Li4GeO4-Li2CaGeО4 phase equilibria and Li2+xCa1-xGeO4 solid solutions

Detailed studies of the Li4GeО4-Li2CaGeО4 system by solid-phase syntheses of various compositions from pure Li4GeО4 to pure Li2CaGeО4 in the temperature range from 25 to 1125 °C is investigated for a first time. Solid state synthesis powders are characterized by X-ray and DSC/TG methods. Concentration and temperature two-phase regions of Li4GeО4 and Li2CaGeО4 as well as two-phase regions of Li2CaGeО4 and Li2+2xCa1-xGeO4 are established. Region of pure Li2+2xCa1-xGeO4 solid solution are detected too and it structure is investigated. Being structural analog to Li2+2xZn1-xGeO4 and Li2+2xMg1-xGeO4, Li2+2xCa1-xGeO4 has own specific local environment of the metal ions. The obtained results are compared with those for Li4GeО4-Li2ZnGeО4 system and for Li2+2xZn1-xGeO4 solid solution. The differences of the phase diagrams and structural features of the solid solutions are discussed.

Acute Management of Deep Periorbital Burns: A 10-Year Review of Experience

Deep periorbital burns are an important issue mainly due to the presence of the eyes in the region, and the crucial importance of preservation of vision. There is no consensus regarding their treatment. A retrospective analysis of the treatment and outcome of 446 patients with deep burns of the periorbital region admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of St George's University Hospital in Plovdiv, Bulgaria over 10 years was conducted. The study covers 446 patients, 162 female (36.5%) and 284 male (63.5%) aged from 5 months to 92 years. Deep periorbital burns accounted for 74.8% of hospitalized deep facial burns. Most frequent burn agents were hot liquids and flames. The mean total body surface area affected was 19.6% (min 0.5%, max 80.0%). Concomitant ocular pathology was diagnosed in 14% (n=63) of the patients. An early, staged and precise surgical approach was preferred, aimed at fast wound closure without sacrificing survived tissues. Follow up time ranged from 3 months to 5 years, median 37 months. Late ocular sequelae occurred in 7.4% (n=33) of the patients. There was no incidence of secondary corneal perforation or definitive loss of vision. Timely and adequate treatment during the acute period can minimize initial damage and late sequelae. Favor is given to the early, balanced surgical approach aimed at rapid wound closure between day 2 and 10 post burn. Preservation of vision is a determining factor for the significance of trauma and the effectiveness of treatment.

Thermal Behavior Changes of As-Received and Retrieved Bio-Active® (BA) and TriTanium® (TR) Multiforce Nickel-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires

Multiforce nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires release progressively increasing forces in a front-to-back direction along their length. The properties of NiTi orthodontic archwires depend on the correlation and characteristics of their microstructural phases (austenite, martensite and the intermediate R-phase). From a clinical and manufacturing point of view, the determination of the austenite finish (Af) temperature is of the greatest importance, as in the austenitic phase, the alloy is most stable and exhibits the final workable form. The main purpose of using multiforce orthodontic archwires is to decrease the intensity of the applied forces to the teeth with a small root surface area, such as the lower central incisors, and also provide forces high enough to move the molars. With the optimally dosed forces of multiforce orthodontic archwires in the frontal, premolar and molar segments, the feeling of pain can be reduced. This will contribute to the greater cooperation of the patient, which is of utmost importance to achieve optimal results. The aim of this research was to determine the Af temperature at each segment of as-received and retrieved Bio-Active^® and TriTanium^® archwires with dimensions of 0.016 × 0.022 inches, investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. A classical Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test and multi-variance comparison based on the ANOVA test statistic using the Bonferroni corrected Mann-Whitney test for multiple comparisons were used. The incisor, premolar and molar segments have different Af temperatures, and they decrease from the anterior to posterior so that the posterior segment has the lowest Af. Bio-Active^® and TriTanium^® with dimensions of 0.016 × 0.022 inches can be used as first leveling archwires by additional cooling and are not recommended for use on patients with mouth breathing.

Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Mental Disorders

Introduction

Clinical practice has shown that SARS-CoV-2 viral infection increases the likelihood of developing mental disorders.Clinical practice has shown that SARS-CoV-2 viral infection increases the likelihood of developing mental disorders.

Objectives

To analyze clinical indicators of patients with COVID-19 with mental disorders and to identify predictors of adverse outcomes associated with mental state on its basis.

Methods

The study included 97 patients, 41 men and 56 women (62.3±15.3 years of age). During the observation period, 26 people died and 71 people recovered. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire (109 variables). Binary logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used.

Results

In the study group, death occurred on average after 11.5 days. In this group, the mental state of patients was more severe with a predominance of cases of delirium. With age, the probability of a fatal outcome increased by 1.03 with each year of life. The severity of mental disorder had a greater impact on the risk of death compared to age (p=0.003). Improvement of the mental state of patients during psychotropic therapy was associated with a reduction in the risk of an unfavorable outcome of coronavirus infection by 11.11 times. The greatest contribution to the unfavorable outcome was made by the severity of infection: the risk of death increased by 33.17 times.

Conclusions

A severe or extremely severe mental state increased the risk of death by 4.55 times. The most significant factor in predicting mortality was associated with the severity of the underlying disease.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Clinical and immunological profile of patients with schizophrenia

Introduction

The question of the involvement of inflammatory and autoimmune processes in schizophrenia pathogenesis has become the most relevant in the last decade and yet is not fully understood.

Objectives

The study included 60 patients with paranoid schizophrenia (age 18 - 55 y.o.) and 30 healthy control group participants. Patients were in a stabilization state without a history of organic brain disorder or another verified somatic disease in the exacerbation phase.

Methods

Research methods included follow-up method, neuropsychological (PANSS, BAC-S), laboratory (enzyme immunoassay, flow cytometry), and statistical.

Results

Patients with schizophrenia had significant structural disorders of thinking, passive, apathetic withdrawal, negativism, impaired attention, psychomotor speed, volitional impulses. Cognitive impairment was detected in all study participants. Severe impairments are noted in the executive functioning, hand-eye coordination, attention, psychomotor speed. The severity of cognitive impairments correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms. Patients with schizophrenia had a significant decrease in central memory T-regulators levels, and an increase in Th1 and Th2 subsets, «double-positive» and «сlassic» Th17, Tfh2, «classic» Tfh17, and in Tfh17.1 (Pic.1).

Picture. 1. T-helper subsets in patients with schizophrenia. They also had high levels of CCL20, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-27, IL-31, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-9, TNFα in comparison with a control group. A significantly decreased levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-2, IL-22, and TNFβ were also described in this group of patients.

Conclusions

Patients with schizophrenia may be characterized by the presence of an inflammatory process and a high chance of autoimmunity. Aknowledgement. This work was supported by the grant of the Russian Federation Government, contract 14.W03.31.0009

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Mental health care needs of transgender people living in Russia

Introduction

The majority of researchers agree that transgender people have an increased burden of mental disorders compared to the general population. However, it is strongly suggested that transgender people still do not receive mental health care that they need.

Objectives

To assess the mental health care needs of transgender people living in Russia.

Methods

An anonymous online survey was conducted throughout November 2019. 588 transgender adults living in all Federal Districts of Russia (mean age 24.0±6.7) were included in the final analysis.

Results

It was found that 308 respondents (52.4%) had visited mental health professional prior to gender transition. 150 people (25.5%) reported to had been diagnosed with a mental disorder before gender transition, and a further 77 respondents (13.1%) indicated that they had been diagnosed with a mental disorder after transition began. 157 people (26.7%) received treatment from a mental health professional. 222 respondents (37.8%) had experience of taking medication off-prescription to improve mental wellbeing. 464 people (78.9%) reported being in need of psychological care. 289 people (49.1%) indicated that they were experiencing barriers in obtaining psychiatric (psychotherapeutic, psychological) care, which was associated with a perceived need for psychological support (OR=4.33 [95% CI: 2.49;7.80], p<0.001), being diagnosed with a mental disorder prior to gender transition (OR=2.19 [95% CI: 1.30;3.77], p=0.004), poorer housing conditions (OR=0.86 [95% CI: 0.79;0.93], p<0.001).

Conclusions

Our research shows that there is a high perceived need for qualified mental health care for transgender people in Russia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Burnout among early career psychiatrists in Russia – results of a cross-sectional study

Introduction

Despite the long history of burnout studies, the problem of burnout among psychiatric specialists in Russia is insufficiently studied. The risk of burnout is the highest among psychiatrists in the first 10 years of their career.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence and severity of burnout in early career psychiatrists (ECPs) in Russia.

Methods

An anonymous online survey of ECPs in Russia was conducted in July-August 2019 with a screening for burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The final sample consisted of 165 people (61.2% women; mean age 31.05±3.88). 95.2% of respondents lived in urban areas.

Results

A high level of burnout according to at least one of the MBI scales was revealed in 71.5% of ECPs: in 79 (78.2%) women and 39 (60.9%) men (χ2(1)=5.74; p=0.017). Mean values of the MBI Emotional Exhaustion scale corresponded to 23.33±8.97 and 17.97±8.49 (U=1999.5; p=0.003), the MBI Depersonalization scale – 10.46±4.81 and 9.16±4.22 (U=2598.5; p=0.083), and the MBI Personal Accomplishment scale – 33.02±5.98 and 35.32±5.75 (U=2409.5; p=0.026) for women and men, respectively. The following risk factors for professional burnout were identified: female sex (OR=3.54 [95% CI: 1.96; 6.39], p<0.001), overlapping of several working positions (OR=2.44 [95% CI: 1.36; 4.37], p=0.003), difficulties in work due to changes in documentation requirements introduced since the start of career (OR=2.32 [95% CI: 1.31; 4.11], p=0.004).

Conclusions

A high frequency of burnout among ECPs in Russia was revealed which suggests the urgent need for studies assessing the ways to prevent burnout in psychiatrists in Russia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Indium silicate with an imandrite-type structure

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of novel zeolite-like indium silicate MS-2 (Minho-Sofia, solid number 2). The structure of this material is analogous to that of the mineral imandrite (Na₆Ca_1.5FeSi₆O₁₈), with In instead of Fe in the octahedral position. MS-2 is the first structurally confirmed indium silicate prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions and the only synthetic indium silicate related to the lovozerite mineral group. MS-2 (Na_6.23Ca_1.62In_0.68Si₆O₁₈) exhibits significant indium deficiency in the octahedral position thus having the highest Si/In (8.8) ratio among the known indium silicates. The framework consists of occupationally disordered InO₆ octahedra interconnected by 6-membered rings of [Si₆O₁₈] tetrahedra. The three-dimensional (3D) tunnel system is occupied by Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ charge-balancing ions. The low framework density (16.2 FC/1000 ų) and high thermal stability (up to 900 °C) are comparable to other molecular sieves.

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of novel zeolite-like indium silicate MS-2 (Minho-Sofia, solid number 2).

The prevalence of anxiety and depression in transgender people living in russia

Introduction

The prevalence rates of mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression, is high among transgender people. However, the incidence of anxiety and depression in transgender people living in Russia is unclear until now.

Objectives

To examine the frequency of anxiety and depression in transgender people living in Russia.

Methods

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for online screening for symptoms of anxiety and depression in transgender people living in Russia throughout November 2019. 588 transgender adults living in all Federal Districts of Russia (mean age 24.0±6.7) were included in the final analysis. 69.6% (n=409) of the survey participants indicated the direction of transition as transmasculine (TM), 23.1% (n=136) – as transfeminine (TW), and 7.3% (n=43) – as other (TO).

Results

It was found that 45.1% (n=265) and 24.0% (n=141) of transgender people had clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression, respectively (HADS score of 11 or higher). The rates of anxiety (TM=10.21±4.68; TW=8.72±3.91; TO=10.72±4.43) and depression (TM=7.53±4.09; TW=7.40±4.19; TO=7.74±4.33) did not have statistically significant differences within the direction of transition. The anxiety and depression mean scores in all subgroups were statistically significantly higher than in the general Russian population (p<0.001; one sample t-test).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a high prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in the transgender population as compared to the cisgender population in Russia. The identified frequency of anxiety and depression in transgender people in Russia is worrying and requires immediate action to improve the availability and quality of medical and psychological care for this group of people.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

24-epibrassinolide-induced growth promotion of wheat seedlings is associated with changes in the proteome and tyrosine phosphoproteome

Brassinosteroids (BRs) represent a unique class of steroidal plant hormones that display pronounced growth-promoting activity at very low concentrations. Although many efforts have been made to characterize the molecular basis of BR action, little is known about the mechanisms behind the growth-promoting effect of BRs at protein level. Proteomic analysis of response to the steroid plant hormone 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) in wheat seedling shoots (Triticum aestivum L.) was performed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and immunoblotting with highly specific antibodies (PY20) to phosphotyrosine. EBR-modulated proteins and phosphotyrosine polypeptides were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The study revealed that EBR-stimulated growth of wheat seedlings was accompanied by changes in the content of multiple proteins as well as in tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous polypeptides. Among them, 22 differentially accumulated proteins and 13 phosphotyrosine proteins were identified. Based on their performed functions, the identified proteins are involved in physiological processes (photosynthesis, growth, energy and amino acid metabolism) closely associated with intensification of plant metabolism. The EBR-induced changes in protein abundance and tyrosine phosphorylation profile may contribute to growth stimulation of wheat seedlings under the action of EBR. The obtained data suggest an important role for EBR in the activation of protein metabolism underlying fundamental physiological processes, including growth promotion.

Three-Dimensional (3D) Microporous Iron Silicate with an Imandrite Type of Structure

Small-pore iron silicate MS-1 (Minho-Sofia, solid number 1) with a 3D porous system, an analogue of the rare mineral imandrite, has been synthesized and characterized. This material is the lowest framework density iron silicate, one of the most siliceous (Si/Fe = 6) iron silicates, the first iron cyclosilicate achieved at hydrothermal conditions, and the only synthetic iron-based member of the lovozerite mineral group.

IVIG ameliorate inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis: projection for IVIG therapy in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that leads to joint destruction and disability. Despite a significant progress in administration of biological agents for RA patients, there is still a need for improved therapy. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), a pooled polyspecific immunoglobulin (Ig)G extracted from 5000 to 20 000 healthy subjects, showed beneficial therapeutic effect in patients with immune deficiency, sepsis and autoimmune diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of treatment with IVIG in established collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1j mice. Murine arthritis was induced in DBA/1j mice. Treatment with IVIG began when the disease was established. The clinical score was followed twice a week until day 48. The mice were bled for plasma and the paws were hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained. Cytokine profile in the plasma was analyzed by Luminex technology and titers of circulating anti-collagen antibodies in the plasma was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results show that treatment with IVIG in murine significantly reduced the clinical arthritis score (P < 0·001). Moreover, mode of action showed that IVIG significantly reduced circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, P < 0·001], inhibiting anti-collagen antibodies (P < 0·001) in the plasma of collagen-induced arthritis mice. Importantly, histopathological examination revealed that IVIG treatment prevented the migration of inflammatory immune cells into the cartilage and synovium, reduced the extent of joint damage and preserved joint architecture. Our results proved for the first time the valuable anti-inflammatory treatment of IVIG in experimental RA. We propose IVIG therapy for a subgroup of patients with rheumatologically related diseases.

Clinical and genetic characterization of patients with cystic fibrosis and functional assessment of the chloride channel with the pathogenic variant c.831G>A (p.Trp277*), described for the first time

The clinical pictures of the disease of two Russian patients with cystic fibrosis with a rare nonsense variant c.831G>A (p.Trp277*) are described. The first case is a patient with the genotype comprising variant c.54-5940_273+10250del21kb (CFTRdele2,3), and the genotype of the second case included variant c.1521_1523delCTT (F508del). Patient 1, whose genotype had two class I genetic variants, revealed severe violations of CFTR synthesis based on the intestinal current measurements (ICM) and results obtained in the intestinal organoids. In both cases of patients with genetic variant c.831G>A, a severe course of cystic fibrosis was observed.

Cognition in schizophrenia: Selective impairment and factors that influence it

Currently it is well known that schizophrenia is associated with cognitive impairment. Still there are many unresolved questions, such as whether cognitive deficit is total, what are the relationships of cognitive impairment with clinical features, demographic characteristics and different biomarkers, which could shed light on its pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to characterize cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and to find factors that may contribute to it. Sixty patients with paranoid schizophrenia were examined. BACS, Rey-Osterreith complex figure and correction task were used to assess cognitive functioning. Only 14.3% of patients had BACS score in the normal range. The vast majority of them showed impaired motor function, verbal and visual memory. Cognitive functioning did not worsen with time. Working memory impairment was influenced by genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and age of disease onset. Residual positive symptoms led to a decrease in the speed of skill development. Symptoms of anxiety and depression contributed to the impairment of accuracy. Hypomania was associated with impaired planning. Planning and problem-solving behavior did not correlate with other cognitive functions, which makes them isolated domains. Higher levels of NSE had been found in patients with more severe memory impairment. S100B level was associated with safer constructive abilities. In general, cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, although present in the majority of patients, varies a lot and appears selective and dependent on certain clinical features.

The study was supported by RSCF 14-50-00069 grant.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Effect of ageing and endodontic treatment on the thermal stability of human dentin

BACKGROUND

Human dentin is a highly calcified tissue of mesenchymal origin with a heterogeneous structure. Its morphology is constantly remodelled throughout the life span of the tooth, as well as under the influence of external stimuli.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the present study was to obtain information about the thermal changes in the crown and root dentin specimens of vital and devitalized teeth.

METHODS

The investigated samples were divided into 6 groups, depending on the patients' age and dentin location (crown, root). An additional group of endodontically treated teeth was created. The methods of choice were were combined thermal analysis (DTA-TG(DTG)-MS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

After heating up to 1200 °C, endo- and exothermal effects were observed. The effects' dynamic was the same for all samples. The differences were in the samples' weight after the experiment, with root dentin showing the greatest mass loss percentage.

CONCLUSIONS

The observed mass loss differences could be attributed to the presence of impurities in the dentin, as well as alterations in the collagen matrix. Ageing and endodontic treatment could catalyse the accumulation of such changes and affect the microstructure of the mineralized tissue.

Quantifying multiple sclerosis pathology in post mortem spinal cord using MRI

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory, demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The majority of people with MS present with symptoms due to spinal cord damage, and in more advanced MS a clinical syndrome resembling that of progressive myelopathy is not uncommon. Significant efforts have been undertaken to predict MS-related disability based on short-term observations, for example, the spinal cord cross-sectional area measured using MRI. The histo-pathological correlates of spinal cord MRI changes in MS are incompletely understood, however a surge of interest in tissue microstructure has recently led to new approaches to improve the precision with which MRI indices relate to underlying tissue features, such as myelin content, neurite density and orientation, among others. Quantitative MRI techniques including T₁ and T₂, magnetisation transfer (MT) and a number of diffusion-derived indices have all been successfully applied to post mortem MS spinal cord. Combining advanced quantification of histological features with quantitative - particularly diffusion-based - MRI techniques provide a new platform for high-quality MR/pathology data generation. To more accurately quantify grey matter pathology in the MS spinal cord, a key driver of physical disability in advanced MS, remains an important challenge of microstructural imaging.

Ketoprofen-loaded polymer carriers in bigel formulation: an approach to enhancing drug photostability in topical application forms

The purpose of the study was to investigate the stability and biopharmaceutical characteristics of ketoprofen, loaded in polymeric carriers, which were included into a bigel in a semisolid dosage form. The polymer carriers with in situ-included ketoprofen were obtained by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of the monomers in aqueous medium or a solution of the polymers used. The morphological characteristics of the carriers, the in vitro release and the photochemical stability of ketoprofen were evaluated. The model with optimal characteristics was included in a bigel formulation. The bigel was characterized in terms of pH, rheological behavior, spreadability, and in vitro drug release. Acute skin toxicity, antinociceptive activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antihyperalgesic effects of the prepared bigel with ketoprofen-loaded polymer carrier were evaluated. The carriers of ketoprofen were characterized by a high yield and drug loading. The particle size distribution varied widely according to the polymer used, and a sustained release was provided for up to 6 hours. The polymer mixture poly(vinyl acetate) and hydroxypropyl cellulose as a drug carrier, alone or included in the bigel composition, improved the photostability of the drug compared with unprotected ketoprofen. The bigel with ketoprofen-loaded particles provided sustained release of the drug and had optimal rheological parameters. In vivo experiments on the bigel showed no skin inflammation or irritation. Four hours after its application, a well-defined analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperalgesic effect was registered. The polymer mixture of poly(vinyl acetate) and hydroxypropyl cellulose as a carrier of ketoprofen and the bigel in which it was included provided an enhanced photostability and sustained drug release.

The structure of mental disorders in HIV-infected patients with syphilis

Introduction

There are no data in literature on mental disorders in HIV-infected patients with syphilis.

The objective of the study was to determine the structure of mental disorders in HIV-infected patients with syphilis.

Method

Sixty-five HIV-infected patients with syphilis were examined by a clinical method.

Results

The sample included 45 men (average age 32.09 ± 9.83) and 20 women (average age 31.7 ± 5.97). We divided the sample into three comparison groups (according to the importance of risk factors): women, men who have sex with men (MSM), and men who have sex with women (MSW).

Mental disorders were identified in most patients (83%). Opiate dependence (F11, ICD-10) was established in 55% of women (7.7% for MSW, 0% in MSM; P < 0.001). The dependence on multiple drug use (F19) was revealed with nearly the same frequency in women (25.0%) and in MSW (23.1%); but far less frequently in MSM (3.2%; P = 0.047). The dependence on stimulants (F15) was found in women (5.0%) and MSM (6.3%). The dependence on alcohol (F10) was more common among MSW (61.5%) and women (50.0%) (9.4% in MSM; P < 0.001). 20% of women had Depressive episode (F32). Adjustment disorders (F43) were found much more often in men (43.8% for MSM; 38.5% for MSW; 10% for women; P = 0.035). Personality disorders (F60) were found in all the groups.

Conclusions

We revealed a high incidence of addictions among women and MSW. Affective disorders were represented by depressive episode in women and adjustment disorders in men.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Analytical studies of the Alexandrovo Thracian tomb wall paintings

A profound study of samples obtained from Thracian tomb wall paintings at Alexandrovo, Bulgaria (dating back to the fourth century BC) were carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The current work provides a glimpse of the ingenious construction and painting techniques used in Thracian tomb at Alexandrovo. The results suggest that beeswax was used as a paint binder and also revealed presence of various nano-materials.

[Inguinal endometriosis: two case reports and literature review]

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease that is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. Ectopic endometrial tissue can be localized in all organs of the human body, but it affects most often organs in the pelvis. The localization in the inguinal canal is extremely rare - 0.3% -0.6% of all cases of endometriosis. We report two cases of inguinal endometriosis in patients with a history of previous surgery in the pelvis. Both patients is formation in the inguinal region of increasing volume, accompanied by severe pain especially in the premenstrual period. The diagnosis was based on an exact medical history and histological examination. The main methods of treatment of inguinal endometriosis is radical surgical excision of the lesion. We recommend hormone therapy as an adjunct to treatment.