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Khoso AB, Noureen A, Un Nisa Z, Hodkinson A, Elahi A, Arshad U, Naz A, Bhatti MM, Asif M, Husain MO, Husain MI, Chaudhry N, Husain N, Chaudhry IB, Panagioti M. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in individuals with psychosis and bipolar disorder in South Asia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e179. [PMID: 37814419 PMCID: PMC10594255 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation and attempts are growing public health concerns globally. Evidence from high-income countries suggests that individuals with psychosis and bipolar disorder are at increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempts, but there is a scarcity of evidence from South Asia. AIMS To estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals with psychosis and bipolar disorder in South Asia. METHOD In this systematic review and meta-analysis, four databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE and Medline) were searched until December 2022. Pooled prevalence was estimated with random-effects models. Heterogeneity was quantified with the I2-statistic. RESULTS The pooled sample size across the 21 studies was 3745 participants, 1941 (51.8%) of which were male. The pooled prevalence of suicide attempts in South Asian people with either psychosis or bipolar disorder was 22% (95% CI 17-27; n = 15). The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation with psychosis or bipolar disorder combined was 38% (95% CI 27-51; n = 10). Meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled prevalence estimates for both suicide attempt and ideation remained unaffected by variations in critical appraisal ratings and study designs. Only one study reported data on suicide-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS One in four individuals diagnosed with psychosis or bipolar disorder have reported suicide attempts, whereas up to one in three have experienced suicidal ideation. These findings underscore the urgent need for clinicians to regularly assess and monitor suicidal ideation and attempts among individuals with these disorders in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer B. Khoso
- Division of At-Risk Mental State, Schizophrenia Spectrum, and other Psychotic Disorders, Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan; and Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Amna Noureen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zaib Un Nisa
- Division of At-Risk Mental State, Schizophrenia Spectrum, and other Psychotic Disorders, Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alexander Hodkinson
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; and National Institute for Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Anam Elahi
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Usman Arshad
- Division of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Naz
- Division of At-Risk Mental State, Schizophrenia Spectrum, and other Psychotic Disorders, Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Muqaddas Asif
- Division of Substance-Related and Addiction Disorders, Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Lahore, Pakistan; and Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Muhammad Omair Husain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ishrat Husain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Nasim Chaudhry
- Division of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Husain
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; and Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot, UK
| | - Imran B. Chaudhry
- Division of At-Risk Mental State, Schizophrenia Spectrum, and other Psychotic Disorders, Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; and Department of Psychiatry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maria Panagioti
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; and National Institute for Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, UK
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Hassan M, Rizwan M, Bhatti MM. Investigating the influence of temperature-dependent rheological properties on nanofluid behavior in heat transfer. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:505404. [PMID: 37725967 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acfb15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluids are advanced heat transfer fluids whose performance is influenced by various thermo-physical properties, including nanoparticle volume fraction, base fluid, and temperature. Rheological mathematical models have been established by using empirical data in order to characterize these features as dependent on parameters such as volume fraction, base fluid composition, and temperature. These models have been integrated into transport equations. Nanofluids composed of metallic oxides (Al2O3, SiO2) and carbon nanostructures (PEG-GnP, PEG-TGr) dispersed in deionized H2O, with nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 0.1%, and temperatures between 30 °C and 50 °C, were utilized to investigate flow over thin needle. The rheological models contained transport equations include the partial differential equations. The transport equations were simplified through various transformations and then solved numerically. The results in form of velocity and temperature distributions were obtained, along with boundary layer parameters, Nusselt number and coefficient of skin friction. The present study contributes to the existing knowledge by elucidating the intricate relationship between nanoparticle volume fraction, base fluid properties, and temperature in nanofluid behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsan Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - M M Bhatti
- College of Mathematics and Systems Science, Shandong University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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Arsh A, Afaq S, Carswell C, Bhatti MM, Ullah I, Siddiqi N. Effectiveness of physical activity in managing co-morbid depression in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:448-459. [PMID: 36868385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity may be effective in alleviating depressive symptoms and improving glycaemic control; however, evidence to guide practice is limited. The current review was conducted to assess the effects of physical activity on depression and glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Randomized controlled clinical trials, from the earliest record to October 2021, which recruited adults with the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared physical activity with no interventions or usual care for the management of depression were included. The outcomes were change in depression severity and glycaemic control. RESULTS In 17 trials, including 1362 participants, physical activity was effective in reducing the severity of depressive symptoms (SMD = -057; 95%CI = -0.80, -0.34). However, physical activity did not have a significant effect in improving markers of glycaemic control (SMD = -0.18; 95%CI = -0.46, 0.10). LIMITATIONS There was substantial heterogeneity in the included studies. Furthermore, risk of bias assessment showed that most of the included studies were of low quality. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity can effectively reduce the severity of depressive symptoms, nonetheless, it appears that physical activity is not significantly effective in improving glycaemic control in adults who have both type 2 diabetes mellitus and depressive symptoms. The latter finding is surprising, however, given the limited evidence on which this is based, future research on the effectiveness of physical activity for depression in this population should include high quality trials with glycaemic control as an outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatik Arsh
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom; Institute of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Khyber Medical University, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Afaq
- Institute of Public Health, Khyber Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Claire Carswell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Pakistan
| | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom
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Abdelsalam SI, Bhatti MM. Unraveling the nature of nano-diamonds and silica in a catheterized tapered artery: highlights into hydrophilic traits. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5684. [PMID: 37029192 PMCID: PMC10080179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we observe the behavior of a hybrid nanofluidic model containing nanodiamonds and silica nanoparticles. The nanofluid propagates through a catheterized tapered artery with three distinct configurations: converging tapered, non-tapered and diverging tapered arteries. In order to assess the rheological properties of the blood, the third-grade non-Newtonian fluid is employed in the flow model such that the Newtonian versus non-Newtonian effects are revealed. The system of equations governing the flow is modeled under magnetic field and with heat transfer, then solved in a closed form using the perturbation approach for the pertinent parameters. The interpretations of the physical variables of interest, such as the velocity, temperature and wall shear stress, are explained. The integration of diamonds and silica nanoparticles give rise to diverse of biological applications since they are used in the drug delivery and biological imaging in genetic materials due to their hydrophilic surfaces. The present mathematical analysis lays a solid foundation on possible therapeutic applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Abdelsalam
- Basic Science, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Al-Shorouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
| | - M M Bhatti
- College of Mathematics and Systems Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
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Javid K, Alqsair UF, Hassan M, Bhatti MM, Ahmad T, Bobescu E. Cilia-assisted flow of viscoelastic fluid in a divergent channel under porosity effects. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1399-1412. [PMID: 33774754 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cilia-driven laminar flow of an incompressible viscoelastic fluid in a divergent channel has been conducted numerically using the BVP4C technique. The non-Newtonian Jeffrey rheological model is utilized to characterize the fluid. The flow equations are formulated in a curvilinear coordinate system, and the porosity effects are simulated with a body force term in the Navier-Stokes equation. The flow equations are transformed into a wave frame from a fixed frame of reference using a linear mathematical relationship. A biological approximation of creeping phenomena and the long-wavelength assumption is used in the flow analysis. The flow analysis is carried out by using a complex (wavy) propulsion of cilia beating. The two-dimensional flow is controlled by physical parameters-Darcy's number, curvature parameter, viscoelastic parameter, phase difference, cilia length, and divergent parameter. They also examined the ciliated pumping and bolus trapping in their flow analysis. The boundary layer phenomena in the velocity profile are noticed under more significant porosity and time relaxation effects. The bolus circulations are reduced for a larger porosity medium and larger numeric values of the time relaxation parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Javid
- Department of Mathematics, Northern University, Wattar-Walli Road, Nowshera, 24110, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Umar F Alqsair
- College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsan Hassan
- Department of mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - M M Bhatti
- College of Mathematics and Systems Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China.
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics, Northern University, Wattar-Walli Road, Nowshera, 24110, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Elena Bobescu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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Khalily MT, Rehman AU, Bhatti MM, Hallahan B, Ahmad I, Mehmood MI, Khan SH, Khan BA. Stakeholders' perspective on mental health laws in Pakistan: A mixed method study. Int J Law Psychiatry 2021; 74:101647. [PMID: 33246231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored awareness and opinions pertaining to mental health legislation in Pakistan in the context of the United Nation Convention on Rights of People with Disabilities (UNCRPD) through a mixed method research design. In the quantitative arm of the study, a structured questionnaire examined awareness and opinions of key stakeholders pertaining to national mental health legislation. In the qualitative arm, face-to-face interviews further elaborated stakeholders perspectives pertaining to these topics with thematic analysis conducted. Stakeholders demonstrated a good awareness of legislation pertaining to guardianship (83.0 %) appointment of property managers (89.7%) and salary or pension entitlements (89.2%). Compared to other stakeholders, patients had less understanding of processes pertaining to involuntary admission (χ2 = 20.54, p = 0.02) and appointing a guardian (χ2 = 34.67, p < 0.01). High consensus across stakeholders was noted for processes of involuntary detention (83.5%) and appointment of guardians or property managers (80.0%) albeit patients demonstrated less agreement on these topics (p <0.01). Minimal support was noted for an involuntary patient to be discharged solely on a psychiatrist's recommendation (25.4%). Thematic analysis indicated fifteen emergent themes: 1) Alienation/ Seclusion; 2) Capacity building; 3) Communication Gap; 4) Conflict of interests; 5) Discomfort at hospital; 6) Economic burden; 7) Government's liability; 8) Family involvement; 9) Imbalance; 10) Acceptance of Legal Incapacity; 11) Legal reforms; 12) Patient centred environment; 13) Quality assurance; 14) Under developed infrastructure and 15) Potential unethical practices. This study advocates for increased patient involvement in collaborative decision making with mental health professionals and the creation of more appropriate inpatient treatment environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Masud Bhatti
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Shamsher Hayat Khan
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmed Khan
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Khalily MT, Loona MI, Bhatti MM, Ahmad I, Saleem T. Smartphone addiction and its associated factors among students in twin cities of Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 2020; 70:1357-1362. [PMID: 32794486 DOI: 10.5455/jpma.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and indicators of smartphone addiction in local population. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted in the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from August 2017 to August 2018, and comprised school, college and university students of either gender aged 12-19 years. Data was collected using Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version with a cut-off score of 31 for boys and 33 for girls. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS Of the 702 subjects screened, 422(60%) had smartphone addiction; 242(57.3%) males and 180(42.6%) females. Social networking applications were significant indicators of the addiction (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Smartphone addiction was found to be high among Pakistani adolescents.
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Khalily MT, Bhatti MM, Ahmad I, Saleem T, Hallahan B, Ali SAEZ, Khan AA, Hussain B. Indigenously adapted cognitive-behavioral therapy for excessive smartphone use (IACBT-ESU): A randomized controlled trial. Psychol Addict Behav 2020; 35:93-101. [PMID: 32700919 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess whether 12 sessions of indigenously adapted cognitive-behavioral therapy for excessive smartphone use (IACBT-ESU) would reduce excessive smartphone use. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in students (12 to 19 years of age) to examine the potential beneficial effects of IACBT-ESU (n = 62) compared with brief educational data alone (n = 62). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and peer relations were also compared between the two groups. The IACBT-ESU group demonstrated significant reductions in excessive smartphone use, with reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, hyperactivity, and emotional difficulties at both trial end and at 3-month follow-up (p < .01) compared with control participants. IACBT-ESU was associated with reduced excessive smartphone use and improved psychological well-being, with beneficial findings maintained 3 months after the trial's end. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad
| | - Tamkeen Saleem
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland
| | | | - Ahmad Ali Khan
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad
| | - Basharat Hussain
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad
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Khalily MT, Saleem T, Bhatti MM, Ahmad I, Hussain B. An Urdu adaptation of smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV). J PAK MED ASSOC 2019; 69:700-710. [PMID: 31105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To adapt the English version of Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version into Urdu language. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to January 2018 at the International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. In the first stage, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version was translated by 8 experts. In stage 2, the translated version was pilot-tested on 30 university students aged 18-19. Finally, the version was tested on the actual subjects who were students aged 11-30 years at schools, colleges and universities within Rawalpindi and Islamabad. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 348 subjects, 216(62%) were males. Overall, 194(55.7%) students were above the addiction cutoff value. Inter-item reliability of the translated version was good (α = 0.81); the construct validity was adequate (P<0.001); Comparative Fit Index = 0.95; Tucker Lewis Index= 0.93; Normative Fit Index= 0.92; and Root Mean Squared Error Approximation = 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version can be used as a screening tool for assessment and identification of smartphone addiction in Pakistan..
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Abdelsalam SI, Bhatti MM. New Insight into AuNP Applications in Tumour Treatment and Cosmetics through Wavy Annuli at the Nanoscale. Sci Rep 2019; 9:260. [PMID: 30670730 PMCID: PMC6343012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to probe the peristaltic propulsion of a non-Newtonian fluid model with suspended gold nanoparticles. The base fluid is considered to simulate blood using the Carreau fluid model. We model a small annulus as a tube with a peristaltic wave containing a clot propagating towards the tube wall. An external variable magnetic field is also considered in the governing flow. An approximation for long wavelengths and small Reynolds numbers is employed to formulate the governing flow problem. The resulting nonlinear equations are solved using a perturbation scheme. Series solutions are obtained for the velocity profile, temperature profile, pressure rise and streamlines. The results indicate an enhancement in the temperature profile that can be utilized in eradicating tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Abdelsalam
- Basic Science, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Al-Shorouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
- Instituto de Matemáticas - Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico.
| | - M M Bhatti
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
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Zeeshan A, Fatima A, Khalid F, Bhatti MM. Interaction between blood and solid particles propagating through a capillary with slip effects. Microvasc Res 2018; 119:38-46. [PMID: 29678730 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the interaction between solid particles and blood propagating through a capillary. A slip condition is considered on the walls of the capillary. The rheological features of the blood are discussed by considering as a two-phase Newtonian fluid model, i.e., the suspension of cells in plasma. A perturbation method is successfully applied to obtain the series solution of the governing coupled differential equations. The series solution for both fluid and particle phase are presented up to second order approximation. The expressions for the velocity and pressure distributions under slip effects are determined within a tube. Furthermore, the current results are beneficial to understand the rheological features of blood which will be helpful to interpret and analyze more complex blood flow models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zeeshan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Fatima
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F Khalid
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M M Bhatti
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University, Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Bhatti MM, Zeeshan A, Ellahi R. Heat transfer analysis on peristaltically induced motion of particle-fluid suspension with variable viscosity: Clot blood model. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2016; 137:115-124. [PMID: 28110718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, heat transfer analysis on clot blood model of the particle-fluid suspension through a non-uniform annulus has been investigated. The blood propagating along the whole length of the annulus was induced by peristaltic motion. The effects of variable viscosity and slip condition are also taken into account. The governing flow problem is modeled using lubrication approach by taking the assumption of long wavelength and creeping flow regime. The resulting equation for fluid phase and particle phase is solved analytically and closed form solutions are obtained. The physical impact of all the emerging parameters is discussed mathematically and graphically. Particularly, we considered the effects of particle volume fraction, slip parameter, the maximum height of clot, viscosity parameter, average volume flow rate, Prandtl number, Eckert number and fluid parameter on temperature profile, pressure rise and friction forces for outer and inner tube. Numerical computations have been used to determine the behavior of pressure rise and friction along the whole length of the annulus. The present study is also presented for an endoscope as a special case of our study. It is observed that greater influence of clot tends to rise the pressure rise significantly. It is also found that temperature profile increases due to the enhancement in Prandtl number, Eckert number, and fluid parameter. The present study reveals that friction forces for outer tube have higher magnitude as compared to the friction forces for an inner tube. In fact, the results for present study can also be reduced to the Newtonian fluid by taking ζ → ∞.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bhatti
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - A Zeeshan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Ellahi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Bhatti MM, Zeeshan A, Ellahi R. Simultaneous effects of coagulation and variable magnetic field on peristaltically induced motion of Jeffrey nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganism. Microvasc Res 2016; 110:32-42. [PMID: 27908703 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article, simultaneous effects of coagulation (blood clot) and variable magnetic field on peristaltically induced motion of non-Newtonian Jeffrey nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganism through an annulus have been studied. The effects of an endoscope also taken into consideration in our study as a special case. The governing flow problem is simplified by taking the approximation of long wavelength and creeping flow regime. The resulting highly coupled differential equations are solved analytically with the help of perturbation method and series solution have been presented up to second order approximation. The impact of all the sundry parameters is discussed for velocity profile, temperature profile, nanoparticle concentration profile, motile microorganism density profile, pressure rise and friction forces. Moreover, numerical integration is also used to evaluate the expressions for pressure rise and friction forces for outer tube and inner tube. It is found that velocity of a fluid diminishes near the walls due to the increment in the height of clot. However, the influence of magnetic field depicts opposite behavior near the walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bhatti
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China.
| | - A Zeeshan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad,Pakistan
| | - R Ellahi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad,Pakistan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bourns Hall, University of California Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Bhatti MM, Hanson GD, Schultz L. Simultaneous determination of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and 10,11-carbamazepine epoxide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 16:1233-40. [PMID: 9571541 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bioanalytical Chemistry Department at the Madison facility of Covance Laboratories, has developed and validated a simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ) and 10,11-carbamazepine epoxide (CBZ-E) in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with 10,11 dihydrocarbamazepine as the internal standard. Acetonitrile was added to plasma samples containing PHT, CBZ and CBZ-E to precipitate the plasma proteins. After centrifugation, the acetonitrile supernatant was transferred to a clean tube and evaporated under N2. The dried sample extract was reconstituted in 0.4 ml of mobile phase and injected for analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Separation was achieved on a Spherisorb ODS2 analytical column with a mobile phase of 18:18:70 acetonitrile:methanol:potassium phosphate buffer. Detection was at 210 nm using an ultraviolet detector. The mean retention times of CBZ-E, PHT and CBZ were 5.8, 9.9 and 11.8 min, respectively. Peak height ratios were fit to a least squares linear regression algorithm with a 1/(concentration)2 weighting. The method produces acceptable linearity, precision and accuracy to a minimum concentration of 0.050 micrograms ml-1 in human plasma. It is also simple and convenient, with no observable matrix interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bhatti
- Covance Laboratories, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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Abstract
Verapamil is a chiral calcium channel blocking drug which is useful clinically as the racemate in treating hypertension and arrhythmia. The published pharmacokinetic data for verapamil enantiomers in the rat model are limited. Utilizing a stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay, the enantiomeric disposition of verapamil is reported after intravenous (1.0 mg kg-1) and oral (10 mg kg-1) administration of racemic verapamil to the rat model. After intravenous administration the systemic clearance of R-verapamil was significantly greater than that of S-verapamil; 34.9 +/- 7 against 23.7 +/- 3.7 mL min-1 kg-1 (mean +/- SD), respectively. After oral administration, the clearance of R-verapamil was significantly greater than that of S-verapamil, 889 +/- 294 against 351 +/- 109 mL min-1 kg-1, respectively. The apparent oral bioavailability of S-verapamil was greater than that of R-verapamil, 0.074 +/- 0.031 against 0.041 +/- 0.011, respectively. These data suggest that the disposition of verapamil in the rat is stereoselective; verapamil undergoes extensive stereoselective first-pass clearance after oral administration and the direction of stereoselectivity in plasma is opposite to that observed in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bhatti
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Bhatti MM, Lewanczuk RZ, Pasutto FM, Foster RT. Pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil enantiomers after administration of immediate and controlled-release formulations to humans:evidence suggesting input-rate determined stereoselectivity. J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 35:1076-82. [PMID: 8626881 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Verapamil is a racemic calcium channel-blocking drug that undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism to an active metabolite, norverapamil. The enantiomers of verapamil and norverapamil have differing negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic activities and differing effects on vascular smooth muscles; the S-enantiomers having greater activity. It is hypothesized that the R/S concentration ratio of verapamil enantiomers may be input-rate dependent. The pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil enantiomers were studied in 11 young, healthy male and female volunteers after oral administration of 80 mg immediate-release (IR) verapamil every 8 hours, and a 240 mg dose once daily of controlled-release (CR) formulation on two separate occasions. Both dosage regimens were continued for 1 week with a minimum 1-week period between the two drug treatments. After the last dose of each regimen, plasma samples were collected over the period corresponding to the dosing interval. Enantiomer concentrations were determined using a microwave-facilitated precolumn derivatization with high performance liquid chromatographic quantification. Stereospecific assay revealed that: (1) stereoselective R- and S-enantiomer disposition occurred regardless of formulation administered; (2) a trend of R:S concentration ratios of verapamil differed between the two formulations; and (3) fluctuations between Cmax and Cmin values of the two formulations were statistically different over respective dosing intervals (greater fluctuation after CR administration). Using nonstereospecific data analyses, however, the pharmacokinetic parameters for verapamil and norverapamil were similar for both formulations over a 24-hour period. We suggest that kinetic differences can be attributed to differences in release rates of drug from the tablet matrices. The relative bioavailabilities of verapamil and norverapamil from the two products may, therefore, be subject to input rate-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bhatti
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Abstract
A valid, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic technique is reported for the separation of the two enantiomers of metoprolol in human plasma. The procedure involves pre-column derivatization with the homochiral reagent S-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl isocyanate. Once formed, the diastereomers are separated using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Fluorescence detection (220 nm excitation; no emission filter) was utilized, resulting in baseline resolution (Rs greater than 1.5). The peaks corresponding to metoprolol enantiomers were free from interference throughout the examined range of 5-500 ng/ml; accuracy and precision were within approximately 10%. Analysis of a plasma sample collected from a healthy volunteer demonstrated that the assay is applicable to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bhatti
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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