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Han SP, Jumat MR, Cleland JA. Interprofessional collaboration (or lack thereof) between faculty and learning technologists in the creation of digital learning. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:727. [PMID: 37794342 PMCID: PMC10548781 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As digital learning becomes more prevalent and important in health professions education, learning technologists play increasingly central roles in designing and delivering learning materials. However, little is understood about the process by which learning technologists have integrated into the existing teaching and learning ecosystem, and it seems that they remain marginal and undervalued. Our aim in this paper was therefore to examine the process of interprofessional co-development of course materials as experienced by educators and learning technologists. METHODS Our approach was qualitative, using individual semi-structured interviews (conducted between July 2021 to May 2022) to explore the working relationship between faculty and learning technologists. Transcripts were analysed abductively. RESULTS We found that the attitudes of both faculty and learning technologists towards collaborating to drive digital adoption in health professions education fell into two main themes: "embrace" and "replace" - and "conflict", which we present as a third theme. Our results revealed that faculty did not take an active and agentic role in developing their digital practices in respect of education delivery. Learning technologists positioned themselves as a resource to support faculty's knowledge and skill gap in digital competence. There was an obvious power differential between the two groups: learning technologists lacked agency and seemed in the position of servants to faculty masters. This created barriers to effective collaboration. CONCLUSIONS By examining the process of co-development of course materials by faculty and learning technologists, we open up a space to examine the social, relational and organisational complexities associated with interprofessional collaboration in digital health professions education. Our study also has important implications for guiding educational policy to better position learning technologists to effectively collaborate with faculty and realise the potential of digital health professions education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ping Han
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Jennifer Anne Cleland
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Jumat MR, Wong P, Foo KX, Lee ICJ, Goh SPL, Ganapathy S, Tan TY, Loh AHL, Yeo YC, Chao Y, Cheng LTE, Lai SH, Goh SH, Compton S, Hwang NC. From Trial to Implementation, Bringing Team-Based Learning Online-Duke-NUS Medical School's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Med Sci Educ 2020; 30:1649-1654. [PMID: 32837796 PMCID: PMC7402390 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-01039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Peiyan Wong
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ke Xiang Foo
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Irene Cheng Jie Lee
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Suzanne Pei Lin Goh
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- KK Women’s and Children Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sashikumar Ganapathy
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- KK Women’s and Children Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thean Yen Tan
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alwin Hwai Liang Loh
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Ching Yeo
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- KK Women’s and Children Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yinxia Chao
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lionel Tim-Ee Cheng
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siang Hui Lai
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sok Hong Goh
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Scott Compton
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Nian Chih Hwang
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Ngiam LXL, Ong YT, Ng JX, Kuek JTY, Chia JL, Chan NPX, Ho CY, Abdurrahman ABHM, Kamal NHA, Cheong CWS, Ng CH, Tan XH, Tan LHE, Chin AMC, Mason S, Jumat MR, Chiam M, Krishna LKR. Impact of Caring for Terminally Ill Children on Physicians: A Systematic Scoping Review. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2020; 38:396-418. [PMID: 32815393 DOI: 10.1177/1049909120950301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caring for terminally ill children influences nurses' and allied health provider's quality of life, ability to provide personalized, dignified and empathetic care and even their concepts of personhood. In the absence of data this review utilizes the Ring Theory of Personhood (RToP) to evaluate how a physician's concept of personhood is affected caring for terminally ill children in order to better support them holistically. METHODS Using PRISMA Guidelines, 14 researchers carried out independent searches of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and gray literature databases for articles published between 2000 to 2019. Concurrent and independent employment of content and thematic analysis (Split Approach) was used to enhance the trustworthiness of the analysis. RESULTS 13,424 titles and abstracts were retrieved, 188 full texts were evaluated, and 39 articles were included and analyzed. Identical categories and themes identified using the Split Approach suggest that caring for dying children in PPC impacts the physician's professional identity, clinical decision making, personal well-being and relationships. The data also suggests that the magnitude of these effects depends on the presence of protective and risk factors. CONCLUSION Aside from providing a novel insight into the upon the physician, this review proffers a unique approach to accounting for the presence, magnitude and influence of incoming catalysts, resultant conflicts, and protective and risk factors upon the physician's personhood. Further studies into the changes in personhood are required. Design of a personalized assessment tool based on the RToP will help direct timely, appropriate and personalized support to these physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Xin Ling Ngiam
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Ting Ong
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Xuan Ng
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua Tze Yin Kuek
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeng Long Chia
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalie Pei Xin Chan
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong Yao Ho
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ahmad Bin Hanifah Marican Abdurrahman
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Haidah Ahmad Kamal
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Wei Shuen Cheong
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiu Hui Tan
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorraine Hui En Tan
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Stephen Mason
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, 68751National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Duke-NUS Medical School, 63751National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cancer Education, 68751National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Centre of Biomedical Ethics, 37580National University of Singapore, Singapore.,PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore
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Jumat MR, Chow PKH, Allen JC, Lai SH, Hwang NC, Iqbal J, Mok MUS, Rapisarda A, Velkey JM, Engle DL, Compton S. Grit protects medical students from burnout: a longitudinal study. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:266. [PMID: 32787919 PMCID: PMC7425562 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a serious issue plaguing the medical profession with potential negative consequences on patient care. Burnout symptoms are observed as early as medical school. Based on a Job Demands-Resources model, this study aims to assess associations between specific job resources measured at the beginning of the first year of medical school with burnout symptoms occurring later in the first year. METHODS The specific job resources of grit, tolerance for ambiguity, social support and gender were measured in Duke-NUS Medical School students at the start of Year 1. Students were then surveyed for burnout symptoms at approximately quarterly intervals throughout the year. Using high ratings of cynicism and exhaustion as the definition of burnout, we investigated the associations of the occurrence of burnout with student job resources using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Out of 59 students, 19 (32.2%) indicated evidence of burnout at some point across the first year of medical school. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis identified grit as having a significant protective effect against experiencing burnout (Odds Ratio, 0.84; 95%CI 0.74 to 0.96). Using grit as a single predictor of burnout, area under the ROC curve was 0.76 (95%CI: 0.62 to 0.89). CONCLUSIONS Grit was identified as a protective factor against later burnout, suggesting that less gritty students are more susceptible to burnout. The results indicate that grit is a robust character trait which can prognosticate burnout in medical students. These students would potentially benefit from enhanced efforts to develop grit as a personal job resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 3, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Pierce Kah-Hoe Chow
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 3, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - John Carson Allen
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 3, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Siang Hui Lai
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 3, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Nian-Chih Hwang
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 3, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Jabed Iqbal
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 3, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - May Un Sam Mok
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Attilio Rapisarda
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 3, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - John Matthew Velkey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University School of Medicine, North Carolina, 27708, Durham, USA
| | - Deborah Lynn Engle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University School of Medicine, North Carolina, 27708, Durham, USA
| | - Scott Compton
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 3, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Wong P, Jumat MR, Lee ICJ, Foo KX, Goh SPL, Ganapathy S, Lai SH, Hwang NC. Redesigning team-based learning facilitation for an online platform to deliver preclinical curriculum: A response to the COVID-19 pandemic. MedEdPublish (2016) 2020; 9:135. [PMID: 38073806 PMCID: PMC10702668 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2020.000135.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Due to the increasing number of COVID-19 cases globally, and the need for critical containment, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, moved all of its preclinical classes online, keeping with national and university guidelines. The sudden move from face-to-face to online learning posed several challenges to the school's team-based learning (TBL) pedagogy. In TBL, student engagement is key to promote peer-to-peer learning. The educational faculty found that it was challenging to ensure student engagement through an online platform. Additionally, online TBL is heavily dependent on the use of technology. Technological and internet connectivity issues were potential obstacles to the learning process. This manuscript proposes practical tips for a facilitator of an online TBL class to engage learners in this new format. To overcome technical complications, a dedicated centralized administrative team managed the logistics of hosting TBL online. Working synergistically, the facilitator, and the administrative team were instrumental in recreating the learning environment of a face-to-face TBL in an online platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Wong
- Duke-NUS Medical School; National University of Singapore
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Zaouri N, Jumat MR, Cheema T, Hong PY. Metagenomics-based evaluation of groundwater microbial profiles in response to treated wastewater discharge. Environ Res 2020; 180:108835. [PMID: 31655333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the use of metagenomics to assess groundwater quality. Metagenomics revealed a lower alpha diversity for both bacteria and virus in wastewater-exposed groundwater compared to the upstream controls. An increase in the relative abundance of Planctomycetes and Picornaviridae was also observed in wastewater-exposed groundwater. However, comparison of antibiotic resistome cannot clearly differentiate wastewater-exposed groundwater from control. Findings suggest that metagenomics can detect selected microbial signatures indicative of treated wastewater discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Zaouri
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tariq Cheema
- Hydrology Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Ying Hong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Hong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy R Julian
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Huong TN, Yan Y, Jumat MR, Lui J, Tan BH, Wang DY, Sugrue RJ. A sustained antiviral host response in respiratory syncytial virus infected human nasal epithelium does not prevent progeny virus production. Virology 2018; 521:20-32. [PMID: 29870884 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus infection was examined using a human nasal epithelial cell model. Maximum levels of shed-virus were produced at between 3 and 5 days post-infection (dpi), and the infectivity of the shed-virus was stable up to 10 dpi. The highest levels of interferon signalling were recorded at 2dpi, and infection induced a widespread antivirus response in the nasal epithelium, involving both infected cells and non-infected cells. Although these cellular responses were associated with reduced levels of progeny virus production and restricted virus spread, they did not inhibit the infectivity virus that is shed early in infection. In the clinical context these data suggest that although the host cell response in the nasal epithelium may restrict the levels of progeny virus particles produced, the stability of the shed-virus in the nasal mucosa may be an important factor in both disease progression and virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra Nguyen Huong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing Lui
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Huan Tan
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Republic of Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Richard J Sugrue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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Myaing MZ, Jumat MR, Huong TN, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. Truncated forms of the PA protein containing only the C-terminal domains are associated with the ribonucleoprotein complex within H1N1 influenza virus particles. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:906-921. [PMID: 28141511 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the expression profile of the influenza virus PA protein in pH1N1/2009 virus-infected cells. Immunoblotting analysis of virus-infected MDCK cells revealed the presence of full-length PA protein from 8 h post-infection, together with the simultaneous appearance of PA protein species of approximately 50, 35/39 and 20/25 kDa (collectively referred to as PA*). PA* was also detected in H1N1/WSN-virus-infected cells, indicating that its presence was not virus-specific, and it was also observed in virus-infected A549 and chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, indicating that its presence was not cell-type-specific. PA* was detected in cells expressing the recombinant PA protein, indicating that the PA* formation occurred in the absence of virus infection. These data collectively indicated that PA* formation is an intrinsic property of PA gene expression. The association of PA* with purified influenza virus particles was demonstrated by immunoblotting, and a protease protection assay provided evidence that PA* was packaged into virus particles. The ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex was isolated from purified influenza virus particles using glycerol gradient centrifugation, which demonstrated that PA* was associated with the RNP complex. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that PA protein species containing only segments of the C-terminal domain form during influenza virus infection. Furthermore, these truncated PA protein species are subsequently packaged into virus particles as part of the functional RNP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myint Zu Myaing
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tra Nguyen Huong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Boon Huan Tan
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Richard J Sugrue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Jumat MR, Wong P, Lee RTC, Maurer-Stroh S, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. Molecular and biochemical characterization of the NS1 protein of non-cultured influenza B virus strains circulating in Singapore. Microb Genom 2017; 2:e000082. [PMID: 28348873 PMCID: PMC5320597 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we compared the NS1 protein of Influenza B/Lee/40 and several non-cultured Influenza B virus clinical strains detected in Singapore. In B/Lee/40 virus-infected cells and in cells expressing the recombinant B/Lee/40 NS1 protein a full-length 35 kDa NS1 protein and a 23 kDa NS1 protein species (p23) were detected. Mutational analysis of the NS1 gene indicated that p23 was generated by a novel cleavage event within the linker domain between an aspartic acid and proline at amino acid residues at positions 92 and 93 respectively (DP92–93), and that p23 contained the first 92 amino acids of the NS1 protein. Sequence analysis of the Singapore strains indicated the presence of either DP92–93 or NP92–93 in the NS1 protein, but protein expression analysis showed that p23 was only detected in NS1 proteins with DP92–93.. An additional adjacent proline residue at position 94 (P94) was present in some strains and correlated with increased p23 levels, suggesting that P94 has a synergistic effect on the cleavage of the NS1 protein. The first 145 amino acids of the NS1 protein are required for inhibition of ISG15-mediated ubiquitination, and our analysis showed that Influenza B viruses circulating in Singapore with DP92–93 expressed truncated NS1 proteins and may differ in their capacity to inhibit ISG15 activity. Thus, DP92–93 in the NS1 protein may confer a disadvantage to Influenza B viruses circulating in the human population and interestingly the low frequency of DP92–93detection in the NS1 protein since 2004 is consistent with this suggestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- 1School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Puisan Wong
- 2Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, 117510, Singapore
| | - Raphael Tze Chuen Lee
- 3Bioinformatics Institute (BII) 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix Building, 138671, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- 1School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore.,3Bioinformatics Institute (BII) 30 Biopolis Street #07-01, Matrix Building, 138671, Singapore
| | - Boon Huan Tan
- 2Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, 117510, Singapore
| | - Richard J Sugrue
- 1School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
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Jumat MR, Huong TN, Ravi LI, Stanford R, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. Viperin protein expression inhibits the late stage of respiratory syncytial virus morphogenesis. Antiviral Res 2015; 114:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza B viruses are classified into two main lineages: Yamagata-like and Victoria-like, which differ antigenically and phylogenetically. To understand the evolution of influenza B viruses in South East Asia as well as to determine the vaccine efficacy, we genetically characterised gene segments 4, 6 and 8 from non-tissue culture adapted influenza B viruses detected in Singapore from 2004 to 2009. METHODS vRNA were extracted from the nasopharyngeal swabs or nasal washes of SAF servicemen displaying febrile and respiratory symptoms, and subjected to PCR assay to test for the presence of influenza B virus. The PCR-positive specimens were next subjected to sequencing of the full gene segments 4 (HA), 6 (NA/NB) and 8 (NS1/NEP). The nucleotide sequences were aligned together with that of other specimens isolated from South East Asia as well as the vaccine strains. Phylogenetic trees of each gene segment were constructed and the amino acid alignments were analysed. RESULTS A majority of the Singaporean specimens analysed in this study, from 2004-2009, had gene segment 4 from the Victoria-like lineage and gene segment 6 from Yamagata-like lineage. Some of these specimens had both gene segments from the Yamagata lineage and this resulted in several vaccine mismatches. Gene segment 8 from majority of these specimens clustered separately from both the Yamagata and Victoria strains. The HA protein of most of the Singaporean specimens isolated post 2000 contained a glycosylation site at position 211, which was not dominant prior to 2000. No amino acid substitution conferring drug-resistance was found in either the HA or NA proteins. CONCLUSIONS The presence of both lineages co-circulating post 2000, suggests that a trivalent vaccine is not enough to confer immunity to the general public, strongly endorsing the inclusion of both lineages in the vaccine. Several amino acid substitutions were observed, prompting in depth functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- />Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Republic of Singapore
| | - Richard J Sugrue
- />Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon-Huan Tan
- />Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, Defence Medical and Environmental Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510 Republic of Singapore
- />Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 117549 Republic of Singapore
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Jumat MR, Nguyen Huong T, Wong P, Loo LH, Tan BH, Fenwick F, Toms GL, Sugrue RJ. Imaging analysis of human metapneumovirus-infected cells provides evidence for the involvement of F-actin and the raft-lipid microdomains in virus morphogenesis. Virol J 2014; 11:198. [PMID: 25408253 PMCID: PMC4243936 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgound Due to difficulties of culturing Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) much of the current understanding of HMPV replication can be inferred from other closely related viruses. The slow rates of virus replication prevent many biochemical analyses of HMPV particles. In this study imaging was used to examine the process of HMPV morphogenesis in individually infected LLC-MK2 cells, and to better characterise the sites of HMPV assembly. This strategy has circumvented the problems associated with slow replication rates and allowed us to characterise both the HMPV particles and the sites of HMPV morphogenesis. Methods HMPV-infected LLC-MK2 cells were stained with antibodies that recognised the HMPV fusion protein (F protein), attachment protein (G protein) and matrix protein (M protein), and fluorescent probes that detect GM1 within lipid-raft membranes (CTX-B-AF488) and F-actin (Phalloidin-FITC). The stained cells were examined by confocal microscopy, which allowed imaging of F-actin, GM1 and virus particles in HMPV-infected cells. Cells co-expressing recombinant HMPV G and F proteins formed virus-like particles and were co-stained with antibodies that recognise the recombinant G and F proteins and phalloidin-FITC and CTX-B-AF594, and the distribution of the G and F proteins, GM1 and F-actin determined. Results HMPV-infected cells stained with anti-F, anti-G or anti-M revealed a filamentous staining pattern, indicating that the HMPV particles have a filamentous morphology. Staining of HMPV-infected cells with anti-G and either phalloidin-FITC or CTX-B-AF488 exhibited extensive co-localisation of these cellular probes within the HMPV filaments. This suggested that lipid-raft membrane domains and F-actin structures are present at the site of the virus morphogenesis, and are subsequently incorporated into the HMPV filaments. Furthermore, the filamentous virus-like particles that form in cells expressing the G protein formed in cellular structures containing GM1 and F-actin, suggesting the G protein contains intrinsic targeting signals to the sites of virus assembly. Conclusions These data suggest that HMPV matures as filamentous particles and that virus morphogenesis occurs within lipid-raft microdomains containing localized concentrations of F-actin. The similarity between HMPV morphogenesis and the closely related human respiratory syncytial virus suggests that involvement of F-actin and lipid-raft microdomains in virus morphogenesis may be a common feature of the Pneumovirinae. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-014-0198-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raihan Jumat
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Tra Nguyen Huong
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Puisan Wong
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Liat Hui Loo
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Boon Huan Tan
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Fiona Fenwick
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE24HH, UK.
| | - Geoffrey L Toms
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE24HH, UK.
| | - Richard J Sugrue
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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Loo LH, Jumat MR, Fu Y, Ayi TC, Wong PS, Tee NWS, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. Evidence for the interaction of the human metapneumovirus G and F proteins during virus-like particle formation. Virol J 2013; 10:294. [PMID: 24067107 PMCID: PMC3849350 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is now a major cause of lower respiratory infection in children. Although primary isolation of HMPV has been achieved in several different cell lines, the low level of virus replication and the subsequent recovery of low levels of infectious HMPV have hampered biochemical studies on the virus. These experimental methodologies usually require higher levels of biological material that can be achieved following HMPV infection. In this study we demonstrate that expression of the HMPV F, G and M proteins in mammalian cells leads to HMPV virus-like particles (VLP) formation. This experimental strategy will serve as a model system to allow the process of HMPV virus assembly to be examined. METHODS The HMPV F, G and M proteins were expressed in mammalian cell lines. Protein cross-linking studies, sucrose gradient centrifugation and in situ imaging was used to examine interactions between the virus proteins. VLP formation was examined using sucrose density gradient centrifugation and electron microscopy analysis. RESULTS Analysis of cells co-expressing the F, G and M proteins demonstrated that these proteins interacted. Furthermore, in cells co-expression the three HMPV proteins the formation VLPs was observed. Image analysis revealed the VLPs had a similar morphology to the filamentous virus morphology that we observed on HMPV-infected cells. The capacity of each protein to initiate VLP formation was examined using a VLP formation assay. Individual expression of each virus protein showed that the G protein was able to form VLPs in the absence of the other virus proteins. Furthermore, co-expression of the G protein with either the M or F proteins facilitated their incorporation into the VLP fraction. CONCLUSION Co-expression of the F, G and M proteins leads to the formation of VLPs, and that incorporation of the F and M proteins into VLPs is facilitated by their interaction with the G protein. Our data suggests that the G protein plays a central role in VLP formation, and further suggests that the G protein may also play a role in the recruitment of the F and M proteins to sites of virus particle formation during HMPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Hui Loo
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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