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Tozer S, Alexander-White C, Amin R, Audebert F, Barratt C, O'Brien J, Burke T, Bury D, Nguea HD, Dimopoulou M, Farahmand S, Fritz S, Gerber E, Giusti A, Goodwin W, Kirsch T, Oreffo V, McNamara C. From worst-case to reality - Case studies illustrating tiered refinement of consumer exposure to cosmetic ingredients. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 143:105436. [PMID: 37429522 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Consumer exposure to cosmetic ingredients is estimated in a tiered manner. Simple Tier1 deterministic aggregate exposure modelling generates a worst case estimate of exposure. Tier1 assumes that a consumer uses all cosmetic products concomitantly daily, at maximum frequency, and products always contain the ingredient at the maximum allowed % w/w concentration. Refining exposure assessment from worst case to more realistic estimates uses evidence from surveys of actual use levels of ingredients and Tier2 probabilistic models, where distributions of consumer use data can be applied. In Tier2+ modelling, occurrence data provides evidence of products on the market actually containing the ingredient. Three case studies are presented using this tiered approach to illustrate progressive refinement. The scale of refinements from Tier1 to Tier2+ modelling for the ingredients, propyl paraben, benzoic acid and DMDM hydantoin were: 0.492 to 0.026; 1.93 to 0.042 and 1.61 to 0.027 mg/kg/day exposure dose. For propyl paraben, moving from Tier1 to Tier2+ represents a refinement from 49-fold to 3-fold overestimate of exposure when compared to a maximum estimate of 0.01 mg/kg/day exposure seen in human studies. Such refinements from worst case to realistic levels of exposure estimation can be critical in the demonstration of consumer safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tozer
- Procter & Gamble Technical Centres Ltd, Reading, RG2 0QE, UK
| | | | - Ripal Amin
- Avon Products International, 1 Avon Place, Suffern, NY, 10901, USA
| | | | - Catherine Barratt
- Unilever Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - John O'Brien
- Creme Global, 4th Floor, The Tower, Trinity Technology & Enterprise Campus, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Dagmar Bury
- Worldwide Safety Evaluation Department, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 9 Rue Pierre Dreyfus, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Hermine Dika Nguea
- Worldwide Safety Evaluation Department, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 9 Rue Pierre Dreyfus, 92110, Clichy, France
| | | | - Sarah Farahmand
- Edgewell Personal Care, 75 Commerce Drive, Allendale, NJ, 07401, USA
| | - Sabrina Fritz
- Kao Germany GmbH, Pfungstädter Straße 98-100, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Arianna Giusti
- Cosmetics Europe - The Personal Care Association, Avenue Herrmann-Debroux 40, B-1160, Brussels, Belgium
| | - William Goodwin
- Creme Global, 4th Floor, The Tower, Trinity Technology & Enterprise Campus, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Taryn Kirsch
- Procter & Gamble, Sulzbacher Str. 40, 65824, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany
| | - Victor Oreffo
- Unilever Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Cronan McNamara
- Creme Global, 4th Floor, The Tower, Trinity Technology & Enterprise Campus, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Dimopoulou M, Engdahl K, Ladlow J, Andersson G, Hedhammar Å, Skiöldebrand E, Ljungvall I. The epidemiology of upper respiratory tract disorders in a population of insured Swedish dogs (2011-2014), and its association to brachycephaly. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8765. [PMID: 37253809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract (URT) disorders are common in dogs but neither general nor breed-related epidemiological data are widely reported. This study´s aims were to describe the epidemiology of URT disorders in a Swedish population of dogs and to investigate whether brachycephalic breeds were overrepresented among high-risk breeds. A cohort of dogs insured by Agria Djurförsäkring in Sweden (2011-2014) was used to calculate overall and breed-specific incidence rate (IR), age at first URT diagnosis and relative risk (RR) for URT disorders. For breeds with high RR for URT disorders, co-morbidities throughout the dog's insurance period and age at death were investigated. The cohort included approximately 450,000 dogs. URT disorders had an overall IR of 50.56 (95% CI; 49.14-52.01) per 10,000 dog years at risk. Among 327 breeds, the English bulldog, Japanese chin, Pomeranian, Norwich terrier and pug had highest RR of URT disorders. Eight of 13 breeds with high RR for URT disorders were brachycephalic. The median age at first URT diagnosis was 6.00 years (interquartile range 2.59-9.78). French bulldogs with URT diagnoses had a significantly shorter life span (median = 3.61 years) than other breeds with URT diagnosis (median = 7.81 years). Dogs with high risk for URT disorders had more co-morbidities than average.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dimopoulou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - K Engdahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Ladlow
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Skiöldebrand
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jamalpoor A, Hartvelt S, Dimopoulou M, Zwetsloot T, Brandsma I, Racz PI, Osterlund T, Hendriks G. A novel human stem cell-based biomarker assay for in vitro assessment of developmental toxicity. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1210-1228. [PMID: 35289129 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing for developmental toxicity according to the current regulatory guidelines requires large numbers of animals, making these tests very resource intensive, time-consuming, and ethically debatable. Over the past decades, several alternative in vitro assays have been developed, but these often suffered from low predictability and the inability to provide a mechanistic understanding of developmental toxicity. METHODS To identify embryotoxic compounds, we developed a human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-based biomarker assay. The assay is based on the differentiation of hiPSCs into functional cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Proper stem cell differentiation is investigated by morphological profiling and assessment of time-dependent expression patterns of cell-specific biomarkers. In this system, a decrease in the expression of the biomarker genes and morphology disruption of the differentiated cells following compound treatment indicated teratogenicity. RESULTS The hiPSCs-based biomarker assay was validated with 21 well-established in vivo animal teratogenic and non-teratogenic compounds during cardiomyocyte and hepatocyte differentiation. The in vivo teratogenic compounds (e.g., thalidomide and valproic acid) markedly disrupted morphology, functionality, and the expression pattern of the biomarker genes in either one or both cell types. Non-teratogenic chemicals generally had no effect on the morphology of differentiated cells, nor on the expression of the biomarker genes. Compared to the in vivo classification, the assay achieved high accuracy (91%), sensitivity (91%), and specificity (90%). CONCLUSION The assay, which we named ReproTracker®, is a state-of-the-art in vitro method that can identify the teratogenicity potential of new pharmaceuticals and chemicals and signify the outcome of in vivo test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Jamalpoor
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Hartvelt
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Myrto Dimopoulou
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Zwetsloot
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Peter I Racz
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Osterlund
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Hendriks
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
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Karampatea A, Vrhovšek U, Tsakiris A, Dimopoulou M, Kourkoutas Y, Skavdis G. Organoleptic and Quality Characteristics of Malagousia Variety, Grapes Fermented with Selected Indigenous Yeast Strains. S AFR J ENOL VITIC 2022. [DOI: 10.21548/43-2-5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial Malagousia varietal wines, which are produced in almost all Greek viticultural zones, represent a relatively important part of Greek wine activity. This study presents the results of a profile compilation of volatile aroma compounds of Malagousia musts fermented under identical conditions with selected yeast strains. In total, 62 volatile aroma compounds were identified and separated into their chemical classes (aldehydes, higher alcohols, volatile phenols, terpenes, C13-norisoprenoids, lactones, esters, fatty acids, sulphur compounds, other compounds, and other alcohols). Alcohols and higher alcohols, such as cis-hexen- 1-ol and geraniol, terpenes like linalool, esters such as ethyl isovalerate, ketones such us betadamascenone, beta-ionone and zingerone, and fatty acids such as geranic acid and phenylacetaldehyde, were found in all the samples. Among them, linalool and phenylacetaldehyde had the strongest effect on the volatile compound profile of Malagousia wines. The same wine samples were subjected to sensorial analysis by a trained panel of 10 wine tasters, and a statistical analysis of both analyses presents similarities between the two analysis approaches. It is hoped that the results will contribute to a better understanding of the quality potential of the Malagousia variety so as to evaluate possible differences on the basis of the detected aroma concentrations.
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Dimopoulou M, Komninaka V, Flevari P, Bartzi V, Repa K, Voskaridou E. P111: COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA AND SICKLE CELL DISEASE: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE. Hemasphere 2022. [PMCID: PMC8811849 DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000821536.28990.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Dimopoulou M, Verhoef A, Gomes CA, van Dongen CW, Rietjens IM, Piersma AH, van Ravenzwaay B. A comparison of the embryonic stem cell test and whole embryo culture assay combined with the BeWo placental passage model for predicting the embryotoxicity of azoles. Toxicol Lett 2018; 286:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Dimopoulou M, Verhoef A, Pennings JL, van Ravenzwaay B, Rietjens IM, Piersma AH. A transcriptomic approach for evaluating the relative potency and mechanism of action of azoles in the rat Whole Embryo Culture. Toxicology 2017; 392:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Dimopoulou M, Verhoef A, Pennings JL, van Ravenzwaay B, Rietjens IM, Piersma AH. Embryotoxic and pharmacologic potency ranking of six azoles in the rat whole embryo culture by morphological and transcriptomic analysis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 322:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dimopoulou M, Verhoef A, van Ravenzwaay B, Rietjens IM, Piersma AH. Flusilazole induces spatio-temporal expression patterns of retinoic acid-, differentiation- and sterol biosynthesis-related genes in the rat Whole Embryo Culture. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 64:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dimopoulou M, Verhoef A, Pennings J, van Ravenzwaay B, Rietjens IM, Piersma AH. A transcriptomic analysis for classifying six azoles regarding their embryotoxic potency in the rat Whole Embryo Culture. Reprod Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dimopoulou M, Verhoef A, Van Ravenzwaay B, Rietjens IM, Piersma AH. A transcriptomic approach for a mechanistic insight into developmental toxicity of azoles in the rat Whole Embryo Culture. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dimopoulou M, Verhoef A, van Ravenzwaay B, Rietjens IM, Piersma AH. Identification of molecular biomarkers for screening the mechanism of azoles’ developmental toxicity in the rat Whole Embryo Culture. Reprod Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Temenouga V, Charitidis T, Avgidou M, Karayannakidis P, Dimopoulou M, Kalogianni E, Panayiotou C, Ritzoulis C. Novel emulsifiers as products from internal Maillard reactions in okra hydrocolloid mucilage. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dimopoulou M, Verhoef A, van Ravenzwaay B, Rietjens IM, Piersma AH. Developmental stage-specific gene regulation in the rat whole embryo culture induced by Flusilazole. Reprod Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Voskaridou E, Christoulas D, Plata E, Bratengeier C, Anastasilakis AD, Komninaka V, Kaliontzi D, Gkotzamanidou M, Polyzos SA, Dimopoulou M, Terpos E. High circulating sclerostin is present in patients with thalassemia-associated osteoporosis and correlates with bone mineral density. Horm Metab Res 2012; 44:909-13. [PMID: 22581647 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1312618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a severe complication of thalassemia. Sclerostin is a Wnt signaling inhibitor, which is produced by osteocytes and inhibits osteoblast function. Sclerostin is implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis of different etiology. The aim of the study was to evaluate circulating sclerostin in 66 patients (median age 42 years) with thalassemia and osteoporosis who participated in a phase 2, randomized study (zoledronic acid vs. placebo) and the results were compared with those of 30 healthy controls (median age 44 years) without osteopenia/osteoporosis and 62 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (median age 63 years). At baseline, thalassemic patients with osteoporosis had elevated circulating levels of sclerostin (median: 605 pg/ml, range: 22-1,227 pg/ml) compared to healthy controls without osteopenia/osteoporosis (250 pg/ml, 0-720 pg/ml, p<0.001) and reduced levels of sclerostin compared with postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (840 pg/ml, 181-1,704 pg/ml, p<0.001). Thalassemia patients had also increased serum dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and high bone turnover. Circulating sclerostin levels correlated with bone mineral density in lumbar spine (r=0.619, p<0.001), distal radius (r=0.401, p=0.001) and femoral neck (r=0.301, p=0.021). Zoledronic acid did not alter sclerostin levels after 12 months of therapy, although it reduced circulating Dkk-1. We conclude that circulating sclerostin is elevated in thalassemia patients with osteoporosis and correlated with their BMD, but it was not reduced post zoledronic acid administration. These findings suggest that high sclerostin may serve as a marker of increased osteocyte activity in thalassemia patients. Drugs targeting sclerostin may also be used in this difficult to treat disorder associated with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Voskaridou
- Thalassemia Center, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Raptopoulou M, Touloumi G, Tzourmakliotis D, Nikolopoulou G, Dimopoulou M, Giannoulis G, Vasiliadis T, Skoutelis A, Anagnostou O, Hatzis G, Manolakopoulos S. Significant epidemiological changes in chronic hepatitis C infection: results of the nationwide HEPNET-GREECE cohort study. Hippokratia 2011; 15:26-31. [PMID: 21607032 PMCID: PMC3093141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important health problem worldwide. The aim of the study is to describe the baseline characteristics and possible epidemiological changes of the patients with chronic HCV infection included in a nationwide Greek study. PATIENTS AND METHODS two thousand eight hundred seventeen (2817) patients, followed-up at 20 hepatology centres throughout Greece between the years 1997 and 2006 were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Intravenous drug use (IDU) and history of blood transfusion prior to 1992 was reported in 30.7% and 22.6% of our patients, respectively. In 1865 (66.2%) patients with known genotypes, the distribution for genotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 45.1%, 7%, 34% and 13.9% respectively. Genotype 1 was more common in older people, in women (55.9% p<0.001) and patients with transfusion-related hepatitis (61.6% p<0.001). Genotype 3 was more common in younger patients, in men (43% p<0.001) and in IDUs (63.3% p<0.001). A significant reduction of transfusion-related hepatitis C incidence (p<0.001) in conjunction with the proportion of genotype 1 (p<0.001) was observed during the last three decades while an increase in IDU infected patients and genotype 3 was detected. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a significant change in HCV genotype distribution and source of HCV infection during the last three decades and under that scope, urgent actions are needed in order to control the spread of HCV infection.
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Politis I, Dimopoulou M, Voudouri A, Noikokyris P, Feggeros K. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers on several functional properties of macrophages and heterophils in laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2003; 44:203-10. [PMID: 12828205 DOI: 10.1080/0007166031000088316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on various functional properties of macrophages and heterophils in the laying hen were determined. 2. Seventy two 28-week-old-ISA brown hens were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups and were fed diets containing 0 or 1% CLA for a total period of 18 weeks. Blood samples were collected from 6 hens per diet group every 3 weeks and macrophages and heterophils were isolated. The following variables were determined in resting and phorbol myristate acetate-activated (65 microM) macrophages and heterophils: total cell-associated urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA), membrane-bound u-PA, free u-PA binding sites and superoxide production. 3. There were no significant differences between diet groups throughout the whole experimental period in total cell-associated u-PA, membrane-bound u-PA, free u-PA binding sites and superoxide production by resting macrophages and heterophils. 4. Activated heterophils and macrophages isolated from hens fed the CLA-supplemented diet had higher membrane-bound u-PA activity compared with the corresponding values for activated heterophils and macrophages obtained from hens fed the basal diet. These differences were significant for heterophils during weeks 6, 12, 15 and 18 and for macrophages during weeks 6, 9 and 12 of the experiment. 5. Macrophages and heterophils from hens fed the CLA diet had lower superoxide production compared with the corresponding cells from the control hens on weeks 12, 15 and 18 of the experiment. 6. Dietary CLA modulated certain aspects of the immune system in the laying hen. The increased quantity of u-PA on the membrane of macrophages and heterophils isolated from hens fed the CLA diet may facilitate the ability of these cells to reach the point of a potential inflammation (pro-inflammatory effect). 7. In contrast to the effect on the u-PA system, dietary CLA reduced superoxide production by activated macrophages and heterophils during the second half (last 9 weeks) of the experimental period suggesting that CLA may exert an anti-inflammatory effect in the laying hen.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Politis
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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Abstract
A tyrosine kinase inhibitor (STI571, Gleevec) has recently been applied in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. We present the first reported case of pityriasis rosea occurring as a reaction to Gleevec in a woman with blast crisis of this disorder. It is suggested that although coincidental, this exanthem may be due to this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Konstantopoulos
- First Department of Medicine, University of Athens School of Medicine at Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Tsatsakis AM, Tutudaki M, Stiakakis I, Dimopoulou M, Tzatzarakis M, Michalodimitrakis M. Characterisation of cannabis plants phenotypes from illegal cultivations in Crete. Boll Chim Farm 2000; 139:140-5. [PMID: 10961025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study samples of cannabis plants presented to us by the Drug Enforcement Units were characterised, based on the analysis of active substances. The fresh samples were dried in a dark room were they were kept until analysis. The samples included leaves, flowers roots and trunks. The analysis was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC) using standard solutions of cannabidiol, D-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, D-8 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol. Chemical analysis of the flowers revealed that 80% of the plants were classified as resinous phenotype while the remaining 20% were found to be of the textile phenotype (low concentration of active cannabinoids). The concentration of D-9 tetrahydrocannabinol in the flowers and leaves ranged from 0.014 to 21.06 mg/g, of cannabinol from 0.0002 to 0.350 mg/g and of cannabidiol from 0.03 to 29.6 mg/g. Roots and trunks contained very small quantities of active substances and should not be used for phenotype identification. No delta-8 THC was detected in any sample. Leaves gave less resinous phenotypes than flowers. The use of either mathematical formula, A or B produced the same phenotype character for each separate part of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Dimopoulou M, Fafoutis K, Basiliou K, Ketikoglou J, Karvountzis G. Interferon alfa-2b for decompensated liver disease caused by either chronic hepatitis B or C: preliminary results of a pilot study. Gut 1993; 34:S104-5. [PMID: 8314470 PMCID: PMC1374026 DOI: 10.1136/gut.34.2_suppl.s104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study was designed to assess the tolerance and effectiveness of interferon alfa-2b in patients with decompensated liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis B (n = 7) or C (n = 5). Preliminary results suggest that patients may benefit from small doses of interferon (improvement in liver function tests and reduction in alanine aminotransferase), although the decreased tolerance and dose dependent increase in side effects in these patients with liver disease underlines the need for close follow up and the dose adjustment of interferon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dimopoulou
- State Department of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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