart from carbapenemase, efflux pump is also important for carbapenem resistance. 3. This is the first report of blaNDM in the piglets from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Pruthvishree
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - O R Vinodh Kumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y P S Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Shivakumar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College, Hassan, Karnataka, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shivakumar M, Nagashree KL, Manjappa S, Dharmaprakash MS. Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Silver Nanospheres (AgNS) Obtained by Green Synthesis Using Pre-hydrolysed Liquor. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Shivakumar
- Department of Chemistry; B M S College of Engineering; Bull Temple Road Bangalore- 560019 India
| | - K. L. Nagashree
- Department of Chemistry; B M S College of Engineering; Bull Temple Road Bangalore- 560019 India
| | - S. Manjappa
- Sahyadri College of Engineering & Management; Mangalore - 575007 India
| | - M. S. Dharmaprakash
- Department of Chemistry; B M S College of Engineering; Bull Temple Road Bangalore- 560019 India
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Kumar MS, Padmavathi S, Shivakumar M, Charles U, Appalanaidu M, Perumal R, Thiagarajan PN, Somasekhar Y. Hidden leprosy cases in tribal population groups and how to reach them through a collaborative effort. LEPROSY REV 2015; 86:328-334. [PMID: 26964428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tribal populations are an underserved population group and access to health services is a major challenge for them. Since leprosy treatment is integrated with the general health services, identifying leprosy cases is not be easy in these settings and they remain as endemic reservoirs, unless greater efforts are made to reach them. METHODOLOGY An active search operation was conducted in the tribal colonies in four pre-identified Health & Nutrition Clusters, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2013. After a brief training, village health nurses and selected volunteers covered all the households, showing flash cards with photos of leprosy cases and enquiring if there was any resident with a similar condition. Suspects were listed and examined by the district leprosy supervisor and field coordinators from Damien Foundation. Follow up interviews were done after one year to assess the treatment completion rate. RESULTS Village health workers covered 47,574 people living in the tribal colonies and identified 325 leprosy suspects. Among them, 70 were confirmed as new leprosy cases. The prevalence of previously undetected leprosy cases was found to be 14.7/10,000. Out of 70 cases, 19 (27%) were children, 35 (50%) were female, 32 (45.7%) were classified as MB leprosy, 6 (8.6%) had a leprosy reaction and 11 (15.7%) persons had Grade 2 disability at the time of diagnosis. The treatment completion rate was found to be 74% at the end of one year. CONCLUSION The study reveals a very high burden of leprosy among the tribal population and demonstrates how resources can be mobilized from government, NGO and local community sources to promote early case detection among underserved population groups.
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Kumawat G, Singh G, Gireesh C, Shivakumar M, Arya M, Agarwal DK, Husain SM. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity analysis of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) germplasm accessions in India. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2015; 21:101-7. [PMID: 25649315 PMCID: PMC4312333 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-014-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterization and genetic diversity among 82 soybean accessions was carried out by using 44 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Of the 44 SSR markers used, 40 markers were found polymorphic among 82 soybean accessions. These 40 polymorphic markers produced a total of 119 alleles, of which five were unique alleles and four alleles were rare. The allele number for each SSR locus varied between two to four with an average of 2.97 alleles per marker. Polymorphic information content values of SSRs ranged from 0.101 to 0.742 with an average of 0.477. Jaccard's similarity coefficient was employed to study the molecular diversity of 82 soybean accessions. The pairwise genetic similarity among 82 soybean accessions varied from 0.28 to 0.90. The dendrogram constructed based on genetic similarities among 82 soybean accessions identified three major clusters. The majority of genotypes including four improved cultivars were grouped in a single subcluster IIIa of cluster III, indicating high genetic resemblance among soybean germplasm collection in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giriraj Kumawat
- />Directorate of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, M. P. India
| | | | - C. Gireesh
- />Directorate of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, M. P. India
| | - M. Shivakumar
- />Directorate of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, M. P. India
| | - Mamta Arya
- />Directorate of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, M. P. India
| | - Dinesh K. Agarwal
- />Directorate of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, M. P. India
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Subbanna S, Nagre NN, Shivakumar M, Umapathy NS, Psychoyos D, Basavarajappa BS. Ethanol induced acetylation of histone at G9a exon1 and G9a-mediated histone H3 dimethylation leads to neurodegeneration in neonatal mice. Neuroscience 2013; 258:422-32. [PMID: 24300108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transient exposure of immature rodents to ethanol during postnatal day 7 (P7), comparable to a time point within the third trimester of human pregnancy, induces neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the deleterious effects of ethanol on the developing brain are poorly understood. In our previous study, we showed that a high dose administration of ethanol at P7 enhances G9a and leads to caspase-3-mediated degradation of dimethylated H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2). In this study, we investigated the potential role of epigenetic changes at G9a exon1, G9a-mediated H3 dimethylation on neurodegeneration and G9a-associated proteins in the P7 brain following exposure to a low dose of ethanol. We found that a low dose of ethanol induces mild neurodegeneration in P7 mice, enhances specific acetylation of H3 on lysine 14 (H3K14ace) at G9a exon1, G9a protein levels, augments the dimethylation of H3K9 and H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me2). However, neither dimethylated H3K9 nor K27 underwent degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of G9a activity prior to ethanol treatment prevented H3 dimethylation and neurodegeneration. Further, our immunoprecipitation data suggest that G9a directly associates with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). In addition, DNMT3A and MeCP2 protein levels were enhanced by a low dose of ethanol that was shown to induce mild neurodegeneration. Collectively, these epigenetic alterations lead to association of G9a, DNMT3A and MeCP2 to form a larger repressive complex and have a significant role in low-dose ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Subbanna
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - N N Nagre
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - M Shivakumar
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - N S Umapathy
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - D Psychoyos
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - B S Basavarajappa
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Indresh H, Devegowda G, Ruban S, Shivakumar M. Effects of high grade bentonite on performance, organ weights and serum biochemistry during aflatoxicosis in broilers. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2013.313-317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Balan IN, Madan Kumar PD, Shivakumar M. An assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.98688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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MadanKumar PD, AswathNarayanan MB, Rooban T, Shivakumar M, Ramachandran S. Publication trends of Indian Public Health Dentist between 1997 - 2007: A Medline Approach. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2010. [DOI: 10.4103/2319-5932.197486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Nijesh JE, Madan Kumar PD, Shivakumar M. Bilateral supplemental mandibular premolar - A case report. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2009. [DOI: 10.4103/2319-5932.196260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Shivakumar M, Prabhakarareddy B, Rajaprasannakumar A, Vijayakumaran P, Krishnamurthy P. Repeated sputum microscopy is not essential for monitoring tuberculosis treatment response. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10:1296-8. [PMID: 17131792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING This study was conducted in two districts in India where DOTS has been implemented. There are 39 microscopy centres in Anantpur district and 34 in Nellore district (one per 100,000 population), each with a trained microscopist. Periodic follow-up sputum microscopy is performed for all tuberculosis (TB) patients on treatment, with two sputum specimens examined on each follow-up. Results are recorded in a laboratory register. OBJECTIVE To determine whether examining two sputum specimens for follow-up is useful for assessing treatment outcome. DESIGN A retrospective study using data from laboratory registers of all microscopy centres for 2002 in Anantpur and 2003 (January-June) in Nellore. RESULTS Of 5086 follow-up examinations done in Anantpur and 1028 in Nellore, 8% were acid-fast bacilli positive. One additional positive result was obtained on examination of a second sputum specimen. This result did not significantly add to the assessment of treatment outcome. CONCLUSION The yield of a second on-the-spot sputum specimen is negligible, provided that the first smear is from an overnight specimen. From the data available, it is evident that repeated follow-up smears are not essential for documenting treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shivakumar
- Technical Support Team, Anantpur, Andra Pradesh, India
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Shivakumar M. Dental care delivery to the institutionalised handicapped children. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2002. [DOI: 10.4103/2319-5932.175113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Shivakumar M, Pramanik K, Bhattacharyya I, Chakravorty A. Chemistry of metal-bound anion radicals. A family of mono- and bis(azopyridine) chelates of bivalent ruthenium. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:4332-8. [PMID: 11196929 DOI: 10.1021/ic000356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the dihydride [RuII(H)2(CO)(PPh3)3], 3, with excess azo-2,2'-bipyridine (abp) in boiling dry benzene has afforded the diradical bischelate [RuII(abp.-)2(CO)(PPh3)], 4, and the hydridic monochelate monoradical [RuII(abp.-)(H)(CO)(PPh3)2], 5. A similar reaction between 3 and 2-(p-chlorophenylazo)pyridine (Clpap) did not yield a bischelate, but the hydridic monoradical [RuII(Clpap.-)(H)(CO)(PPh3)2], 6, has been isolated. Upon treatment of 4-6 with NH4PF6 in a wet dichloromethane-acetonitrile medium, the one-electron-oxidized salts 4+PF6-, 5+PF6-, and 6+PF6- are isolated, H+ being the oxidizing agent. The X-ray structures of 4+PF6-.CH2Cl2, 5+PF6-.H2O, and 6+PF6- have been determined. In the monoradical 4+ the azo N-N bond lengths in the two chelate rings are 1.284(6) and 1.336(6) A, showing that the radical electron is localized in the latter ring. The half-filled extended Hückel HOMO is indeed found to be so localized, and it has a large azo character. Complexes 4-6 display radical redox couples with E1/2 in the range -0.5 to +0.10 V vs SCE. The E1/2 values qualitatively correlate with corresponding vco values (1900-2000 cm-1). The monoradicals (S = 1/2) 4+, 5, and 6 uniformly display a strong EPR signal near g = 2.00. Metal-mediated magnetic interaction makes the EPR-silent diradical 4 strongly antiferromagnetic with J = -299 cm-1. Crystal data are as follows: (4+PF6-.CH2Cl2, C40H33Cl2F6N8-OP2Ru) monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c (no. 14), a = 14.174(6) A, b = 16.451(4) A, c = 18.381(4) A, beta = 98.00(3) degrees, Z = 4; (5+PF6-.H2O, C47H41F6N4O2P3Ru) monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (no. 14), a = 9.433(2) A, b = 38.914(17) A, c = 13.084(3) A, beta = 103.47(2) degrees, Z = 4; (6+PF6-, C48H39ClF6N3OP3Ru) monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (no. 14), a = 10.496(5) A, b = 22.389(8) A, c = 19.720(6) A, beta = 90.53(3) degrees, Z = 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shivakumar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta 700 032, India
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Abstract
The reaction of [Os(H)(Br)(CO)(PPh3)3], 5, with 2-(phenylazo)pyridine (pap) in boiling dry heptane has afforded the azo anion radical complex [Os(pap.-)(Br)(CO)(PPh3)2], 6a, as the major product and [Os(pap)(H)(CO)(PPh3)2]Br, 7, as a minor byproduct. Upon replacing pap by the better pi-acceptor azo-2,2'-bipyridine (abp) in the above synthesis, the radical complex [Os(abp.-)(Br)(CO)(PPh3)2], 6b, becomes the sole product. It is proposed that 6 is formed via homolytic cleavage of the Os-H bond in 5; in the formation of 7, the Os-Br bond of 5 is heterolytically cleaved. The X-ray structures of 6b and 7.CH2Cl2 have been determined. In 6b, the N-N length is 1.35(2) A, consistent with the anion radical description; in 7.CH2Cl2 the length is 1.27(1) A. The spin-bearing extended Huckel HOMO in a model of 6 is found to be approximately 70% azo-pi* in character associated with a small metal contribution. An electronic band observed in the range 600-700 nm in solutions of 6 is assigned to the HOMO --> LUMO transition, the LUMO being 95% pyridine-pi* in character. One-electron paramagnetic 6 displays well-defined anisotropic EPR features near g = 2.00. The anisotropy arises from the metal character of HOMO and is magnified by the large spin-orbit coupling in osmium. In a moisture-free environment 6 is indefinitely stable in the solid state, but in CH2Cl2-MeCN solution 6a is rapidly oxidized by air, affording [Os(pap)(Br)(CO)(PPh3)2]+, 6a+, which has been isolated as the diamagnetic PF6- salt; 6b+PF6- has been similarly prepared. The voltammetric reduction potentials of the 6+/6 couple follow the order 6a+/6a < 6b+/6b, and the carbon monoxide stretching frequencies follow the order 6a < 6b and 6a+ < 6b+. These trends are consistent with the pi-acidity order pap < abp. Crystal data are as follows: (6b, C47H38BrN4OOsP2) monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.215(4) A, b = 17.634(7) A, c = 22.473(8) A, beta = 97.67(3) degrees , Z = 4; (7.CH2Cl2, C49H42BrCl2N3OOsP2) monoclinic, space group P2(1/n) (no. 14), a = 15.323(7) A, b = 15.201(6) A, c = 19.542(7) A, beta = 92.51(3) degrees, Z = 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pramanik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta
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