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S R, Vaiyakkani G, S SK, Ramachandran A, Rajendran K, Krishnasamy N, Panneerselvam P, Pamarthi J, Rajaram M. Analysis of blood lead level and its clinical significance among occupational exposed painters in chennai based population: A cross sectional study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127257. [PMID: 37437390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Lead is a ubiquitous element found in the earth crust. There is no known physiologic role of lead in human body and hence any amount of lead present in human tissue considered as a contamination. Several studies on lead toxicity show that, occupational exposure remains the main source for lead toxicity and is emerging as important public health problem. Burden and severity of occupational exposure of lead and its clinical significance are gaining more interest in the field of toxicology. Only limited studies are available and there is scarcity of epidemiology data to assess the blood lead levels of workers and the contribution of common workplace practices to lead exposure in India especially from our region. So, the current study is designed to assess the blood lead levels (BLL) and its clinical significance among high risk workers especially painters working in the construction and public private sector in Chennai based population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional case control study included 122 painters and 122 healthy individuals. A detailed questionnaire about demographic details, personal habits, work related safety precautions, presenting symptoms of lead toxicity were given to painter followed by detailed medical examination and blood investigations including blood lead levels were collected and statistically analyzed. The t-test were used to compare mean blood lead levels and to investigate the associations between specific job type, use of self-protection device,sex, service years and occurrence of non-specific symptoms with BLLs. RESULTS The mean BLL of the painters were less than the recommended threshold level. Among painters 13.1% were categorized under BLL > 10 μg/dL. The higher BLL among the painters were directly proportional to year of experience and poor usage of personal protective materials. The levels of Hb, HCT and eosinophil were much correlated with lead toxicity. A marginal significance were observed in some parameters especially urea and creatinine when compared with control. The Cognitive dysfunction, hypertension and renal dysfunction were also observed among the painters. CONCLUSION The BLL in painters among our group were minimal compared to biological reference value. Duration of exposure and association of patient's clinical features like cognitive dysfunction, hypertension and renal dysfunction conditions were observed and this should be carefully monitored and study on huge population of painters with longitudinal aspect is recommended to rule out the clinical correlation of lead toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragunanthanan S
- Poison Control, Training & Research Centre, Institute of Internal Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital & Madras Medical College, 1st floor, Tower II Park Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India
| | - Govardhini Vaiyakkani
- Poison Control, Training & Research Centre, Institute of Internal Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital & Madras Medical College, 1st floor, Tower II Park Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India.
| | - Senthil Kumar S
- Institute of Internal Medicine, K.A.P. Viswanatham Medical College is a medical, Periyamilaguparai, Colletor's office Road, Tamil Nadu 620001, India
| | - Arunkumar Ramachandran
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Madras Medical College, Park Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India.
| | - Karthick Rajendran
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Madras Medical College, Park Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India
| | - Narayanasamy Krishnasamy
- Institute of Hepatobilary Sciences, Madras Medical College & Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 003, India
| | | | - Jayakrishna Pamarthi
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Madras Medical College, Park Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India
| | - Muthukumaran Rajaram
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Madras Medical College, Park Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India
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Ganeshan N, Rajaram M, Ramamoorthy M, Sukumar B. Slivers of Hair - A Clue to Uncover Silver Hair Syndromes. Int J Trichology 2023; 15:36-38. [PMID: 37305184 PMCID: PMC10251288 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_181_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver hair syndromes (SHS) consist of rare autosomal recessive disorders, Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), Griscelli syndrome (GS), and Elejalde disease. CHS is a disorder of vesicle trafficking; characterized by silvery hair, diffuse pigment dilution, immunodeficiency, bleeding diathesis, neurological manifestations, and an accelerated phase due to lymphohistiocytic infiltration. GS is characterized by hypopigmentation of skin and hair, with large clumps of pigment in the hair shaft. There are three types of GS. GS1 and GS2 show neurologic and hematologic impairments; GS3 is restricted to the skin. Some authors suggest that Elejalde syndrome is synonymous with GS Type 1. Here, we report two cases who presented with silver-gray hair but with varied clinical manifestations. With a light microscopic examination of the hair and peripheral smear, a diagnosis has been made. This report highlights the importance of hair shaft microscopy, an inexpensive, noninvasive, and simple tool in the diagnosis of SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha Ganeshan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthukumaran Rajaram
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhavan Ramamoorthy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bharathi Sukumar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Krishnasamy N, Rajendran K, Barua P, Ramachandran A, Panneerselvam P, Rajaram M. Elevated Liver Enzymes along with Comorbidity Is a High Risk Factor for COVID-19 Mortality: A South Indian Study on 1,512 Patients. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:120-127. [PMID: 35233380 PMCID: PMC8845151 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver enzyme abnormalities in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) are being addressed in the literature. The predictive risk of elevated liver enzymes has not been established for COVID-19 mortality. In this study, we hypothesized that elevated liver enzymes at admission can predict the outcome of COVID-19 disease with other known indicators, such as comorbidities. METHODS This retrospective study included all the consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease from March 4th to May 31st, 2020. The study was conducted in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. We assessed demography, clinical variables, COVID-19 severity, laboratory parameters, and outcome. RESULTS We included 1,512 patients, and median age was 47 years (interquartile range: 34-60) with 36.9% being female. Liver enzyme level (aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase) was elevated in 450/1,512 (29.76%) patients. Comorbidity was present in 713/1,512 (47.16%) patients. Patients with liver enzymes' elevation and presence of comorbidity were older, more frequently hospitalized in ICU and had more severe symptoms of COVID-19 at the time of admission. Presence of liver enzymes' elevation with comorbidity was a high risk factor for death (OR: 5.314, 95% CI: 2.278-12.393), as compared to patients with presence of comorbidity (OR: 4.096, 95% CI: 1.833-9.157). CONCLUSIONS Comorbidity combined with liver enzymes' elevation at presentation independently increased the risk of death in COVID-19 by at least 5-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanasamy Krishnasamy
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Sciences, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence to: Narayanasamy Krishnasamy, Institute of Hepatobiliary Sciences, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India. Tel: +91-9841170145, Fax: +91-4425305115, E-mail: ; Karthick Rajendran, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-3347. Tel: +91-9790787578, Fax: +91-4425305115, E-mail:
| | - Karthick Rajendran
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence to: Narayanasamy Krishnasamy, Institute of Hepatobiliary Sciences, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India. Tel: +91-9841170145, Fax: +91-4425305115, E-mail: ; Karthick Rajendran, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600003, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-3347. Tel: +91-9790787578, Fax: +91-4425305115, E-mail:
| | - Parimita Barua
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Sciences, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Ramachandran
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Muthukumaran Rajaram
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Etherajan T, Zahir Hussain S, Rajendran K, Ramachandran A, Natrajan M, Venugopalan N, Elumalai K, Annamalai G, Mathiyalagan G, Panneerselvam P, Pamarthi J, Rajaram M, Anandan G, Natarajan G. Profile of COVID-19 Patients at Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward, Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211035094. [PMID: 34315299 PMCID: PMC8323444 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211035094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health
crisis. During huge surge in COVID-19 cases, most of the patient arrived at
Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai were severe due to late
presentation and also available evidence demonstrating that the delay in
treatment is directly associated with increased mortality or poor patient
outcome. As an innovative concept of Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward were set up to
provide the required critical care for all severe COVID-19 cases. The
experience of setting up of such Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward and profile of
admitted COVID-19 patients were described in this paper. Methods: A total of 4515 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted at Zero Delay
COVID-19 Ward was analyzed retrospectively from 7th July to 31st December
2020. Results: At the time of admission the frequency of dyspnea were 85.6% among them 99.1%
recovered from dyspnea after the oxygen therapy and other management at Zero
Delay COVID-19 Ward. Of the 4515 COVID-19 individuals, about 1829 (40.5%)
had comorbidity, 227 (5%) had died. Multivariable logistic regression
analysis, COVID-19 death was more likely to be associated with comorbidity
(OR: 18.687; 95% CI: 11.229-31.1) than other variables. Conclusions: Comorbidity is an independent high risk factor for mortality of COVID-19
patients. From our observation, it is strongly recommended that effective
zero delay covid-19 ward model will help for the prevention of mortality in
current/expected waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theranirajan Etherajan
- Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Zahir Hussain
- Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Murugan Natrajan
- Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nisha Venugopalan
- Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathiravan Elumalai
- Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Annamalai
- Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Guhan Mathiyalagan
- Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Krishnasamy N, Natarajan M, Ramachandran A, Vivian Thangaraj JW, Etherajan T, Rengarajan J, Shanmugasundaram M, Kandasamy A, Ramamoorthy R, Velusamy A, Obla Lakshmanamoorthy NB, Kanagaraman P, Rahamathula MI, Devadas G, Sathyanathan BP, Rajaji P, Rajendran K, Panneerselvam P, Rajaram M, Panjacharam M. Clinical Outcomes among Asymptomatic or Mildly Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients in an Isolation Facility in Chennai, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:85-90. [PMID: 33205749 PMCID: PMC7790092 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, India has reported the third highest number of COVID-19 cases. Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu state, witnessed a huge surge in COVID-19 cases, resulting in the establishment of isolation facilities named COVID Care Center (CCC). In our study, we describe the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics; clinical progression; and outcome of 1,263 asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients isolated in one such CCC between May 4, 2020 and June 4, 2020. Around 10.5% of the patients progressed to moderate/severe illness, requiring referral for tertiary care, and three died. Nearly half (49.5%) of the patients were symptomatic at the time of admission, 2.2% of the patients developed symptoms post-testing, and 48.5% patients remained asymptomatic during the entire course of illness. Most common presenting symptoms were fever (69.9%) and cough (29.6%), followed by generalized body pain, breathlessness, and loss of smell and taste. On multivariate analysis, we identified that symptomatic patients with comorbidities and higher neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were more likely to progress to severe illness warranting referral for tertiary care. COVID Care Center ensured case isolation and monitoring of asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic patients, thereby providing hospital beds for sick patients. COVID Care Center isolation facilities are safe alternatives for medical institutions to isolate and monitor COVID-19 patients. Older symptomatic patients with comorbidities and a high NLR admitted in an isolation facility must be frequently monitored for prompt identification of clinical progression and referral to higher center for advanced medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murugan Natarajan
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Jayanthi Rengarajan
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Anuradha Kandasamy
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh Ramamoorthy
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Arul Velusamy
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Geetha Devadas
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Poonguzhali Rajaji
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Karthick Rajendran
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Muthukumaran Rajaram
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Mohan Panjacharam
- 1Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India
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Narayanasamy K, Karthick R, Panneerselvam P, Mohan N, Ramachandran A, Prakash R, Rajaram M. Association of metabolic syndrome and patatin-like phospholipase 3 - rs738409 gene variant in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among a Chennai-based south Indian population. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3160. [PMID: 31945251 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly diagnosed in patients presenting with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs738409 in the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene. This association remains to be investigated in the South Indian population. We aimed to determine the association of the PNPLA3 rs738409 gene polymorphism with MetS and NAFLD among a Chennai-based population. METHODS The study comprised 105 NAFLD cases and 102 controls. All subjects were genotyped for the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant and MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Our case-control study showed the association of the variant with NAFLD and MetS. RESULTS The PNPLA3 rs738409 variant was associated with NAFLD and the genotype frequencies (CC/CG/GG) were 19 (18.1%), 50 (47.6%) and 36 (34.3%) in the NAFLD group and 59 (57.8%), 29 (28.4%) and 14 (13.7%) in the control group respectively. We also confirmed the interaction between the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and MetS with respect tto elevated triglyceride levels. However, an association with elevated waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not observed in the present study. CONCLUSIONS The PNPLA3 rs738409 gene polymorphism increases the risk of NAFLD by up to four-fold in subjects with an elevated level of triglyceride independent of other features of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajendran Karthick
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Nithya Mohan
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Ramachandran
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radhika Prakash
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Sciences, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthukumaran Rajaram
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumar SS, Rajaram M. An effective design of parity check matrix for LDPC codes using multi-objective gravitational search algorithm. IJBET 2019. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbet.2019.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gnana Sundari M, Rajaram M, Balaraman S. Application of improved firefly algorithm for programmed PWM in multilevel inverter with adjustable DC sources. Appl Soft Comput 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lakshmi KB, Rajaram M. Impact of information technology reliance and innovativeness on rural healthcare services: study of dindigul district in Tamilnadu, India. Telemed J E Health 2012; 18:360-70. [PMID: 22568437 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2011.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this report was to analyze the influence of information technology (IT) applications and innovativeness on the acceptance of rural healthcare services. METHODS The impact of IT application, domain-specific innovativeness, and technology acceptance model (TAM) variables on future health IT (HIT) utilization intention has been tested through structural equation modeling techniques. The sample consisted of 465 rural health personnel from the Dindigul District of Tamilnadu, India, who had never had access to IT. RESULTS Data analysis showed that health workers' innovativeness and IT application have a direct and positive influence on future HIT utilization intention and that the basic TAM hypotheses are fulfilled. IT application can be increased with interfaces that are easier to use, but only if perceived usefulness remains high. Health personnel's innovativeness positively influences technology exposure and the ease of use perception of the IT medium, referred to throughout this article as the "health channel." CONCLUSIONS This research enables health departments to know which aspects of their communication strategies to highlight in order to get health personnel and other service providers to adopt IT. Perceived ease of use and IT application has a significant influence on health personnel's willingness to adopt HIT. This shows that health information and adoption by health personnel are key tools in the increase of future HIT. It is also recommended that health directors target some of their health campaigns to the more innovative beneficiaries. There are still too few studies that have analyzed the effects of innovativeness and IT adoption on behavior of health personnel. This work aimed to combine the influence of IT adoption, innovativeness, and the traditional TAM in order to construct an improved model for HIT acceptance. It will require an integrated model to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bhagya Lakshmi
- Department of Management Studies, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
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Rao PS, Devi S, Shriyan A, Rajaram M, Jagdishchandra K. DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN A RURAL SETUP : COMPARISON OF CLINICAL ALGORITHM, SMEAR SCORING AND CULTURE BY SEMIQUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUE. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rao PS, Devi S, Shriyan A, Rajaram M, Jagdishchandra K. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in a rural setup: comparison of clinical algorithm, smear scoring and culture by semiquantitative technique. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004; 22:47-50. [PMID: 17642686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a rural set up and compare the smear scoring system to that of culture by semiquantitative technique. A total of 505 married women, who were in sexually active age group of 15-44 years, were selected from three different villages. High vaginal swabs, endocervical swabs, vaginal discharge and blood were collected and processed in the laboratory. Overall prevalence of 29% reproductive tract infection was detected. Endogenous infection was commonly observed (27.92%), and very low prevalence of STIs (Trichomonas 1.18%, Syphilis 0%, Gonorrhea 0%) was detected. Diagnosis of BV was possible in 104 (20.5%) women by smear alone and 88 (17.42%) women by semiquantitative culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Rao
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal - 576 119, Karnataka, India
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Moukarzel
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
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Abstract
The annual percentage of patients with convulsive seizure in the Neurological Department of the Bangur Institute of Neurology, Calcutta, is found to be significantly correlated with the annual values of sunspot numbers and geomagnetic activity indices for the period 1955--1971. For a particular geomagnetic activity index the correlation coefficient is significant at a 99% confidence level. The study shows that a proper choice of elements in the series is important in studies undertaken to establish the biological effects of solar activity.
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