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Viant MR, Amstalden E, Athersuch T, Bouhifd M, Camuzeaux S, Crizer DM, Driemert P, Ebbels T, Ekman D, Flick B, Giri V, Gómez-Romero M, Haake V, Herold M, Kende A, Lai F, Leonards PEG, Lim PP, Lloyd GR, Mosley J, Namini C, Rice JR, Romano S, Sands C, Smith MJ, Sobanski T, Southam AD, Swindale L, van Ravenzwaay B, Walk T, Weber RJM, Zickgraf FM, Kamp H. Demonstrating the reliability of in vivo metabolomics based chemical grouping: towards best practice. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1111-1123. [PMID: 38368582 PMCID: PMC10944399 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
While grouping/read-across is widely used to fill data gaps, chemical registration dossiers are often rejected due to weak category justifications based on structural similarity only. Metabolomics provides a route to robust chemical categories via evidence of shared molecular effects across source and target substances. To gain international acceptance, this approach must demonstrate high reliability, and best-practice guidance is required. The MetAbolomics ring Trial for CHemical groupING (MATCHING), comprising six industrial, government and academic ring-trial partners, evaluated inter-laboratory reproducibility and worked towards best-practice. An independent team selected eight substances (WY-14643, 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline, 17α-methyl-testosterone, trenbolone, aniline, dichlorprop-p, 2-chloroaniline, fenofibrate); ring-trial partners were blinded to their identities and modes-of-action. Plasma samples were derived from 28-day rat tests (two doses per substance), aliquoted, and distributed to partners. Each partner applied their preferred liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics workflows to acquire, process, quality assess, statistically analyze and report their grouping results to the European Chemicals Agency, to ensure the blinding conditions of the ring trial. Five of six partners, whose metabolomics datasets passed quality control, correctly identified the grouping of eight test substances into three categories, for both male and female rats. Strikingly, this was achieved even though a range of metabolomics approaches were used. Through assessing intrastudy quality-control samples, the sixth partner observed high technical variation and was unable to group the substances. By comparing workflows, we conclude that some heterogeneity in metabolomics methods is not detrimental to consistent grouping, and that assessing data quality prior to grouping is essential. We recommend development of international guidance for quality-control acceptance criteria. This study demonstrates the reliability of metabolomics for chemical grouping and works towards best-practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Viant
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - E Amstalden
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Athersuch
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - M Bouhifd
- European Chemicals Agency, Telakkakatu 6, FI-00121, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Camuzeaux
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - D M Crizer
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - P Driemert
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Ebbels
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - D Ekman
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - B Flick
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- NUVISAN ICB GmbH, Toxicology, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Giri
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - M Gómez-Romero
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - V Haake
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Herold
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Kende
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - F Lai
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - P E G Leonards
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P P Lim
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - G R Lloyd
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - J Mosley
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - C Namini
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - J R Rice
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - S Romano
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - C Sands
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - M J Smith
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - T Sobanski
- European Chemicals Agency, Telakkakatu 6, FI-00121, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A D Southam
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - L Swindale
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - B van Ravenzwaay
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Environmental Sciences Consulting, 67122, Altrip, Germany
| | - T Walk
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - R J M Weber
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - F M Zickgraf
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - H Kamp
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Alur R, Hall E, Smith MJ, Zakrison T, Loughran C, Cosey-Gay F, Kaufman EJ. What medical-legal partnerships can do for trauma patients and trauma care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2024; 96:340-345. [PMID: 38147579 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Trauma patients are particularly vulnerable to the impact of preexisting social and legal determinants of health postinjury. Trauma patients have a wide range of legal needs, including housing, employment, debt, insurance coverage, and access to federal and state benefits. Legal support could provide vital assistance to address the social determinants of health for injured patients. Medical legal partnerships (MLPs) embed legal professionals within health care teams to improve health by addressing legal needs that affect health. Medical legal partnerships have a successful track record in oncology, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and pediatrics, but have been little used in trauma. We conducted a scoping review to describe the role of MLPs and their potential to improve health outcomes for patients with traumatic injuries. We found that MLPs use legal remedies to address a variety of social and structural conditions that could affect patient health across several patient populations, such as children with asthma and patients with cancer. Legal intervention can assist patients in obtaining stable and healthy housing, employment opportunities, debt relief, access to public benefits, and immigration assistance. Medical legal partnership structure varies across institutions. In some, MLP lawyers are employed directly by a health care institution. In others, MLPs function as partnerships between a health system and an external legal organization. Medical legal partnerships have been found to reduce hospital readmissions, increase treatment utilization by patients, decrease patient stress levels, and benefit health systems financially. This scoping review outlines the potential of MLPs to improve outcomes for injured patients. Establishing trauma-focused MLPs could be a feasible intervention for trauma centers around the country seeking to improve health outcomes and reduce disparities for injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Alur
- From the Perelman School of Medicine (R.A.); Carey School of Law (R.A.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery (E.H.), Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Community Violence Intervention Program (M.J.S.), Washington, District of Columbia; Critical Trauma Research (T.Z.), University of Chicago Medicine; Legal Aid Chicago (C.L.); Violence Recovery Program (F.C.-G.), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery (E.J.K.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Sivarajah G, Snow H, Wilkinson MJ, Strauss DC, Smith MJ, Hayes AJ. Low local recurrence rates following marginal surgical resection of non-coelomic Atypical Lipomatous Tumours/Well-differentiated Liposarcomas. Eur J Surg Oncol 2024; 50:107301. [PMID: 38041960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High rates of local recurrence (LR) have been reported following resection of extremity Atypical lipomatous tumours/Well-differentiated liposarcomas (ALTs). This retrospective study of patients who underwent resection of primary deep extremity and trunk ALTs at a specialist sarcoma centre aims to assess morbidity and factors associated with low local recurrence rates (LRR). METHODS To review a homogeneous cohort of patients with low-grade disease, tumours with known high-risk histological features were excluded. Prognostic variables potentially influencing local recurrence (LR) (age, size, site, margin status, and histological findings) were analysed. Endpoints were LR, distant recurrence (DR) and local disease-free survival (LDFS). RESULTS 127 patients were identified, with median follow-up of 54 months (0-235). Median tumour size was 17.5 cm (5-36). 85 % occurred in the lower limb. 93.7 % underwent marginal resection. No patients received radiotherapy. Median hospital stay was 3 days (0-16). 7.9 % returned to theatre for evacuation of haematoma or infected seroma and 18.1 % had outpatient seroma aspiration. Surgical margins were R0/R1 in 93.7 % of patients and R2 in 6.3 % with a LR rate of 8.4 % and 75 % respectively at median time of 54 months. One- and 5-year LDFS was 100 % and 88.4 %, respectively. DR rate was 0.8 % (1/127) this patient had pleomorphic liposarcomatous transformation on recurrence and subsequently developed distant metastases. No patients died of disease. CONCLUSION Function-preserving marginal resection of non-coelomic ALTs has low morbidity, low LR and extremely low rates of distant relapse. Patients with lower limb ALT were found to have significantly lower LR, which may impact follow-up protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gausihi Sivarajah
- Sarcoma and Melanoma Unit, Department of Academic Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hayden Snow
- Sarcoma and Melanoma Unit, Department of Academic Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle J Wilkinson
- Sarcoma and Melanoma Unit, Department of Academic Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Dirk C Strauss
- Sarcoma and Melanoma Unit, Department of Academic Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Myles Jf Smith
- Sarcoma and Melanoma Unit, Department of Academic Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Hayes
- Sarcoma and Melanoma Unit, Department of Academic Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
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Gallen K, Loughran C, Smith MJ, Schille C, Schuster K, Reese M, Sonnenberg J, Song JS, Kaufman E, Hall EC. Addressing Legal Needs as Violence Prevention: A National Survey of Legal Services Offered through Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2023; 34:1427-1444. [PMID: 38661765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) provide comprehensive services to survivors of community violence to address social determinants of health (SDOH) as risks factors for future violence. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) integrate lawyers into health care teams to address SDOH through the application of the law. Despite shared purposes, it is unknown if HVIP-MLPs exist. We sought to quantify the existing landscape of legal services provided by HVIPs, identify HVIP-MLPs, and characterize barriers to formation. Surveys and interviews were conducted in 2020 with 35 HVIPs of the Health Alliance for Violence Intervention (HAVI) concerning civil legal services. Most HVIPs screened for civil legal needs though none had an official MLP. Common civil legal needs included housing, mental health, and education. Barriers included no memorandum of understanding, legal confusion, funding, and overwhelming need. In 2021, no HVIP-MLP partnerships existed within HAVI. Establishing HVIP-MLPs may further support survivors of violence and address health inequity.
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Khan M, Wilkerson H, Vassos N, Hannay JA, Thway K, Messiou C, Hayes AJ, Strauss DC, Smith MJ. Oncologic outcomes of surgically managed primary pelvic soft tissue sarcoma; tumour biology or surgical constraints of the true pelvis? Eur J Surg Oncol 2022; 49:941-949. [PMID: 36566120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelvic soft tissue sarcomas are rare. Potentially curative resection remains challenging due to anatomical constraints of true pelvis and tumour spread through various anatomical hiatus. We sought to review the oncological outcomes of surgically managed cases at our centre and determine whether outcomes differ for patients with localised (limited to pelvis) versus extensive disease (with extra-pelvic extension). METHODS Sixty-seven patients who underwent surgical resection with curative intent at the centre for primary, non-metastatic, WHO intermediate to high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the true pelvis from January 2012 through January 2020 were analysed. Establishment of the extent of disease was made by review of pre-treatment imaging and surgical notes. Oncologic endpoints examined were resection margin, recurrence rate, disease-free and overall survival. RESULTS Rates of complete oncological resection and disease control were similar for tumours with localised or extensive disease. On logistic regression analysis, tumour grade, and a negative resection margin (R0) correlated with the risk of recurrence (p=<0.05). On further multinomial analysis, R0 resection was associated with improved local control, but not metastatic relapse (p = 0.003). 5-year local recurrence-free and distant metastasis-free survival were 61.3% and 67.1%, respectively. Five and 10-year overall survival were 64% and 36%, respectively. Age >50 years and high tumour grade were associated with a worse outcome (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS When potentially curative surgery is performed for pelvic sarcoma, disease-extent does not influence oncologic outcomes. While a complete oncologic resection determines the risk of local recurrence, tumour grade and metastatic relapse remain primary prognostic determinants for overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Khan
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nikolaos Vassos
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - Khin Thway
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Messiou
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Hayes
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Cornelius Strauss
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - Myles Jf Smith
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom.
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Johnston EW, Alves A, Messiou C, Napolitano A, Strauss D, Hayes A, Smith MJ, Benson C, Jones RL, Gennatas S, Fotiadis N. Percutaneous cryoablation for desmoid fibromatosis: initial experience at a UK centre. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:784-793. [PMID: 35850865 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report the first UK experience of cryoablation in desmoid fibromatosis (DF) with particular focus on technique, safety, and efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were selected at multidisciplinary tumour board meetings at a specialist cancer hospital. Radiation dose, procedure duration, and number of cryoprobes were compared for small versus large tumours (>10 cm long axis). Response at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated using different criteria, and percentage agreement with clinical response as assessed in oncology clinic calculated. RESULTS Thirteen procedures were performed in 10 patients (eight women, median age 51 years, IQR 42-69 years) between February 2019 and August 2021. Procedures for large tumours had higher radiation dose (2,012 ± 1,012 versus 1,076 ± 519 mGy·cm, p=0.048) used more cryoprobes (13 ± 7 versus 4 ± 2, p=0.009), and were more likely to have residual unablated tumour (38 ± 37% versus 7.5 ± 10%, p=0.045). Adverse events were minor apart from one transient radial nerve palsy. Eight of 10 patients had symptomatic benefit at clinical follow-up (median 353 days, IQR 86-796 days), and three started systemic therapy mean 393 days later. All patients who had complete ablation demonstrated symptomatic response, with no instances of repeat treatment, recurrence, or need for systemic therapy during the study period. All progression occurred outside ablation zones. CONCLUSION Cryoablation for symptomatic DF is a reproducible technique with low, transient toxicity, where one or two treatments can achieve a meaningful response. Where possible, the ablation ice ball should fully cover DF tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Johnston
- Interventional Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
| | - A Alves
- Medial Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Messiou
- Diagnostic Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Napolitano
- Medial Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Strauss
- Academic Surgical Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Hayes
- Academic Surgical Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M J Smith
- Academic Surgical Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Benson
- Medial Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - R L Jones
- Medial Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Gennatas
- Medial Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Fotiadis
- Interventional Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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Huis In 't Veld EA, Grünhagen DJ, van Coevorden F, Smith MJ, van Akkooi AC, Wouters MWJM, Verhoef C, Strauss DC, Hayes AJ, van Houdt WJ. Adequate surgical margins for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans - A multi-centre analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:436-442. [PMID: 32773140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a locally aggressive tumour. Adequate margins have a positive impact on recurrence rates. The aim of this study is to assess how adequate margins are achieved and secondly which additional treatment modalities might be necessary to achieve adequate margins. MATERIAL & METHODS Patients with DFSP treated between 1991 and 2016 at three tertiary centres were included. Patient- and tumour characteristics were obtained from a prospectively held database and patient files. RESULTS A total of 279 patients with a median age of 39 (Interquartile range [IQ], 31-50) years and a median follow-up of 50 (IQ, 18-96) months were included. When DFSP was preoperatively confirmed by biopsy and resected with an oncological operation in a tertiary centre, in 86% was had clear pathological margins after one excision. Wider resection margins were significantly correlated with more reconstructions (p = 0.002). A substantial discrepancy between the primary surgical macroscopic and the pathological margins was found with a median difference of 22 (range, 10-46) mm (Fig. 1). There was no significant influence of the width of the pathological clear margins (if > 1 mm) and the recurrence rate (p = 0.710). CONCLUSION The wider the resection margins, the more likely it is to obtain clear pathological margins, but the more likely patients will need any form of reconstruction after resection. The aim of the primary excision should be wide surgical resection, where the width of the margin should be balanced against the need for reconstructions and surgical morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - D J Grünhagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F van Coevorden
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Smith
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A C van Akkooi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M W J M Wouters
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D C Strauss
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A J Hayes
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - W J van Houdt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Smith MJ, Hayward SA, Innes SM. Point-of-care ultrasound in respiratory and critical care: consolidation and expansion of imaging skills. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:1115-1116. [PMID: 32396984 PMCID: PMC7272957 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S A Hayward
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation trust, Blackpool, UK
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Abstract
Ultrasound imaging of the lung and associated tissues may play an important role in the management of patients with COVID-19-associated lung injury. Compared with other monitoring modalities, such as auscultation or radiographic imaging, we argue lung ultrasound has high diagnostic accuracy, is ergonomically favourable and has fewer infection control implications. By informing the initiation, escalation, titration and weaning of respiratory support, lung ultrasound can be integrated into COVID-19 care pathways for patients with respiratory failure. Given the unprecedented pressure on healthcare services currently, supporting and educating clinicians is a key enabler of the wider implementation of lung ultrasound. This narrative review provides a summary of evidence and clinical guidance for the use and interpretation of lung ultrasound for patients with moderate, severe and critical COVID-19-associated lung injury. Mechanisms by which the potential lung ultrasound workforce can be deployed are explored, including a pragmatic approach to training, governance, imaging, interpretation of images and implementation of lung ultrasound into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S A Hayward
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, UK
| | - S M Innes
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, UK
| | - A S C Miller
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine Shrewsbury, Telford Hospitals, Telford, UK
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Lee ATJ, Chew W, Wilding CP, Guljar N, Smith MJ, Strauss DC, Fisher C, Hayes AJ, Judson I, Thway K, Jones RL, Huang PH. The adequacy of tissue microarrays in the assessment of inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity of infiltrating lymphocyte burden in leiomyosarcoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14602. [PMID: 31601875 PMCID: PMC6787212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterisation and clinical relevance of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in leiomyosarcoma (LMS), a subtype of soft tissue sarcoma that exhibits histological heterogeneity, is not established. The use of tissue microarrays (TMA) in studies that profile TIL burden is attractive but given the potential for intra-tumoural heterogeneity to introduce sampling errors, the adequacy of this approach is undetermined. In this study, we assessed the histological inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity in TIL burden within a retrospective cohort of primary LMS specimens. Using a virtual TMA approach, we also analysed the optimal number of TMA cores required to provide an accurate representation of TIL burden in a full tissue section. We establish that LMS have generally low and spatially homogenous TIL burdens, although a small proportion exhibit higher levels and more heterogeneous distribution of TILs. We show that a conventional and practical number (e.g. ≤3) of TMA cores is adequate for correct ordinal categorisation of tumours with high or low TIL burden, but that many more cores (≥11) are required to accurately estimate absolute TIL numbers. Our findings provide a benchmark for the design of future studies aiming to define the clinical relevance of the immune microenvironments of LMS and other sarcoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T J Lee
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - W Chew
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - C P Wilding
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - N Guljar
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - M J Smith
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - D C Strauss
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - C Fisher
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - A J Hayes
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - I Judson
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - K Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - R L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.,Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - P H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
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van Veen EM, Smith MJ, Byers HJ, Wallace AJ, Lalloo FI, Newman WG, Evans DGR. Abstract PD1-05: Transgenerational epigenetic silencing of BRCA1 due to a germline variant unmasks a new mechanism for familial breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-pd1-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In families with multiple affected individuals with early-onset breast/ovarian cancer pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are identified in approximately 20% of the cases. Extensive efforts have been made to identify additional highly penetrant breast cancer genes or alternative mutational mechanisms affecting BRCA1 and BRCA2 to explain the missing heritability. It has been proposed that part of the missing heritability may be explained by gene silencing due to promoter methylation of cancer associated genes, as described in colorectal cancer (MLH1 and MSH2). Here, for the first time, we report two independent families with multiple individuals affected by breast and ovarian cancer with transgenerational promoter methylation of BRCA1.
RNA analysis of BRCA1 in the germline of breast/ovarian families, previously found to be BRCA1/2 mutation negative by Sanger sequencing and copy number analysis, identified two families with allelic loss of expression. To investigate the mechanism of transcriptional silencing, a total of 14 affected and unaffected family members from these two families were tested for BRCA1 promoter methylation by pyrosequencing in blood, buccal, and hair follicle cells. Allele specific methylation was determined by clonal bisulphite sequencing.
BRCA1 promoter methylation in all three germ layers was present in 11 of 14 family members. Of the 7 women with promoter methylation five were affected with grade 3 breast/high grade serous ovarian cancer. The four males with BRCA1 promoter methylation had no history of cancer. Methylation levels were ˜50%, consistent with the silencing of one allele detected in RNA in these family members. Clonal bisulphite sequencing of an affected family member of each family confirmed that the alternative allele was specifically methylated. Interestingly, in both families the methylation pattern of the BRCA1 promoter segregated with the same novel heterozygous variant in the 5'UTR of BRCA1.
These results indicate a novel mechanism for familial breast/ovarian cancer, caused by epigenetic silencing of one allele by transgenerational hypermethylation of the BRCA1 promoter, secondary to a variant in cis of BRCA1. We propose that methylation analyses are indicated in all families affected by early onset breast/ovarian cancer where standard mutation screening of BRCA1/2 has not identified a causative variant.
Citation Format: van Veen EM, Smith MJ, Byers HJ, Wallace AJ, Lalloo FI, Newman WG, Evans DGR. Transgenerational epigenetic silencing of BRCA1 due to a germline variant unmasks a new mechanism for familial breast and ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD1-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- EM van Veen
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Prevention Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - MJ Smith
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Prevention Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - HJ Byers
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Prevention Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - AJ Wallace
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Prevention Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - FI Lalloo
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Prevention Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - WG Newman
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Prevention Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - DGR Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Prevention Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Vaglica V, Sajeva M, McGough HN, Hutchison D, Russo C, Gordon AD, Ramarosandratana AV, Stuppy W, Smith MJ. Monitoring internet trade to inform species conservation actions. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ostrow KL, Bergner AL, Blakeley J, Evans DG, Ferner R, Friedman JM, Harris GJ, Jordan JT, Korf B, Langmead S, Leschziner G, Mautner V, Merker VL, Papi L, Plotkin SR, Slopis JM, Smith MJ, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Yohay K, Belzberg AJ. Creation of an international registry to support discovery in schwannomatosis. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:407-413. [PMID: 27759912 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Schwannomatosis is a tumor suppressor syndrome that causes multiple tumors along peripheral nerves. Formal diagnostic criteria were first published in 2005. Variability in clinical presentation and a relative lack of awareness of the syndrome have contributed to difficulty recognizing affected individuals and accurately describing the natural history of the disorder. Many critical questions such as the mutations underlying schwannomatosis, genotype-phenotype correlations, inheritance patterns, pathologic diagnosis of schwannomatosis-associated schwannomas, tumor burden in schwannomatosis, the incidence of malignancy, and the effectiveness of current, or new treatments remain unanswered. A well-curated registry of schwannomatosis patients is needed to facilitate research in field. An international consortium of clinicians and scientists across multiple disciplines with expertise in schwannomatosis was established and charged with the task of designing and populating a schwannomatosis patient registry. The International Schwannomatosis Registry (ISR) was built around key data points that allow confirmation of the diagnosis and identification of potential research subjects to advance research to further the knowledge base for schwannomatosis. A registry with 389 participants enrolled to date has been established. Twenty-three additional subjects are pending review. A formal process has been established for scientific investigators to propose research projects, identify eligible subjects, and seek collaborators from ISR sites. Research collaborations have been created using the information collected by the registry and are currently being conducted. The ISR is a platform from which multiple research endeavors can be launched, facilitating connections between affected individuals interested in participating in research and researchers actively investigating a variety of aspects of schwannomatosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ostrow
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A L Bergner
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J Blakeley
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - D G Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - R Ferner
- Guy's Hospital in London, London, England
| | - J M Friedman
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G J Harris
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J T Jordan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - B Korf
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - S Langmead
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - V Mautner
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V L Merker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L Papi
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S R Plotkin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J M Slopis
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - M J Smith
- University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | | | - K Yohay
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - R Hall
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - J Stabler
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - P Hacking
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne
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15
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Nboyine JA, Boyer S, Saville D, Smith MJ, Wratten SD. Ground wētā in vines of the Awatere Valley, Marlborough: biology, density and distribution. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2016.1193548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Gerkes EH, Fock JM, den Dunnen WFA, van Belzen MJ, van der Lans CA, Hoving EW, Fakkert IE, Smith MJ, Evans DG, Olderode-Berends MJW. A heritable form of SMARCE1-related meningiomas with important implications for follow-up and family screening. Neurogenetics 2016; 17:83-9. [PMID: 26803492 PMCID: PMC4794526 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-015-0472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood meningiomas are rare. Recently, a new hereditary tumor predisposition syndrome has been discovered, resulting in an increased risk for spinal and intracranial clear cell meningiomas (CCMs) in young patients. Heterozygous loss-of-function germline mutations in the SMARCE1 gene are causative, giving rise to an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. We report on an extended family with a pediatric CCM patient and an adult CCM patient and several asymptomatic relatives carrying a germline SMARCE1 mutation, and discuss difficulties in genetic counseling for this heritable condition. Because of the few reported cases so far, the lifetime risk of developing meningiomas for SMARCE1 mutation carriers is unclear and the complete tumor spectrum is unknown. There is no surveillance guideline for asymptomatic carriers nor a long-term follow-up recommendation for SMARCE1-related CCM patients as yet. Until more information is available about the penetrance and tumor spectrum of the condition, we propose the following screening advice for asymptomatic SMARCE1 mutation carriers: neurological examination and MRI of the brain and spine, yearly from diagnosis until the age of 18 and once every 3 years thereafter, or in between if there are clinical symptoms. This advice can also be used for long-term patient follow-up. More data is needed to optimize this proposed screening advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J M Fock
- Department of Neurology, Child neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Pathology division, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J van Belzen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C A van der Lans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E W Hoving
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I E Fakkert
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D G Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M J W Olderode-Berends
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Renz BW, Kasparek MS, Seeliger H, Worthley DL, Jauch KW, Kreis ME, Smith MJ, Mueller MH. The CR-POSSUM Risk Calculator Predicts Failure of Enhanced Recovery after Colorectal Surgery. Acta Chir Belg 2015; 115:20-26. [PMID: 26021787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine predictors of failed enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients after elective colorectal surgery. METHODS A cohort of 55 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery was monitored prospectively. Perioperative care was based on a previously established protocol for ERAS. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative parameters were analyzed to elicit predictors of ERAS failure. ERAS failure was defined as prolonged hospital stay (> 7 days). The risk calculator CR-POSSUM was evaluated for its clinical utility. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI) or the American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) was not associated with ERAS failure on univariate analysis, but patients that failed ERAS were significantly older (64 y vs 54 y ; p = 0.023). Prolonged length of stay (> 7 days) was also associated with an open approach (p = 0.009), intraoperative nasogastric tube placement (p = 0.005), blood loss > 500 ml (p = 0.008), stoma formation (p = 0.006) and insertion of more than one intraabdominal drain during surgery (p = 0.005). Postoperative continuation of intravenous fluids (p = 0.027), reinsertion of urinary catheter (p = 0.045) and postoperative ileus (p = 0.020) were also strongly associated with delayed discharge on univariate analysis. After multivariate analysis the preoperative parameters CR-POSSUM score (p = 0.022), increasing BMI (p = 0.014) and preoperative albumin level (p = 0.031) were all independently associated with failure of ERAS. CONCLUSIONS A variety of perioperative factors contribute to failure of ERAS in routine practice. CR-POSSUM can help to identify patients at risk for possible failure of ERAS. This may help to optimize avoidable factors, or accommodate those patients likely to require a longer post-operative stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Renz
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, Irving Cancer Research Center, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Manley AJ, Greenlees IA, Smith MJ, Batten J, Birch PDJ. The influence of coach reputation on the behavioral responses of male soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:e111-20. [PMID: 23992527 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the impact of reputation information on athletes' behavioral responses to coaches within a naturalistic, field-based setting. Using a between-group design, male soccer players (n = 35) were assigned to one of three experimental conditions (i.e., experienced reputation, inexperienced reputation, no reputation) prior to taking part in a coaching session delivered by an unknown coach. Participants' behaviors indicative of attention to coach instruction, effort and persistence, and willingness to participate in demonstrations were video recorded throughout the coaching session. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed that participants in the experienced reputation condition exhibited significantly greater attention to coach instruction, and greater effort and persistence during free practice than participants in the inexperienced reputation condition. Results related to participants' willingness to participate in demonstrations failed to yield any significant differences. The results provide further evidence to support the contention that athletes use reputation information as a basis for their initial expectancies of coaches, and such expectancies have the potential to influence athletes' behavior during coach-athlete interactions. The findings also indicate that expectancies based on positive information may be more powerful than negatively framed expectancies, and can be harnessed by coaches as a means of developing effective relationships with their athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Manley
- Research Institute of Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK
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Dobbs S, Metreveli Z, Seth KK, Tomaradze A, Xiao T, Martin L, Powell A, Wilkinson G, Mendez H, Asner DM, Tatishvili G, Ge JY, Huang GS, Miller DH, Pavlunin V, Shipsey IPJ, Xin B, Adams GS, Hu D, Moziak B, Napolitano J, Ecklund KM, Insler J, Muramatsu H, Park CS, Pearson LJ, Thorndike EH, Ricciardi S, Thomas C, Artuso M, Blusk S, Mountain R, Skwarnicki T, Stone S, Zhang LM, Bonvicini G, Cinabro D, Lincoln A, Smith MJ, Zhou P, Zhu J, Naik P, Rademacker J, Edwards KW, Randrianarivony K, Briere RA, Vogel H, Onyisi PUE, Rosner JL, Alexander JP, Cassel DG, Das S, Ehrlich R, Gibbons L, Gray SW, Hartill DL, Heltsley BK, Kreinick DL, Kuznetsov VE, Patterson JR, Peterson D, Riley D, Ryd A, Sadoff AJ, Shi X, Sun WM, Yelton J, Rubin P, Lowrey N, Mehrabyan S, Selen M, Wiss J, Libby J, Kornicer M, Mitchell RE, Tarbert CM, Besson D, Pedlar TK, Cronin-Hennessy D, Hietala J. First measurement of the form factors in the decays D0 → ρ- e+ ν(e) and D+ → ρ0 e+ ν(e). Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:131802. [PMID: 23581310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The beauty to up quark coupling constant |V(ub)| can be extracted from B → ρ e+ ν(e) combined with the form factors for D → K* e+ ν(e) and B → V ℓ+ ℓ- and D → ρ e+ ν(e). Using the entire CLEO-c ψ(3770) → DD event sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 818 pb(-1) and approximately 5.4×10(6) DD events, we measure the form factors for the decays D0 → ρ- e+ ν(e) and D+ → ρ0 e+ ν(e) for the first time and the branching fractions with improved precision. A four-dimensional unbinned maximum likelihood fit determines the form factor ratios to be V(0)/A1(0)=1.48±0.15±0.05 and A2(0)/A1(0)=0.83±0.11±0.04. Assuming Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity, the known D meson lifetimes, and our measured branching fractions we obtain the form factor normalizations A1(0), A2(0), and V(0). We also present a measurement of the branching fraction for D+ → ω e+ ν(e) with improved precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dobbs
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Kavanagh DO, Carter MC, Keegan D, Doherty G, Smith MJ, Hyland JMP, Mulcahy H, Sheahan K, O' Connell PR, O' Donoghue DP, Winter DC. Management of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Tech Coloproctol 2013; 18:23-8. [PMID: 23407916 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-013-0981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the clinicopathological features and survival rates of patients with inflammatory bowel disease who developed colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A retrospective review was performed on a prospectively maintained institutional database (1981-2011) to identify patients with inflammatory bowel disease who developed CRC. Clinicopathological parameters, management and outcomes were analysed. RESULTS A total of 2,843 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were identified. One thousand six hundred and forty-two had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 1,201 had Crohn's disease (CD). Following exclusion criteria, there were 29 patients with biopsy-proven colorectal carcinoma, 22 of whom had UC and 7 had CD. Twenty-six patients had a preoperative diagnosis of malignancy/dysplasia; 16 of these were diagnosed at surveillance endoscopy. Nodal/distant metastasis was identified at presentation in 47 and 71 % of the UC and CD group, respectively. Operative morbidity for UC and CD was 33 and 17 %, respectively. Despite the less favourable operative outcomes following surgery management of UC-related CRC, overall 5-year survival was significantly better in the UC group compared to the CD group (41 vs. 29 %; p = 0.04) reflecting the difference in stage at presentation between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients who undergo surgery for UC-related CRC have less favourable short-term outcomes but present at a less advanced stage and have a more favourable long-term prognosis than similar patients with CRC and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Kavanagh
- Center for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,
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Brodeur M, Brunner T, Champagne C, Ettenauer S, Smith MJ, Lapierre A, Ringle R, Ryjkov VL, Bacca S, Delheij P, Drake GWF, Lunney D, Schwenk A, Dilling J. First direct mass measurement of the two-neutron halo nucleus 6He and improved mass for the four-neutron halo 8He. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:052504. [PMID: 22400930 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.052504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The first direct mass measurement of {6}He has been performed with the TITAN Penning trap mass spectrometer at the ISAC facility. In addition, the mass of {8}He was determined with improved precision over our previous measurement. The obtained masses are m({6}He)=6.018 885 883(57) u and m({8}He)=8.033 934 44(11) u. The {6}He value shows a deviation from the literature of 4σ. With these new mass values and the previously measured atomic isotope shifts we obtain charge radii of 2.060(8) and 1.959(16) fm for {6}He and {8}He, respectively. We present a detailed comparison to nuclear theory for {6}He, including new hyperspherical harmonics results. A correlation plot of the point-proton radius with the two-neutron separation energy demonstrates clearly the importance of three-nucleon forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brodeur
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 2A3.
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Rogers A, Smith MJ, Doolan P, Clarke C, Clynes M, Murphy JF, McDermott A, Swan N, Crotty P, Ridgway PF, Conlon KC. Invasive markers identified by gene expression profiling in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2011; 12:130-40. [PMID: 22487523 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular profiling has proven utility as a diagnostic and predictive tool in clinical oncology. However, a clinically relevant gene expression profile in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. METHODS Primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC-3 and AsPC-1), were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a known inducer of cell invasion. Affymetrix gene expression microarray analysis was performed, comparing gene expression to unstimulated controls. Differential expression was identified using ArrayAssist, and confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using Pathway Studio and GOstat. The derived gene expression was further validated in fresh frozen pancreatic tumour samples. The ability of the derived 3 gene expression markersto differentiate between pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other neoplasms, and its association with clinicopathological variables was examined. RESULTS PMA-induced significant changes in cell line gene expression, from which distinctive 3 potential invasive markers were derived. Expression of these genes, uPA, MMP-1 and IL1-R1 was confirmed in human pancreatic tumours, and was found to differentiate PDAC from other pancreatic neoplasms. The expression of IL1-R1 in PDAC is a novel finding. We found that the expression of MMP-1 was associated with high-grade PDAC (p = 0.035, Wilcoxon rank sum). CONCLUSION We have identified three potential invasive markers, uPA, MMP-1 and IL1-R1, whose gene expression may differentiate PDAC from other pancreatic neoplasms, and potentially reflect a more invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rogers
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Smith MJ, Flowers TH, Duncan HJ, Saito H. Study of PAH dissipation and phytoremediation in soils: comparing freshly spiked with weathered soil from a former coking works. J Hazard Mater 2011; 192:1219-1225. [PMID: 21742434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A comparison was made between the dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil freshly spiked with pure PAHs, soil spiked with a coal tar mixture and a contaminated soil from a former coking works where the PAHs had been present for more than a century. The potential of five selected plant species for phytoremediation was investigated. The levels of all 7 PAHs in chemically amended soil, both planted and unplanted, fell significantly (>80% reduction) over the 12 weeks of the growing trial. In the coal tar treated soils all PAHs were significantly reduced. In both the planted and unplanted soils the 2-3 ringed compounds demonstrated much greater loss (>77%) than the 4-6 ringed (16-39%). The 3-4 ringed compounds demonstrated strong evidence of phytoremediation but not the 5-6 ringed. The coking soil showed limited reduction (7-24%) of all 12 PAHs present. There was little difference in dissipation between the PAHs and little evidence of a phytoremediation effect in coking soil. The results demonstrated that the form in which PAHs were added to soil influenced their susceptibility to dissipation. Therefore, predictions of PAH dissipation from laboratory amended soil do not reflect the true situation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Pedlar TK, Cronin-Hennessy D, Hietala J, Dobbs S, Metreveli Z, Seth KK, Tomaradze A, Xiao T, Martin L, Powell A, Wilkinson G, Mendez H, Ge JY, Miller DH, Shipsey IPJ, Xin B, Adams GS, Hu D, Moziak B, Napolitano J, Ecklund KM, Insler J, Muramatsu H, Park CS, Pearson LJ, Thorndike EH, Ricciardi S, Thomas C, Artuso M, Blusk S, Mountain R, Skwarnicki T, Stone S, Zhang LM, Bonvicini G, Cinabro D, Lincoln A, Smith MJ, Zhou P, Zhu J, Naik P, Rademacker J, Asner DM, Edwards KW, Randrianarivony K, Tatishvili G, Briere RA, Vogel H, Onyisi PUE, Rosner JL, Alexander JP, Cassel DG, Das S, Ehrlich R, Gibbons L, Gray SW, Hartill DL, Heltsley BK, Kreinick DL, Kuznetsov VE, Patterson JR, Peterson D, Riley D, Ryd A, Sadoff AJ, Shi X, Sun WM, Yelton J, Rubin P, Lowrey N, Mehrabyan S, Selen M, Wiss J, Libby J, Kornicer M, Mitchell RE, Shepherd MR, Tarbert CM, Besson D. Observation of the h(c)(1P) Using e+ e- collisions above the DD threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:041803. [PMID: 21866994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.041803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using 586 pb(-1) of e+ e- collision data at E(c.m.) = 4170 MeV, produced at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring collider and collected with the CLEO-c detector, we observe the process e+ e- → π+ π- h(c)(1P). We measure its cross section to be 15.6±2.3±1.9±3.0 pb, where the third error is due to the external uncertainty on the branching fraction of ψ(2S) → π0 h(c)(1P), which we use for normalization. We also find evidence for e+ e- → ηh(c)(1P) at 4170 MeV at the 3σ level and see hints of a rise in the e+ e- → π+ π- h(c)(1P) cross section at 4260 MeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Pedlar
- Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101, USA
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Chang KH, Miller N, Kheirelseid EAH, Ingoldsby H, Hennessy E, Curran CE, Curran S, Smith MJ, Regan M, McAnena OJ, Kerin MJ. MicroRNA-21 and PDCD4 expression in colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011; 37:597-603. [PMID: 21546206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MiRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to target sites and initiating translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Studies have shown that miR-21 exerts its oncogenic activity by targeting the PDCD4 tumour suppressor 3'-UTR. However, the mechanism of this regulation is poorly understood. In colorectal cancer, loss of PDCD4 has been reported in association with increased tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to delineate the interaction between PDCD4 and its oncogenic modulator miR-21 in colorectal cancer. METHODS A cohort of 48 colorectal tumours, 61 normal tissues and 7 polyps were profiled for miR-21 and PDCD4 gene expression. A subset of 48 specimens (31 tumours and 17 normal tissues) were analysed for PDCD4 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A significant inverse relationship between miR-21 and PDCD4 gene expression (p < 0.001) was identified by RT-qPCR. In addition, significant reduction of PDCD4 (p < 0.001) expression and reciprocal upregulation of miR-21 (p = 0.005) in a progressive manner from tumour-polyp-normal mucosae was identified. Analysis of protein expression by IHC revealed loss of PDCD4 staining in tumour tissue. Patients with disease recurrence had higher levels of miR-21. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the inverse relationship between miR-21 and PDCD4, thus suggesting that miR-21 post-transcriptionally modulates PDCD4 via mRNA degradation. Pharmacological manipulation of the miR-21/PDCD4 axis could represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chang
- Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Chang KH, McAnena OJ, Smith MJ, Salman RR, Khan MF, Lowe D. Surgery for oesophageal cancer at Galway University Hospital 1993-2008. Ir J Med Sci 2010; 179:521-7. [PMID: 20848322 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-010-0573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical volume and outcome remain controversial in the management of oesophageal cancer. AIMS To assess the outcome of oesophagectomy for cancer at Galway University Hospital (GUH). METHODS Between 1994 and 2008, patients who underwent oesophagectomy were analysed. RESULTS During the study period, 126 oesophagectomies were performed for cancer. The average surgeon volume was 9 cases per year. The 30-day and overall in-hospital mortality rates were 6.3 and 7.9%, respectively. Restructuring of our critical care services has led to a reduction in 30-day mortality from 8.2 to 5.1%. The use of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has increased from 17 to 35% during the study period. In patients who underwent resection, the 3 and 5-year overall survival rates were 45 and 29%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Operative morbidity and mortality at GUH are comparable with worldwide outcomes. Improved resources and national restructuring of cancer services have significantly improved the quality of care and outcomes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chang
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospital, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland.
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Hadfield KD, Smith MJ, Urquhart JE, Wallace AJ, Bowers NL, King AT, Rutherford SA, Trump D, Newman WG, Evans DG. Rates of loss of heterozygosity and mitotic recombination in NF2 schwannomas, sporadic vestibular schwannomas and schwannomatosis schwannomas. Oncogene 2010; 29:6216-21. [PMID: 20729918 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic inactivation of the NF2 gene occurs in the majority of schwannomas. This usually involves a combination of a point mutation or multiexon deletion, in conjunction with either a second point mutation or loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We have performed DNA sequence and dosage analysis of the NF2 gene in a panel of 239 schwannoma tumours: 97 neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-related schwannomas, 104 sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VS) and 38 schwannomatosis-related schwannomas. In total, we identified germline NF2 mutations in 86 out of 97 (89%) NF2 patients and a second mutational event in 77 out of 97 (79%). LOH was by far the most common form of second hit. A combination of microsatellite analysis with either conventional comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) identified mitotic recombination (MR) as the cause of LOH in 14 out of 72 (19%) total evaluable tumours. Among sporadic VS, at least one NF2 mutation was identified by sequence analysis or MLPA in 65 out of 98 (66%) tumours. LOH occurred in 54 out of 96 (56%) evaluable tumours, but MR only accounted for 5 out of 77 (6%) tested. LOH was present in 28 out of 34 (82%) schwannomatosis-related schwannomas. In all eight patients who had previously tested positive for a germline SMARCB1 mutation, this involved loss of the whole, or part of the long arm, of chromosome 22. In contrast, 5 out of 22 (23%) tumours from patients with no germline SMARCB1 mutation exhibited MR. High-resolution Affymetrix SNP6 genotyping and copy number (CN) analysis (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) were used to determine the chromosomal breakpoint locations in tumours with MR. A range of unique recombination sites, spanning approximately 11.4 Mb, were identified. This study shows that MR is a mechanism of LOH in NF2 and SMARCB1-negative schwannomatosis-related schwannomas, occurring less frequently in sporadic VS. We found no evidence of MR in SMARCB1-positive schwannomatosis, suggesting that susceptibility to MR varies according to the disease context.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Hadfield
- Department of Genetic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burleigh
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, King's College Hospital Medical School, London S.E.5, U.K
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwannomas and meningiomas are both part of the tumour spectrum of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and are associated with somatic loss of chromosome 22. They are also found commonly within the general population, unrelated to NF2. Germline SMARCB1 mutations have recently been identified as a pathogenic cause of a subset of familial schwannomatosis cases, and SMARCB1 is a candidate gene for causation of both schwannomas and meningiomas. Recently, Bacci et al reported a germline SMARCB1 mutation associated with familial schwannomatosis and multiple meningiomas. They concluded that SMARCB1 mutations can predispose to multiple meningiomas. METHODS We screened the SMARCB1 gene in a panel of 47 patients with multiple meningioma unrelated to NF2. RESULTS We found no germline mutations. CONCLUSION We conclude that while meningiomas may be associated with the schwannomatosis phenotype, SMARCB1 is not a major contributor to multiple meningioma disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Hadfield
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Vitek JJ, Smith MJ. The myth of the Brooks method of embolization: a brief history of the endovascular treatment of carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. J Neurointerv Surg 2009; 1:108-11. [DOI: 10.1136/jnis.2009.000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Patsalides A, Fraser JF, Smith MJ, Kraus D, Gobin YP, Riina HA. Endovascular treatment of carotid blowout syndrome: who and how to treat. J Neurointerv Surg 2009; 2:87-93. [PMID: 21990567 DOI: 10.1136/jnis.2009.001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a high-risk condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality that may result from invasion and destruction of the cervical carotid vasculature from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Endovascular approaches offer multiple modalities for treatment to prevent morbidity and death. In this paper we review our experience in addressing CBS and present an up-to-date algorithm of endovascular management. 16 lesions were identified in 8 patients treated with 9 procedures over the past year. Pseudoaneurysm and/or active extravasation were documented in at least one vessel in all 8 cases presenting with acute CBS. There were 13 pseudoaneurysms in external carotid artery (ECA) trunk (5), ECA branches (4), internal carotid artery (ICA) (1) and common carotid artery (CCA) (3). There were 3 additional ICA lesions due to tumor infiltration, resulting in ICA occlusion (2) and long segment stenosis (1). Permanent vessel occlusion was performed in 11 lesions of the ECA trunk (4), ECA branches (4) and ICA (3). Stent-grafts were placed in 5 lesions in the CCA (3), ICA (1) and ECA trunk (1). Technical success and immediate hemostasis were achieved in all patients. There were no procedural deaths or immediate complications. With a median follow-up of 2 months (range, 1-13 months), three patients died: one from recurrent CBS, one from global brain ischemia after a cardiac arrest event unrelated to CBS and one from systemic disease. There was no other recurrence of bleeding or neurological complication. Endovascular techniques offer an armamentarium to effectively address CBS, significantly affecting the care and outcome in this particular oncologic population. These techniques should be offered as early as possible in the context of a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patsalides
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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Smith MJ, Culhane AC, Donovan M, Coffey JC, Barry BD, Kelly MA, Higgins DG, Wang JH, Kirwan WO, Cotter TG, Redmond HP. Analysis of differential gene expression in colorectal cancer and stroma using fluorescence-activated cell sorting purification. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1452-64. [PMID: 19401702 PMCID: PMC2694425 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour stroma gene expression in biopsy specimens may obscure the expression of tumour parenchyma, hampering the predictive power of microarrays. We aimed to assess the utility of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for generating cell populations for gene expression analysis and to compare the gene expression of FACS-purified tumour parenchyma to that of whole tumour biopsies. Single cell suspensions were generated from colorectal tumour biopsies and tumour parenchyma was separated using FACS. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting allowed reliable estimation and purification of cell populations, generating parenchymal purity above 90%. RNA from FACS-purified and corresponding whole tumour biopsies was hybridised to Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays. Whole tumour and parenchymal samples demonstrated differential gene expression, with 289 genes significantly overexpressed in the whole tumour, many of which were consistent with stromal gene expression (e.g., COL6A3, COL1A2, POSTN, TIMP2). Genes characteristic of colorectal carcinoma were overexpressed in the FACS-purified cells (e.g., HOX2D and RHOB). We found FACS to be a robust method for generating samples for gene expression analysis, allowing simultaneous assessment of parenchymal and stromal compartments. Gross stromal contamination may affect the interpretation of cancer gene expression microarray experiments, with implications for hypotheses generation and the stability of expression signatures used for predicting clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Smith MJ, Boyd CD, MacCollin MM, Plotkin SR. Identity analysis of schwannomatosis kindreds with recurrent constitutional SMARCB1 (INI1) alterations. Clin Genet 2009; 75:501-2. [PMID: 19320657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Understanding the factors that drive species population dynamics is fundamental to biology. Cyclic populations of microtine rodents have been the most intensively studied to date, yet there remains great uncertainty over the mechanisms determining the dynamics of most of these populations. For one such population, we present preliminary evidence for a novel mechanism by which herbivore-induced reductions in plant quality alter herbivore life-history parameters and subsequent population growth. We tested the effect of high silica levels on the population growth and individual performance of voles (Microtus agrestis) reared on their winter food plant (Deschampsia caespitosa). In sites where the vole population density was high, silica levels in D. caespitosa leaves collected several months later were also high and vole populations subsequently declined; in sites where the vole densities were low, levels of silica were low and population density increased. High silica levels in their food reduced vole body mass by 0.5% a day. We argue that silica-based defences in grasses may play a key role in driving vole population cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Massey
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
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von Conrady D, Smith MJ, Khan MF, Tan S, Mortimer G, McAnena OJ. Progression of Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma despite antireflux surgery. Endoscopy 2008; 40 Suppl 2:E68-9. [PMID: 18633915 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-995507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D von Conrady
- Department of Surgery, University College Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Solomon MM, Smith MJ, del Rio C. Low educational level: a risk factor for sexually transmitted infections among commercial sex workers in Quito, Ecuador. Int J STD AIDS 2008; 19:264-7. [PMID: 18482947 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2007.007181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the effect of educational level on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and risk-taking behaviours among commercial sex workers (CSWs). This study analysed this association among female CSWs in Quito, Ecuador. Eighty-five CSWs were given a Spanish-language questionnaire on behaviours, socioeconomics and demographics. The correlation between years of education and number of prior STIs was calculated. Three groups of varying education level were formed and risk factors were analysed by Chi-square tests and analysis of variances. Lower educational level was associated with more STIs (r= -0.36; F=4.2; P=0.04), poorer knowledge of HIV/AIDS (P=0.03), earlier first prostitution (P=0.05) and first sex (P=0.00), willingness to engage in group sex (P=0.05) and work on the street (P=0.02), and presence of non-paying sexual partners (P=0.05). CSWs with lower educational levels were disproportionately afflicted with STIs and participated in more high-risk behaviours. Low educational level may predispose CSWs to STIs and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Solomon
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Schwannomatosis is a third major form of neurofibromatosis that has recently been linked to mutations in the SMARCB1 (hSnf5/INI1) tumor suppressor gene. We analyzed the coding region of SMARCB1 by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in genomic DNA from 19 schwannomatosis kindreds. Microsatellite markers in the SMARCB1 region were developed to determine loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in associated tumors. We detected four alterations in conserved splice acceptor or donor sequences of exons 3, 4 and 6. Two alterations that likely affect splicing were seen in introns 4 and 5. An additional four alterations of unclear pathogenicity were found to segregate on the affected allele in eight families including two non-conservative missense alterations in three families. No constitutional deletions or duplications were detected by MLPA. Nine of 13 tumors examined showed partial LOH of the SMARCB1 region consistent with 'second hits.' Alterations were detected in tumors both with and without somatic NF2 gene changes. These findings support the hypothesis that SMARCB1 is a tumor suppressor for schwannomas in the context of familial disease. Further work is needed to determine its role in other multiple and single tumor syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boyd
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Owen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Trafalgar Building, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham PO6 3LY, UK.
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Halse SA, Scanlon MD, Cocking JS, Smith MJ, Kay WR. Factors affecting river health and its assessment over broad geographic ranges: the Western Australian experience. Environ Monit Assess 2007; 134:161-75. [PMID: 17342438 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AusRivAS is an Australia-wide program that measures river condition using predictive models to compare the macroinvertebrate families occurring at a river site with those expected if the site were in natural condition. Results of assessment of 685 sites across all major rivers in Western Australia are presented. Most rivers were in relatively natural condition in the northern half of the state where the human population is low and pastoralism is the major land use. In the south, where the human population is higher and agriculture is more intensive, rivers were mostly more disturbed. AusRivAS assessment produced some erroneous results in rivers of the south-west cropping zone because of the lack of appropriate reference site groups and biased distribution of sampling sites. Collecting low numbers of animals from many forested streams, because of low stream productivity and samples that were difficult to sort, also affected assessments. Overall, however, AusRivAs assessment identified catchment processes that were inimical to river health. These processes included salinisation, high nutrient and organic loads, erosion and loss of riparian vegetation. River regulation, channel modification and fire were also associated with river degradation. As is the case with other assessment methods, one-off sampling at individual sites using AusRivAS may be misleading. Seasonal drought, in particular, may make it difficult to relate conditions at the time of sampling to longer-term river health. AusRivAS has shown river condition in Western Australia is not markedly different from other parts of Australia which, as a whole, lacks the substantial segments of severely degraded river systems reported in England.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Halse
- Science Division, Department of Environment and Conservation, P.O. Box 51, Wanneroo, WA 6946, Australia.
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Smith MJ, Borchard KLA, Hinton E, Scott AR. The Australian Vascular Quality of Life Index (AUSVIQUOL): An Improved Clinical Quality of Life Tool for Peripheral Vascular Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007; 34:199-205. [PMID: 17433884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate the Australian Vascular Quality of Life Index (AUSVIQUOL) as a quality of life (QOL) tool appropriate for peripheral vascular disease patients in the clinical setting. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. MATERIALS The study group consisted of 71 patients with vascular claudication of varying severity attending a tertiary hospital outpatient department. METHODS The results of the AUSVIQUOL and Medical Outcomes Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were compared through factor and regression analyses. A group of 12 patients was then reassessed to compare the reliability and internal consistency of the two indices. RESULTS The AUSVIQUOL took less time to complete than the SF-36 (3.27 v 10.79 min; p<0.0001) and fewer patients found the questions confusing (2% v 26%). The AUSVIQUOL was easier to administer and had a higher level of patient acceptance than the SF-36. The regression analysis showed that for each of the domains in the AUSVIQUOL there was a significant correlation with measures in the SF-36 (adjusted R-squared 0.420, 0.480 and 0.331). The AUSVIQUOL demonstrated a good level of internal consistency when compared to the SF-36 (Cronbach's alpha 0.8702 vs 0.6307). CONCLUSION In comparison with the SF-36, the AUSVIQUOL is an improved tool for the QOL assessment of patients with peripheral vascular disease in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia.
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Shilling DA, Smith MJ, Tyther R, Sheehan D, England K, Kavanagh EG, Redmond HP, Shanahan F, O'Mahony L. Salmonella typhimurium stimulation combined with tumour-derived heat shock proteins induces potent dendritic cell anti-tumour responses in a murine model. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 149:109-16. [PMID: 17459080 PMCID: PMC1942028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate activation of the immune system and effective targeting of tumour cells are the primary hurdles to be overcome for cancer immunotherapy to be successful and applicable to a wide range of tumour types. Our studies have examined the ability of bacterial-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs), loaded with tumour-associated antigens, to inhibit tumour growth in a murine model. Immature murine bone marrow-derived DCs were stimulated in vitro with the cytoplasmic fraction (CM) of Salmonella typhimurium in combination with heat shock proteins (hsps) from 4T1 tumours, isolated using heparin affinity chromatography. Activated DCs were administered subcutaneously. Tumours were generated by orthotopic inoculation of 4T1 cells in Balb/c mice. Primary tumour growth was measured using Vernier calipers, while lung metastases were measured using the clonogenic assay. S. typhimurium CM induced potent tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha responses from DCs accompanied by significant up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 expression. When injected into mice, bacterial-stimulated DCs loaded with 4T1 hsps inhibited the formation of new 4T1 tumours and reduced the growth rate of established tumours. In addition, the number of lung metastatic nodules was reduced significantly in the DC-treated mice (1.6 +/- 0.6 versus 245.9 +/- 55.6, P = 0.0015). DCs stimulated with CM alone, exposed to tumour hsps alone or exposed to tumour hsps from an unrelated tumour cell line did not induce a protective immune response. Dendritic cells primed with a proinflammatory bacterial stimulus and tumour-associated antigens induce a protective anti-tumour immune response in this murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Shilling
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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Moran DE, Smith MJ, O'Sullivan MJ, Bannon H, Crotty TB, Collins CD, Skehan SJ, O'Higgins N, McDermott EW, Evoy D, Hill ADK. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in elderly irish patients with malignant melanoma. Ir Med J 2007; 100:422-4. [PMID: 17566474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In patients with malignant melanoma, Breslow depth increases with age. However, studies suggest that the frequency of sentinel lymph node metastases in malignant melanoma decreases with age. We investigated whether this applied to the cohort of patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in our institution. In a prospectively accrued database we identified 149 patients undergoing SLNB from 1997 to 2005. Tumour thickness as measured by Breslow depth was assessed in stratified age groups. We assessed the relationship between SLNB positivity and age using the Chi-square for trend. We directly examined the relationship between SLNB positivity in patients aged less than 65 and aged 65 years of age and over. Disease-free and overall survival in patients aged less than 65 and aged 65 years of age and over were also assessed. Comparing the age groups, there was no significant difference identified in Breslow depth (<65 years, median Breslow > or = 1.2 mm (range 0.2-9.7); > or =65 years, median Breslow > or = 1.4 mm (range 0.12-8.5); p > or = 0.06, Mann-Whitney U). Chi-square for trend identified no significant relationship between SLNB positivity and age. We found n=120 patients <65 had SLNB, of which 26 (21.7%) were positive. In patients =65, n=29 had SLNB of which 3 (10.3%) were positive. These differences were not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, p > or = 0.2). There was no difference in disease-free or overall survival between patients aged <65 or > or =65 who had SLNB (median follow-up 37.5 months (range 5-70); disease-free survival, p > 0.08; overall survival, p > or = 0.3, Logrank test). We did not find that elderly patients with malignant melanoma had a demonstrable difference in tumour thickness when compared to younger patients. In those patients who underwent SLNB there was no significant difference in node positivity between the age groups. Disease-free and overall survival were not significantly different between the age groups. Further study and longer follow-up will help establish the relationship between age and SLNB positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Moran
- Department of Surgery, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin
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Smith MJ, Garrett RH. Part II. Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome: further correlations between compromised histamine degradation, eosinophilias and myopathies. Inflamm Res 2007; 56 Suppl 1:S7-8. [PMID: 17806156 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-006-0503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- Division of Natural Products, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, USA.
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Smith MJ, Sheehan PE, Perry LL, O'Connor K, Csonka LN, Applegate BM, Whitman LJ. Quantifying the magnetic advantage in magnetotaxis. Biophys J 2006; 91:1098-107. [PMID: 16714352 PMCID: PMC1563769 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.085167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are characterized by the production of magnetosomes, nanoscale particles of lipid bilayer encapsulated magnetite, that act to orient the bacteria in magnetic fields. These magnetosomes allow magneto-aerotaxis, which is the motion of the bacteria along a magnetic field and toward preferred concentrations of oxygen. Magneto-aerotaxis has been shown to direct the motion of these bacteria downward toward sediments and microaerobic environments favorable for growth. Herein, we compare the magneto-aerotaxis of wild-type, magnetic Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 with a nonmagnetic mutant we have engineered. Using an applied magnetic field and an advancing oxygen gradient, we have quantified the magnetic advantage in magneto-aerotaxis as a more rapid migration to preferred oxygen levels. Magnetic, wild-type cells swimming in an applied magnetic field more quickly migrate away from the advancing oxygen than either wild-type cells in a zero field or the nonmagnetic cells in any field. We find that the responses of the magnetic and mutant strains are well described by a relatively simple analytical model, an analysis of which indicates that the key benefit of magnetotaxis is an enhancement of a bacterium's ability to detect oxygen, not an increase in its average speed moving away from high oxygen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Meade
- Department of Chemical Pathology, King's College Hospital Medical School, London
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Smith MJ, Moses V. Uncoupling reagents and metabolism. 4. Effects of salicylate administration in the rat on the incorporation of C from labelled glucose and acetate into the soluble intermediates of isolated liver and brain. Biochem J 2006; 79:275-80. [PMID: 16748898 PMCID: PMC1205834 DOI: 10.1042/bj0790275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- Department of Chemical Pathology, King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London, S.E. 5
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Smith MJ, Moses V. Uncoupling reagents and metabolism. 1. Effects of salicylate and 2:4-dinitrophenol on the incorporation of C from labelled glucose and acetate into the soluble intermediates of isolated rat tissues. Biochem J 2006; 76:579-85. [PMID: 16748836 PMCID: PMC1204836 DOI: 10.1042/bj0760579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- Department of Chemical Pathology, King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London, S.E. 5
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Smith MJ, Flowers TH, Duncan HJ, Alder J. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on germination and subsequent growth of grasses and legumes in freshly contaminated soil and soil with aged PAHs residues. Environ Pollut 2006; 141:519-25. [PMID: 16246476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of germination trials for screening plants that may have potential for use in the phytoremediation of PAH contaminated land was evaluated. The germination and subsequent growth of 7 grass and legume species were evaluated in soil spiked with a pure PAH mixture or coal tar and soil from a former coking plant heavily contaminated with aged PAHs. None of these treatments adversely affected germination of the plants. However, apart from Lolium perenne all species exhibited reduced growth in the coking plant soil after 12 weeks growth when compared to the untreated soil. In the coal tar spiked soil 4 out of the 7 species showed reduced growth, as did 3 out of the 7 in the soil spiked with a mixture of 7 PAHs. Therefore, germination studies alone would not predict the success of subsequent growth of the species tested in the ranges of soil PAH levels studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- Glasgow Marine Technology Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Glasgow, James Watt Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Abstract
In contrast to early epidemiological evidence offering links between eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) and microimpurities of L-tryptophan-containing dietary supplements (LTCDS), this account shows why reliance on a finite impurity from one manufacturer is both unnecessary and insufficient to explain the etiology of EMS. Excessive histamine activity has induced blood eosinophilia and myalgia (Greek: mys, muscle + algos, pain). Termination of the multiple actions of histamine is dependent on particular amine oxidases and histamine-N-methyltransferase. Histamine metabolism is rapid when these degradative reactions are operative. The latent effects of incurred histamine can be potentiated and aggravating when these mechanisms are impaired. Overloads of tryptophan supplements cause - among other relevant side-effects - an increased formation of formate and indolyl metabolites, several of which inhibit the degradation of histamine. Moreover, (non-EMS) subjects with hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation have also manifested greatly increased sensitivities to incurred tryptophan and histamine. A final common pathway for syndromes characterized by eosinophilia with myalgia is now evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smith
- Division of Natural Products, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, USA.
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