1
|
Balasubramanian C, Natarajan G, Senthilkumaran G, Devaraju P, Murugesan V, Vs J, Rajarathinam V, Lamech T, Thanikachalam D, Kamalakannan G, Shaji S, Kannan B, Rajendran M, Rajendran P. POS-102 INCIDENCE, MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM AND OUTCOME OF ACUTE PERITONITIS IN CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
2
|
Gosain K, Rajendran M. Evaluation of a Conceptualised Learning Design for the Development of Techno-Pedagogic Competencies among Pre-Service Teachers. J Info Know Mgmt 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219649222400263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate a conceptualised learning design for the growth of techno-pedagogic competencies among Pre-Service Teachers (PST). A teaching experiment is conducted for assessing the effectiveness of the conceptualised learning design by implementing it in a two-year teacher training programme for one year on 36 PST. The progress in the techno-pedagogic competencies’ growth is measured through the self-reporting rating scale, assessment of lesson activities prepared by the PST and semi-structured interview. The result of repeated measure ANOVA statistically signifies the growth of techno-pedagogic competencies amongst PST who participated in the teaching experiment. The assessment of lesson activities further illustrated the growth of techno-pedagogic competencies. PST also reported that they have learned new ways of integrating technology into teaching and have become a more confident user of computers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Gosain
- School of Education, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - M. Rajendran
- Department of Education, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
AMMAYAPPAN S, Rajagopalan A, Arunachalam J, Prasath A, Durai R, Rajendran M. POS-750 A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF POST RENAL TRANSPLANT HYPERPARATHYROIDISM. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
4
|
Meghil MM, Tawfik OK, Elashiry M, Rajendran M, Arce RM, Fulton DJ, Schoenlein PV, Cutler CW. Disruption of Immune Homeostasis in Human Dendritic Cells via Regulation of Autophagy and Apoptosis by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2286. [PMID: 31608069 PMCID: PMC6769118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As fundamental processes of immune homeostasis, autophagy, and apoptosis must be maintained to mitigate risk of chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by oral microbial dysbiosis, and dysregulation of dendritic cell (DC) and T cell responses. The aim of this study was to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which the oral microbe Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) manipulates dendritic cell signaling to perturb both autophagy and apoptosis. Using a combination of Western blotting, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis, we show a pivotal role for the minor (Mfa1) fimbriae of P. gingivalis in nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling of Akt and FOXO1 in human monocyte-derived DCs. Mfa1-induced Akt nuclear localization and activation ultimately induced mTOR. Activation of the Akt/mTOR axis downregulated intracellular LC3II, also known as Atg8, required for autophagosome formation and maturation. Use of allosteric panAkt inhibitor MK2206 and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin confirmed the role of Akt/mTOR signaling in autophagy inhibition by P. gingivalis in DCs. Interestingly, this pathway was also linked to induction of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, decreased caspase-3 cleavage and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bim, thus promoting longevity of host DCs. Addition of ABT-199 peptide to disrupt the interaction of antiapoptotic Bcl2 and its proapoptotic partners BAK/BAX restored apoptotic death to P. gingivalis-infected DC cells. In summary, we have identified the underlying mechanism by which P. gingivalis promotes its own survival and that of its host DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Meghil
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Omnia K Tawfik
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mahmoud Elashiry
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Patricia V Schoenlein
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meghil MM, Hutchens L, Raed A, Multani NA, Rajendran M, Zhu H, Looney S, Elashiry M, Arce RM, Peacock ME, Dong Y, Cutler CW. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on local and systemic inflammatory markers in periodontitis patients: A pilot study. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1403-1413. [PMID: 30912231 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is a worldwide public health issue that has been linked to numerous inflammatory disorders, including periodontitis. There is increasing support for a role for adequate vitamin D levels in overall health. Populations with darker skin color have a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and periodontitis. The purpose of this small pilot study was to investigate the influence of 12 weeks of 25(OH)D vitamin D supplementation (VDS) on mediators of systemic inflammation in dark-skinned, periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 23 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were randomly assigned to the vitamin D group or placebo group and received intensive single visit scaling and root planning to elicit a systemic inflammatory response. RESULTS Vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D levels approximately 2-fold over baseline levels; moreover, VDS group had reduced peripheral blood CD3 and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTLs) counts and reduced pro-inflammatory salivary cytokines. In contrast, VDS group had higher levels of the autophagy-related proteins and other proteins crucial for anti-microbial autophagy in whole blood PBMCs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, VDS has multiple benefits for reducing systemic inflammation and promoting induction of autophagy-related proteins related to anti-microbial functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Meghil
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Oral Biology, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lance Hutchens
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Anas Raed
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Neha A Multani
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen Looney
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mahmoud Elashiry
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Oral Biology, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mark E Peacock
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rajendran M, Looney S, Singh N, Elashiry M, Meghil MM, El-Awady AR, Tawfik O, Susin C, Arce RM, Cutler CW. Systemic Antibiotic Therapy Reduces Circulating Inflammatory Dendritic Cells and Treg-Th17 Plasticity in Periodontitis. J Immunol 2019; 202:2690-2699. [PMID: 30944162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common dysbiotic inflammatory disease that leads to local bone deterioration and tooth loss. PD patients experience low-grade bacteremias with oral microbes implicated in the risk of heart disease, cancer, and kidney failure. Although Th17 effectors are vital to fighting infection, functional imbalance of Th17 effectors and regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated, in a small pilot randomized clinical trial, whether expansion of inflammatory blood myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and conversion of Tregs to Th17 cells could be modulated with antibiotics (AB) as part of initial therapy in PD patients. PD patients were randomly assigned to either 7 d of peroral metronidazole/amoxicillin AB treatment or no AB, along with standard care debridement and chlorhexidine mouthwash. 16s ribosomal RNA analysis of keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and its consortium members Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus gordonii confirmed the presence of all three species in the reservoirs (subgingival pockets and blood DCs) of PD patients before treatment. Of the three species, P. gingivalis was reduced in both reservoirs 4-6 wk after therapy. Further, the frequency of CD1C+CCR6+ myeloid DCs and IL-1R1 expression on IL-17A+FOXP3+CD4+ T cells in PD patients were reduced to healthy control levels. The latter led to decreased IL-1β-stimulated Treg plasticity in PD patients and improvement in clinical measures of PD. Overall, we identified an important, albeit short-term, beneficial role of AB therapy in reducing inflammatory DCs and Treg-Th17 plasticity in humans with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Stephen Looney
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Cancer Research Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mahmoud Elashiry
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mohamed M Meghil
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ahmed R El-Awady
- Department of Research, Immunology Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo 57357, Egypt
| | - Omnia Tawfik
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; and
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arjunan P, Meghil MM, Pi W, Xu J, Lang L, El-Awady A, Sullivan W, Rajendran M, Rabelo MS, Wang T, Tawfik OK, Kunde-Ramamoorthy G, Singh N, Muthusamy T, Susin C, Teng Y, Arce RM, Cutler CW. Oral Pathobiont Activates Anti-Apoptotic Pathway, Promoting both Immune Suppression and Oncogenic Cell Proliferation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16607. [PMID: 30413788 PMCID: PMC6226501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a microbial dysbiotic disease linked to increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). To address the underlying mechanisms, mouse and human cell infection models and human biopsy samples were employed. We show that the ‘keystone’ pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, disrupts immune surveillance by generating myeloid-derived dendritic suppressor cells (MDDSCs) from monocytes. MDDSCs inhibit CTLs and induce FOXP3 + Tregs through an anti-apoptotic pathway. This pathway, involving pAKT1, pFOXO1, FOXP3, IDO1 and BIM, is activated in humans with CP and in mice orally infected with Mfa1 expressing P. gingivalis strains. Mechanistically, activation of this pathway, demonstrating FOXP3 as a direct FOXO1-target gene, was demonstrated by ChIP-assay in human CP gingiva. Expression of oncogenic but not tumor suppressor markers is consistent with tumor cell proliferation demonstrated in OSCC-P. gingivalis cocultures. Importantly, FimA + P. gingivalis strain MFI invades OSCCs, inducing inflammatory/angiogenic/oncogenic proteins stimulating OSCCs proliferation through CXCR4. Inhibition of CXCR4 abolished Pg-MFI-induced OSCCs proliferation and reduced expression of oncogenic proteins SDF-1/CXCR4, plus pAKT1-pFOXO1. Conclusively, P. gingivalis, through Mfa1 and FimA fimbriae, promotes immunosuppression and oncogenic cell proliferation, respectively, through a two-hit receptor-ligand process involving DC-SIGN+hi/CXCR4+hi, activating a pAKT+hipFOXO1+hiBIM−lowFOXP3+hi and IDO+hi- driven pathway, likely to impact the prognosis of oral cancers in patients with periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pachiappan Arjunan
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America.
| | - Mohamed M Meghil
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America.,Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wenhu Pi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jinxian Xu
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ahmed El-Awady
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William Sullivan
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, California, United States of America
| | - Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mariana Sousa Rabelo
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America.,Department of Periodontics, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Omnia K Tawfik
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thangaraju Muthusamy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elashiry M, Meghil M, Kalathingal S, Buchanan A, Rajendran M, Elrefai R, Ochieng M, Elawady A, Arce R, Sandhage K, Cutler C. Development of radiopaque, biocompatible, antimicrobial, micro-particle fillers for micro-CT imaging of simulated periodontal pockets. Dent Mater 2018; 34:569-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
9
|
Elashiry M, Meghil MM, Kalathingal S, Buchanan A, Elrefai R, Looney S, Rajendran M, Ochieng M, Young N, Elawady A, Arce RM, Sandhage KH, Cutler CW. Application of radiopaque micro-particle fillers for 3-D imaging of periodontal pocket analogues using cone beam CT. Dent Mater 2018; 34:619-628. [PMID: 29395473 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is an infectious/inflammatory disease most often diagnosed by deepening of the gingival sulcus, which leads to periodontal pockets (PPs) conventional manual periodontal probing does not provide detailed information on the three-dimensional (3-D) nature of PPs. OBJECTIVES To determine whether accurate 3-D analyses of the depths and volumes of calibrated PP analogues (PPAs) can be obtained by conventional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) coupled with novel radiopaque micro-particle fillers (described in the companion paper) injected into the PPAs. METHODS Two PPA models were employed: (1) a human skull model with artificial gingiva applied to teeth with alveolar bone loss and calibrated PPAs, and (2) a pig jaw model with alveolar bone loss and surgically-induced PPAs The PPAs were filled with controlled amounts of radiopaque micro-particle filler using volumetric pipetting Inter-method and intra-method agreement tests were then used to compare the PPA depths and volumes obtained from CBCT images with values obtained by masked examiners using calibrated manual methods. RESULTS Significant inter-method agreement (0.938-0.991) and intra-method agreement (0.94-0.99) were obtained when comparing analog manual data to digital CBCT measurements enabled by the radiopaque filler. SIGNIFICANCE CBCT imaging with radiopaque micro-particle fillers is a plausible means of visualizing and digitally assessing the depths, volumes, and 3-D shapes of PPs This approach could transform the diagnosis and treatment planning of periodontal disease, with particular initial utility in complex cases Efforts to confirm the clinical practicality of these fillers are currently in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Elashiry
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - M M Meghil
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - S Kalathingal
- Department of Diagnostic Science, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A Buchanan
- Department of Diagnostic Science, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R Elrefai
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - S Looney
- Department of Biostatistics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M Rajendran
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M Ochieng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N Young
- Department of General Dentistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A Elawady
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R M Arce
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - K H Sandhage
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - C W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Devi NP, Kumar AMV, Chinnakali P, Rajendran M, Valan AS, Rewari BB, Swaminathan S. Loss to follow-up among children in pre-ART care under the National AIDS Programme, Tamil Nadu, South India. Public Health Action 2017; 7:90-94. [PMID: 28695080 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: Children aged <15 years constitute 7% of all people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India. A previous study from an antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre in south India reported 82% loss to follow-up (LTFU) among children in pre-ART care (2006-2011). Objective: To assess the proportion of LTFU within 1 year of registration among HIV-infected children (aged < 15 years) registered in all 43 ART centres in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, during the year 2012. Design: This was a retrospective cohort study involving a review of programme records. Results: Of 656 children registered for HIV care, 20 (3%) were not assessed for ART eligibility. Of those remaining, 226 (36%) were not ART eligible and entered pre-ART care. Among these, at 1 year of registration, 50 (22%) were LTFU, 40 (18%) were transferred out and 136 (60%) were retained in care at the same centre. The child's age, sex, World Health Organization stage or occurrence of opportunistic infection were not associated with LTFU. Conclusion: One in five children registered under pre-ART care were lost to follow-up. Stronger measures to prevent LTFU and reinforce retrieval actions are necessary in the existing National HIV Programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N P Devi
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Madurai, India
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, (The Union) Paris, France.,The Union South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - P Chinnakali
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - M Rajendran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Madurai, India
| | - A S Valan
- India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - B B Rewari
- National AIDS Control Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - S Swaminathan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar SR, Pooranagangadevi N, Rajendran M, Mayer K, Flanigan T, Niaura R, Balaguru S, Venkatesan P, Swaminathan S. Physician's advice on quitting smoking in HIV and TB patients in south India: a randomised clinical trial. Public Health Action 2017; 7:39-45. [PMID: 28775942 PMCID: PMC5526492 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Madurai, India. Objective: To determine the efficacy of physician's advice on quitting smoking compared with standard counselling in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design/Methods: This was a clinical trial conducted in Madurai, south India, among 160 male patients (80 with TB and 80 with HIV), randomised and stratified by nicotine dependence (low/high according to the Fagerström scale), who received physician's advice with standard counselling or standard counselling alone for smoking cessation. Abstinence at 1 month was assessed by self-report and carbon monoxide breath analysis. Results: The patients' mean age was 39.4 years (SD 8.5). Overall, 35% of the patients had high nicotine dependence. Most patients (41%) smoked both cigarettes and bidis. In a combined analysis including both the HIV and the TB groups, quit rates were 41% of the 68 patients in the physician group and 35% of the 68 patients in the standard counselling arm. Conclusions: Physician's advice to quit smoking delivered to patients with TB or HIV is feasible and acceptable. Smoking cessation could easily be initiated in TB patients in programme settings. Future studies should assess long-term abstinence rates with a larger sample size to demonstrate the efficacy of physician's advice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Kumar
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - N Pooranagangadevi
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - M Rajendran
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - K Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Flanigan
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - R Niaura
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S Balaguru
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - P Venkatesan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S Swaminathan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rajendran M. Quinones as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy: ROS generation, mechanism and detection methods. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 13:175-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
13
|
Meenakshi K, Rajendran M, Srikumar S, Chidambaram S. Epicardial fat thickness: A surrogate marker of coronary artery disease - Assessment by echocardiography. Indian Heart J 2016; 68:336-41. [PMID: 27316487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epicardial fat is considered as indicator of cardiovascular risk. Several studies have tested the association between epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and coronary artery disease. The aim of our study is to test the hypothesis that echocardiographic EFT is a marker of coronary artery disease. METHODS One hundred and ten patients (70 males and 40 females with mean age of 51.5±10.6 and 52.6±9.6, respectively) admitted for coronary angiogram underwent assessment of epicardial fat thickness by echocardiography. Routine clinical examination, evaluation of risk factor profile, and anthropometric variables were also done. Epicardial fat thickness was measured on the free wall of right ventricle in parasternal long- and short-axis views at end-systole for 3 cardiac cycles. RESULTS Mean epicardial fat thickness in angiographically normal patients and acute coronary syndromes were 4.4±1.2 and 6.9±1.9, respectively. Epicardial fat thickness in males and females were not statistically different. Burden of coronary arterial lesions denoted by Gensini score shows linear association with epicardial fat thickness and the severity of the coronary disease. CONCLUSION Epicardial fat is independently and linearly associated with CAD and its severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Meenakshi
- Department of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India.
| | - M Rajendran
- Department of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - S Srikumar
- Department of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghoshal P, Rajendran M, Odo N, Ikuta T. Glycosylation inhibitors efficiently inhibit P-selectin-mediated cell adhesion to endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99363. [PMID: 24945938 PMCID: PMC4063735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules play a critical role in the adhesive interactions of multiple cell types in sickle cell disease (SCD). We previously showed that anti-P-selectin aptamer efficiently inhibits cell adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) and permits SCD mice to survive hypoxic stress. In an effort to discover new mechanisms with which to inhibit P-selectin, we examined the role of glycosylation. P-selectin is a 90 kDa protein but was found to migrate as 90 and 140 kDa bands on gel electrophoresis. When P-selectin isolated from ECs was digested with peptide N-glycosidase F, but not O-glycosidase, the 140 kDa band was lost and the 90 kDa band was enhanced. Treatment of ECs with tunicamycin, an N-glycosylation inhibitor, suppressed CD62P (P-selectin) expression on the cell surface as well as the 140 kDa form in the cytoplasm. These results indicate that the 140 kDa band is N-glycosylated and glycosylation is critical for cell surface expression of P-selectin in ECs. Thrombin, which stimulates P-selectin expression on ECs, induced AKT phosphorylation, whereas tunicamycin inhibited AKT phosphorylation, suggesting that AKT signaling is involved in the tunicamycin-mediated inhibition of P-selectin expression. Importantly, the adhesion of sickle red blood cells (sRBCs) and leukocytes to ECs induced by thrombin or hypoxia was markedly inhibited by two structurally distinct glycosylation inhibitors; the levels of which were comparable to that of a P-selectin monoclonal antibody which most strongly inhibited cell adhesion in vivo. Knockdown studies of P-selectin using short-hairpin RNAs in ECs suppressed sRBC adhesion, indicating a legitimate role for P-selectin in sRBC adhesion. Together, these results demonstrate that P-selectin expression on ECs is regulated in part by glycosylation mechanisms and that glycosylation inhibitors efficiently reduce the adhesion of sRBCs and leukocytes to ECs. Glycosylation inhibitors may lead to a novel therapy which inhibits cell adhesion in SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nadine Odo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tohru Ikuta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies in Chemistry, N. M. S. S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai, India
| | - M. Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies in Chemistry, N. M. S. S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai, India
| | - D. Devapiriam
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies in Chemistry, N. M. S. S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kunhiparambath H, Laviraj M, Rath G, Gupta S, Sharma D, Rajendran M, Prabhakar R, Julka P. A Dosimetric Comparison of VMAT, IMRT, and 3DCRT in the Reirradiation of Recurrent Gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Ravichandran R, Rajendran M, Devapiriam D. Antioxidant study of quercetin and their metal complex and determination of stability constant by spectrophotometry method. Food Chem 2013; 146:472-8. [PMID: 24176370 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin found chelate cadmium ions, scavenge free radicals produced by cadmium. Hence new complex, quercetin with cadmium was synthesised, and the synthesised complex structures were determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis techniques (UV-vis, IR, TGA and DTA). The equilibrium stability constants of quercetin-cadmium complex were determined by Job's method. The determined stability constant value of quercetin-cadminum complex at pH 4.4 is 2.27×10(6) and at pH 7.4 is 7.80×10(6). It was found that the quercetin and cadmium ion form 1:1 complex in both pH 4.4 and pH 7.4. The structure of the compounds was elucidated on the basis of obtained results. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the free quercetin and quercetin-cadmium complexes were determined by DPPH and ABTS assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies in Chemistry, N.M.S.S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Nagamalai, Madurai 625 019, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oumabady Alias Cannane N, Rajendran M, Selvaraju R. FT-IR spectral studies on polluted soils from industrial area at Karaikal, Puducherry State, South India. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 110:46-54. [PMID: 23562739 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been carried out to analyze the chemical composition of soil samples. The soil samples were collected from an industrial environment at Karaikal, Union Territory of Pondicherry, South India. The FT-IR results indicate that soils have different composition, i.e., namely kaolinite, quartz, montmorillonite, aragonite, hematite, feldspar and calcite, respectively. From the spectral pattern, the chemical compositions of soil samples were identified. The quantitative estimations of kaolinite (1032 cm(-1) and 1634 cm(-1)), quartz (779 cm(-1), 692 cm(-1) and 464 cm(-1)), montmorillonite (3421 cm(-1)), organic material (2922 cm(-1)) and hematite (532 cm(-1)) were calculated using particular peaks of FT-IR studies spectrum. From the XRD pattern, the chemical compositions of soil samples were confirmed. In the study reveals that kaolinite and quartz minerals were predominant whereas montmorillonite and hematite are in moderate level, and organic materials are found in trace. Quantitative analyses of soils show that quartz (36%), kaolinite (34%), hematite (13%), montmorillonite (12%), illite (3%) and organic material (2%) are present in all the soil samples at various sites.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rath G, Kunhiparambath H, Prabhakar R, Laviraj M, Rajendran M, Julka P. Impact of Beam Energy Variations and Setup Error in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
20
|
Laviraj M, Haresh K, Rath G, Prabhakar R, Rajendran M, Julka P. A Method to Validate the 4-dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography (4D-CBCT) in External Beam Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Kumar S, Kumar S, Rajendran M, Alam SM, Lin FF, Cheng PW, Lin MF. Steroids up-regulate p66Shc longevity protein in growth regulation by inhibiting its ubiquitination. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15942. [PMID: 21264241 PMCID: PMC3021521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p66Shc, an isoform of Shc adaptor proteins, mediates diverse signals, including cellular stress and mouse longevity. p66Shc protein level is elevated in several carcinomas and steroid-treated human cancer cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that p66Shc plays a critical role in steroid-related carcinogenesis, and steroids play a role in its elevated levels in those cells without known mechanism. Methods and Findings In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which steroid hormones up-regulate p66Shc protein level. In steroid-treated human prostate and ovarian cancer cells, p66Shc protein levels were elevated, correlating with increased cell proliferation. These steroid effects on p66Shc protein and cell growth were competed out by the respective antagonist. Further, actinomycin D and cyclohexamide could only partially block the elevated p66Shc protein level by steroids. Treatment with proteasomal inhibitors, but not lysosomal protease inhibitor, resulted in elevated p66Shc protein levels, even higher than that by steroids. Using prostate cancer cells as a model, immunoprecipitation revealed that androgens and proteasomal inhibitors reduce the ubiquitinated p66Shc proteins. Conclusions The data collectively indicate that functional steroid receptors are required in steroid up-regulation of p66Shc protein levels in prostate and ovarian cancer cells, correlating with cell proliferation. In these steroid-treated cells, elevated p66Shc protein level is apparently in part due to inhibiting its ubiquitination. The results may lead to an impact on advanced cancer therapy via the regulation of p66Shc protein by up-regulating its ubiquitination pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Syed Mahfuzul Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Fen-Fen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Pi-Wan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rajendran M, Thomes P, Zhang L, Veeramani S, Lin MF. p66Shc--a longevity redox protein in human prostate cancer progression and metastasis : p66Shc in cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:207-22. [PMID: 20111892 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
p66Shc, a 66 kDa proto-oncogene Src homologous-collagen homologue (Shc) adaptor protein, is classically known in mediating receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and recently identified as a sensor to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and as a longevity protein in mammals. The expression of p66Shc is decreased in mice and increased in human fibroblasts upon aging and in aging-related diseases, including prostate cancer. p66Shc protein level correlates with the proliferation of several carcinoma cells and can be regulated by steroid hormones. Recent advances point that p66Shc protein plays a role in mediating cross-talk between steroid hormones and redox signals by serving as a common convergence point in signaling pathways on cell proliferation and apoptosis. This article first reviews the unique function of p66Shc protein in regulating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Subsequently, we discuss its novel role in androgen-regulated prostate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and the mechanism by which it mediates androgen action via the redox signaling pathway. The data together indicate that p66Shc might be a useful biomarker for the prognosis of prostate cancer and serve as an effective target for its cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation plays a critical role in growth regulation, and its aberrant regulation can be involved in carcinogenesis. The association of Shc (Src homolog and collagen homolog) adaptor protein family members in tyrosine phosphorylation signaling pathway is well recognized. Shc adaptor proteins transmit activated tyrosine phosphorylation signaling that suggest their plausible role in growth regulation including carcinogenesis and metastasis. In parallel, by sharing a similar mechanism of carcinogenesis, the steroids are involved in the early stage of carcinogenesis as well as the regulation of cancer progression and metastatic processes. Recent evidence indicates a cross-talk between tyrosine phosphorylation signaling and steroid hormone action in epithelial cells, including prostate and breast cancer cells. Therefore, the members of Shc proteins may function as mediators between tyrosine phosphorylation and steroid signaling in steroid-regulated cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. In this communication, we discuss the novel roles of Shc proteins, specifically p52(Shc) and p66(Shc), in steroid hormone-regulated cancers and a novel molecular mechanism by which redox signaling induced by p66(Shc) mediates steroid action via a non-genomic pathway. The p66(Shc) protein may serve as an effective biomarker for predicting cancer prognosis as well as a useful target for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mahfuzul Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rajasekaran D, Chandrasekar S, Rajendran M. Drug related crisis in myasthenia gravis. J Assoc Physicians India 2006; 54:820-1. [PMID: 17214282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies against the nicotinic Ach receptor resulting in impaired transmission at the NM junction. A number of drugs have been reported to cause neuromuscular blockade and/or to increase weakness in myasthenia gravis. We report a case of myasthenia gravis in which the calcium channel blocker-nifedipine caused the worsening of the symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Rajasekaran
- Department of Medicne, Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rajendran M, Inbaraj JJ, Gandhidasan R, Murugesan R. Photogeneration of reactive oxygen species by 3-arylcoumarin and flavanocoumarin derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Rajendran M, Jayakumar W, Kishore R. Kaposi's sarcoma in a foreigner. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52:836. [PMID: 15909865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arthanareeswaran G, Srinivasan K, Mahendran R, Mohan D, Rajendran M, Mohan V. Studies on cellulose acetate and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) blend ultrafiltration membranes. Eur Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2003.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Kumar MD, Thehazhnan PK, Umapathy MJ, Rajendran M. FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE IN THE PRESENCE OF PHASE TRANSFER CATALYST--A KINETIC STUDY. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/714976008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
32
|
Dharmendira Kumar M, Konguvel Thehazhnan P, Umapathy MJ, Rajendran M. FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE IN THE PRESENCE OF PHASE TRANSFER CATALYST—A KINETIC STUDY. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/00914030490263469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the photodynamic action of electron-rich anthraquinones, viz., cynodontin (CYN) and cynodontin-5,8-dimethylether (CYNM). Both optical and EPR methods are used to detect the generation of singlet oxygen. Based on RNO bleaching, relative to rose bengal (RB), singlet oxygen generating efficiencies of CYN and CYNM are derived to be 0.055 and 0.254, respectively. The formation of superoxide anion via electron transfer to O2 was monitored by optical spectroscopy, using SOD-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction assay. The production of O2-* is enhanced in the presence of electron donors such as EDTA and NADH. Photolysis of CYN and CYNM in DMSO, in the presence of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), generates a multi-line EPR spectrum, characteristic of spin adduct mixture of O2-* and *OH. Both optical and ESR measurements indicate that O2-* (Type I) and 1O2 (Type II) paths are involved in CYN and CYNM photodynamic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, NMSSVN College, Madurai 625 019, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Malaisamy R, Mahendran R, Mohan D, Rajendran M, Mohan V. Cellulose acetate and sulfonated polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes. I. Preparation and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
35
|
Sekar B, Elangeswaran N, Jayarama E, Rajendran M, Kumar SS, Vijayaraghavan R, Anandan D, Arunagiri K. Drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium leprae: a retrospective analysis of mouse footpad inoculation results from 1983 to 1997. LEPROSY REV 2002; 73:239-44. [PMID: 12449888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the results of mouse foot pad (MFP) tests performed between 1983 and 1997 in our laboratory for the cases referred with clinical suspicion of relapse/drug resistance. A total of 214 cases, with clinical suspicion of relapse/drug resistance were investigated for susceptibility to the drugs of MDT by MFP inoculation. Among 96 inoculations that showed conclusive results, 81 (84%) were fully sensitive to dapsone, suggesting that most of the clinically suspected relapse is due to drug susceptible Mycobacterium leprae. Of the remaining 15 strains (16%) found resistant to dapsone, 13 (87%) were of high grade resistance and one strain each of intermediate grade and low grade dapsone resistance, suggesting that most of the dapsone resistance is secondary in nature. No case of rifampicin resistance was found. Only one case of combined dapsone and unconfirmed clofazimine resistance was found. No other combined multidrug resistance was observed in our analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Sekar
- Laboratory Division, Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chengalpattu 603001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sekar B, Elangeswaran N, Jayarama E, Rajendran M, Kumar SS, Vijayaraghavan R, Anandan D, Arunagiri K. Drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium leprae: a retrospective analysis of mouse footpad inoculation results from 1983 to 1997. LEPROSY REV 2002. [DOI: 10.47276/lr.73.3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
37
|
Rajendran M, Kolunthu MKS, Rajasekaran R, Kishore R. Pictorial CME. Spastic quadriplegia due to cervical cord compression. J Assoc Physicians India 2002; 50:438. [PMID: 11924575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rajendran
- Govt. Rajaji Hospital, RK Hospitals, Madurai
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Currie K, Rajendran M, Spink J, Carter M, Anderson J. Consumer health information. What the research is telling us. Aust Fam Physician 2001; 30:1108-12. [PMID: 11759465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumer health information is a necessary component of patient care and consumer participation. OBJECTIVE To outline the findings of the 'Assessing the Quality of Consumer Health Information Project' and discuss strategies for improving consumer information. DISCUSSION The pamphlets identified in this study were not developed with consumer input with consequent deficits apparent. Providers and consumers appeared to use the information for very different purposes but both groups were critical of the ambiguous terminology and lack of quantified data. The provision of relevant information is a fundamental prerequisite of consumer participation in decision making in health care. Such information needs to be available, accurate, and understandable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Currie
- Centre for Clinical Effectiveness, Monash Institute of Public Health, Monash Medical Centre, Victoria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rajendran M. The venous hum. J Assoc Physicians India 2000; 48:1222. [PMID: 11280240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
40
|
Abstract
Reagentless biosensors that can directly transduce molecular recognition to optical signals should potentiate the development of sensor arrays for a wide variety of analytes. Nucleic acid aptamers that bind ligands tightly and specifically can be readily selected, but may prove difficult to adapt to biosensor applications. We have therefore attempted to develop selection methods that couple the broad molecular recognition properties of aptamers with signal transduction. Anti-adenosine aptamers were selected from a pool that was skewed to contain very few fluoresceinated uridines. The primary family of aptamers showed a doubling of relative fluorescence intensity at saturating concentrations of a cognate analyte, ATP, and could sense ATP concentrations as low as 25 microM. A single uridine was present in the best signaling aptamer. Surprisingly, other dyes could substitute for fluorescein and still specifically signal the presence of ATP, indicating that the single uridine functioned as a general "switch" for transducing molecular recognition to optical signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jhaveri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rajendran M, Vivekanandan SC, Naveen R, Justin C. Down's syndrome with unusual manifestations. J Assoc Physicians India 1998; 46:832. [PMID: 11229264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
42
|
Kumar MD, Rajendran M. Effect of Dissolved Salts on the Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Relationships of Three Miscible Binary Systems at the Pressure of 101.3 kPa. J Chem Eng Japan / JCEJ 1998. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.31.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Dharmendira Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University
| | - M. Rajendran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chelliah T, Rajendran M, Daniel MK, Sahayam JL. Stroke following scorpion sting. J Assoc Physicians India 1993; 41:310. [PMID: 8300469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A 30 year old male presented with crossed buccofacial apraxia, apraxia for speech, Left UMN facial palsy and hemiplegia following scorpion sting. A cerebrovascular accident can develop following a scorpion sting due to venom-induced cerebral thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Chelliah
- Gen Medicine, Madhurai Medical College, Madurai, TamilNadu
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chelliah T, Rajendran M, Daniel MK, Senthil K. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. J Assoc Physicians India 1992; 40:766-7. [PMID: 1307547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Chelliah
- Department of Medicine, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
HSPA6 is a member of the human heat-shock protein gene family, encoding a basic 70-kDa protein, with unique induction characteristics (Leung et al., 1990, Biochem. J. 267: 125-132). Hybridization analyses with a somatic cell hybrid DNA panel localized the gene to chromosome 1q. The highly related HSPA7 DNA sequence (Voellmy et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 4949-4953) colocalized. Both HSPA6 and HSPA7 represent functional genes, as determined by analyses of mRNA from heat-shocked human cells using specific oligonucleotides, although their pattern of expression differed. Neither mRNA was detected in the absence of heat stress. A BamHI polymorphism in the HSPA7 gene was present in a predominantly Asian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T K Leung
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bhatia VN, Dhandayuthapani S, Ananthan D, Rajendran M, Vasanth B, Jayasingh K, Kumar CH. Sub-clinical infection with Mycobacterium leprae in household contacts of leprosy. Indian J Lepr 1990; 62:296-304. [PMID: 2262713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
870 household contacts of leprosy patients were examined for sub-clinical infection with M. leprae by smear (skin and nasal), lepromin and FLA-ABS tests. 0.6%, 3.3%, 71.5% and 14.4% of the contacts were found to be positive for skin smear, nasal smear, lepromin and FLA-ABS tests respectively. An analysis of the results revealed that 4% of the lepromin positive contacts and 3.6% of the lepromin negative contacts were positive to both FLA-ABS and skin or nasal smear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V N Bhatia
- Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
George J, Rajendran M, Bhatia VN. Serum beta-glucuronidase in subtypes of leprosy. Indian J Med Res 1990; 91:106-10. [PMID: 2345017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum beta-glucuronidase activity was estimated using phenolphthalein mono-beta-glucuronic acid as substrate in 176 individuals including 72 lepromatous leprosy patients, 24 patients of borderline leprosy, 42 of borderline tuberculoid and 38 healthy controls. Of these, 35 patients (20 with lepromatous leprosy, 5 with borderline leprosy and 10 with borderline tuberculoid) were untreated. The enzyme levels were increased significantly in all types of leprosy, the highest levels being seen in treated lepromatous leprosy patients (105.0 SU). There was also a significant difference in the enzyme activity between untreated patients and those on combined dapsone and rifampicin therapy, in all three types of leprosy. Among untreated patients, the maximum value observed in lepromatous leprosy was 93.4 SU. The lowest enzyme level in healthy control was 19.5 SU and the maximum was 54.0 SU. The results suggest that in leprosy patients, especially in those on daily multidrug regimens, there is an extensive damage of leucocytes and liver cells where the enzyme is largely present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J George
- Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Institute, Chengalpattu
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The efficacy of different dose rates of Praziquantel (Droncit R) in tablet and liquid (injectable) form against Raillietina tetragona in the domestic fowl was studied. A dose of 10 mg kg-1 of Praziquantel in tablet form and 0.15 ml kg-1 in liquid form was found to be effective against R. tetragona infection irrespective of age, sex and intensity of infestation of the host. Intramuscular (IM) administration of liquid Praziquantel was found to be more effective than subcutaneous (SC) administration. Susceptibility of the parasite to this drug increased with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rajendran
- Zoology Department, Mar Ivanios College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | | |
Collapse
|