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Hameed S, Khan KM, Taslimi P, Salar U, Taskin-Tok T, Kisa D, Saleem F, Solangi M, Ahmed MHU, Rani K. Evaluation of synthetic 2-aryl quinoxaline derivatives as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:653-668. [PMID: 35568155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Variety of 2-aryl quinoxaline derivatives 1-23 were synthesized in good yields, by reacting 1,2-phenylenediamine with varyingly substituted phenacyl bromides in the presence of pyridine catalyst. All molecules 1-23 were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for their diverse biological potential against α-amylase (α-AMY), α-glucosidase (α-GLU), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Synthetic derivatives possess enhanced inhibitory potential against all enzymes at nanomolar concentrations. In particular, compound 14 was found much superior with IC50 = 294.35, 198.21, 17.04, and 21.46 nM against α-AMY, α-GLU, AChE, and BChE, respectively, as compared to standard inhibitors. Furthermore, selected potent compounds, including 3, 4, 8, 14, 15, 17, and 18, were subjected to molecular docking studies to decipher the binding energies and interactions of ligands (synthetic molecules) with all four target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehryar Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Turkey
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey; Gaziantep University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Dursun Kisa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Turkey
| | - Faiza Saleem
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Solangi
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassaan Uddin Ahmed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Rani
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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