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Mohammad N, Tak V, Bohra GK, Gadepalli R, Sharma A, Singh K, Nag VL. Molecular appraisal of Giardia intestinalis from Western India: A prospective observational study. Trop Parasitol 2024; 14:36-44. [PMID: 38444794 PMCID: PMC10911180 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_44_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Giardia intestinalis is an intestinal protozoan which commonly causes parasitic gastroenteritis globally. It is a species complex consisting of at least eight assemblages (genotypes). In India, Giardia is mostly underreported and missed in asymptomatic cases. Aim The aim of this study was to genotype the G. intestinalis isolates from stool samples of patients at a tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India, and to clinically correlate it. Methods This prospective pilot cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in a tertiary care center in western India. Patients who were microscopically positive for giardiasis were enrolled. DNA was extracted from their stool samples and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 4E1-HP as the target sequence. Anthropometric measurements and analysis were done for children by using Anthrocal application. Results A total of 50 patients were enrolled. Diarrhea was present in 18 patients (36%). Among these, 6 were immunocompromised and had different comorbidities. Among the children <12 years of age, 55.17% (n = 16/29) were stunted (<-2 S.D.), and among <5 years, 44.4% (n = 4/9) showed wasting (<-2 S.D.). A PCR product corresponding to assemblage B of G. intestinalis was amplified in 47 stool specimens. Only three stool samples were negative for both assemblages A and B and posed an interesting enigma. Conclusion In this study, a predominance of assemblage B of G. intestinalis was detected in 94% of the isolates. Furthermore, the possibility of zoonotic transmission could not be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Mohammad
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vibhor Tak
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Anuradha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Kalita JM, Sharma K, Mohammad N, Tak V, Mittal A, Nag VL. Refractory giardiasis in a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000476.v3. [PMID: 37223065 PMCID: PMC10202400 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000476.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis and one of the most common parasitic intestinal diseases in humans worldwide. It mainly manifests as a self-limited illness in the case of immunocompetent patients and usually does not require treatment. However, immunodeficiency is a risk factor for the onset of severe Giardia infection. In this report, a case of recurrent giardiasis refractory to nitroimidazole therapy is presented. A 7-year-old male patient with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome came to our hospital because of chronic diarrhoea. The patient was on long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Microscopic examination of stool showed a significant number of trophozoites and cysts of G. intestinalis. Treatment with metronidazole for longer duration than recommended has failed to clear the parasite in the present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitu Mani Kalita
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Pin-342005, India
| | - Kirtika Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Pin-342005, India
| | - Naila Mohammad
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Pin-342005, India
| | - Vibhor Tak
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Pin-342005, India
| | - Aliza Mittal
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Pin-342005, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Nag
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Pin-342005, India
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Shrimali T, Srivastava S, Mohammad N, John N, Tak V, Saxena R. Giardiasis in an Infant With Fibrosarcoma: A Case Report. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:82-85. [PMID: 37448372 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230713141153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Giardia lamblia is a neglected parasitic infection that typically affects the developing nations of the world. It is a microscopic intestinal parasite that is known to cause stomach cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of diarrhoea. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we are presenting the case of a 1.5 years-old-baby with an immunocompromised condition who got infected by Giardia lamblia. The baby with fibrosarcoma was receiving treatment in our tertiary care centre, and later developed abdominal and minor systemic complaints. Stool samples were collected, which showed trophozoites and cysts of Giardia. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Giardia lamblia infection in a paediatric patient with fibrosarcoma. The patient improved after taking metronidazole for ten days. CONCLUSION It is critical to keep a watch out for this neglected parasite, and suggested samples, particularly stool samples, must be sent for investigation in order to diagnose and manage these cases properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twishi Shrimali
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - Naila Mohammad
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - Nikhil John
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - Vibhor Tak
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - Rahul Saxena
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
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Mohammad N, Safiuddin M, Hasan MN. Relationship between Myocardial Performance Index and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Assessed with SYNTAX Score in Chronic Stable Angina Patients in Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:161-167. [PMID: 36594316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although improvement in the risk scoring, there are patients with chronic stable angina identified as low risk who experience CAD events, as well as, patients deemed high risk remained free of CAD events. Invasive coronary angiogram is the gold standard method for assessment of extent and severity of CAD. However, search for additional noninvasive tool that may aid in risk discrimination is going on. Myocardial performance index (MPI) is emerging as one of them. To assess the relationship between Myocardial Performance Index and severity of coronary artery disease assessed with SYNTAX Score in chronic stable angina. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of January, 2015 to December, 2015 among the patients of chronic stable angina undergoing elective coronary angiogram. Total 90 patients were enrolled by purposive sampling. All the data were recorded in structured questionnaire. Coronary angiogram with SYNTAX scoring was done during index hospital admission. Doppler study was done 1 day prior to CAG to measure MPI. The mean age was found 45.5±26.1 years varied from 36 to 68 years. Male female ratio was 1.9:1. A negative significant correlation (r= -0.792; p=0.001) was found between ejection fraction (EF) and myocardial performance index (MPI). Regarding the association between risk factors with MPI status, the mean MPI was found 0.65±0.10 in diabetes mellitus and 0.57±0.10 in without diabetes mellitus. Mean MPI was significantly higher in diabetes mellitus, others risk factors are not significantly associated with MPI status. Majority (38.9%) patient's SYNTAX score belonged to 0-22, 28(31.1%) was SYNTAX 23-32 score and 27(30.0%) was SYNTAX ≥33 score. The mean MPI was found 0.51±0.04 in low SYNTAX, 0.61±0.03 in intermediate SYNTAX and 0.74±0.07 in high SYNTAX score. The mean MPI was significantly (p<0.05) elevated with increased SYNTAX score. A positive significant correlation (r=0.985; p=0.001) was found between MPI with SYNTAX score. Higher value of SYNTAX score (>22) had a 2.29 times increase (95% CI 0.16 to 33.70%) in odds of having CAD. A subject with diabetes mellitus had 1.52 times increase (95%CI 2.02 to 21.54%) in odds having CAD. Others factors are not significantly associated with CAD in Multiple regression models. The MPI value is independently associated with the extent and severity of CAD. The MPI value measured by Doppler is a cheap, radiation free, available noninvasive method and may be considered as an additional risk stratification tool beyond other investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mohammad
- Dr Noor Mohammad, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Dinajpur Medical College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
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Ahmed HMA, Che Ab Aziz ZA, Azami NH, Farook MS, Khan AA, Mohd Noor NS, Ayoub AA, Imran ZA, Halim MS, Pai ARV, Kacharaju KR, Mohammad N, Nagendrababu V, Nabhan MS, Dummer PMH. Application of a new system for classifying root canal morphology in undergraduate teaching and clinical practice: a national survey in Malaysia. Int Endod J 2020; 53:871-879. [PMID: 32003029 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare the feedback of final year undergraduate dental students in eight Malaysian dental schools on the application of a new system for classifying root canal morphology in teaching and clinical practice. METHODS One PowerPoint presentation describing two classification systems for root canal morphology (Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology, 1974 38, 456 and its supplemental configurations, International Endodontic Journal 2017, 50, 761) was delivered to final year undergraduate dental students in eight dental schools in Malaysia by two presenters (each presented to four schools). To examine students' feedback on the utility of each system, printed questionnaires consisting of six questions (five multiple choice questions and one open-ended question) were distributed and collected after the lecture. The questionnaire was designed to compare the classification systems in terms of accuracy, practicability, understanding of root canal morphology and recommendation for use in pre-clinical and clinical courses. The exact test was used for statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at 0.05 (P = 0.05). RESULTS A total of 382 (out of 447) students participated giving a response rate of 86%. More than 90% of students reported that the new system was more accurate and more practical compared with the Vertucci system (P < 0.001). Overall, 97% of students reported the new system helped their understanding of root and canal morphology compared with the Vertucci classification (P < 0.001). Over 97% of students recommended the use of the new system in teaching, pre-clinical courses and clinical practice (P < 0.001). Except for two schools, no significant difference was detected between the responses of students for all questions at the different schools (P > 0.05). The students' responses for all questions were almost similar for both presenters (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The new system of International Endodontic Journal 2017, 50, 761 for classifying root and canal morphology was favoured by final year undergraduate dental students in Malaysia. The new system has the potential to be included in the undergraduate endodontic curriculum for teaching courses related to root and canal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M A Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z A Che Ab Aziz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N H Azami
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M S Farook
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Khan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N S Mohd Noor
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Ayoub
- Comprehensive Care Centre of Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z A Imran
- Endodontic Unit, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M S Halim
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - A R V Pai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka-Manipal Medical College (MMMC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Melaka, Malaysia
| | - K R Kacharaju
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Mohammad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - V Nagendrababu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M S Nabhan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - P M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Aboulnasr A, Abdelmoety G, Salem M, Elsharkawy M, Mohammad N. Relation between Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) and endometrial pathology in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Aboulnasr
- Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cairo, Ägypten
| | - G Abdelmoety
- Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cairo, Ägypten
| | - M Salem
- Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Department of Pathology, Cairo, Ägypten
| | - M Elsharkawy
- Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo, Ägypten
| | - N Mohammad
- Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cairo, Ägypten
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Mohammad N, Wan Ghazali W. Cavitary lung lesions: Melioidosis and pulmonary embolism causing necrotizing pneumonia. IDCases 2017; 10:4-6. [PMID: 28791214 PMCID: PMC5537435 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavitary lung lesions of various etiologies may be encountered in patients with respiratory symptoms associated with fever. Non-malignant cavitary lesions may mimic malignant lung lesions on most of radiographic modalities including chest radiographs or thoracic computed tomography (CT). Primary lung malignancy can be detected in as high as one-fifths of CT thorax as cavitary lesions and the remaining aetiologies may be due to bacterial, parasitic, and invasive fungal infections, as well as Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), sarcoidosis, septic thrombo-embolism, and lung metastasis from extra-pulmonary primaries. We report an interesting case of melioidosis infection complicated with pulmonary embolism, both of which can lead to cavitary lung lesions and subsequently cause a clinical conundrum.
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Agha Mohammad Hasani P, Mokhtaree M, Fatemeh M, Mohammad N. Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Serum Serotonin Level in Patients with Treatment–Resistant Major Depressive Disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on serum serotonin level of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsIn this experimental study, 36 patients (age: 20–65 years old) with MDD were allocated to ECT group (n = 21) and non-ECT group (n = 15). Serum serotonin level of the ECT group was measured before ECT, 15 minutes and two, six, and 24 hours after the first session, and 24 hours and 30 days after the last ECT session. Measurements were performed at the time of admission and one month after hospitalisation in the non-ECT group. Data analysed with t-tests, repeated measures analysis of variance by SPSS16.ResultsThe mean serotonin levels of the two groups were significantly different 24 hours and 30 days after the last session of ECT (P = 0.048 and P = 0.04, respectively). The difference of mean serotonin levels in the ECT group before & 15 min after ECT (P = 0.044) before & 6 hour after ECT (P = 0.015), before & 24 hour after ECT (P = 0.007), before & 24 hour after last ECT (0.002) was meaningful.ConclusionAltogether, our results showed that serum serotonin levels significantly increase following ECT in MDD patients.
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Singh SV, Ajay AK, Mohammad N, Malvi P, Chaube B, Meena AS, Bhat MK. Proteasomal inhibition sensitizes cervical cancer cells to mitomycin C-induced bystander effect: the role of tumor microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1934. [PMID: 26492368 PMCID: PMC4632313 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inaccessibility of drugs to poorly vascularized strata of tumor is one of the limiting factors in cancer therapy. With the advent of bystander effect (BE), it is possible to perpetuate the cellular damage from drug-exposed cells to the unexposed ones. However, the role of infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), an integral part of the tumor microenvironment, in further intensifying BE remains obscure. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of mitomycin C (MMC), a chemotherapeutic drug, to induce BE in cervical carcinoma. By using cervical cancer cells and differentiated macrophages, we demonstrate that MMC induces the expression of FasL via upregulation of PPARγ in both cell types (effector cells) in vitro, but it failed to induce bystander killing in cervical cancer cells. This effect was primarily owing to the proteasomal degradation of death receptors in the cervical cancer cells. Pre-treatment of cervical cancer cells with MG132, a proteasomal inhibitor, facilitates MMC-mediated bystander killing in co-culture and condition medium transfer experiments. In NOD/SCID mice bearing xenografted HeLa tumors administered with the combination of MMC and MG132, tumor progression was significantly reduced in comparison with those treated with either agent alone. FasL expression was increased in TAMs, and the enhanced level of Fas was observed in these tumor sections, thereby causing increased apoptosis. These findings suggest that restoration of death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway in tumor cells with concomitant activation of TAMs could effectively restrict tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - A K Ajay
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Mohammad
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - P Malvi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Chaube
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - A S Meena
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - M K Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
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Chilukuri S, Mohammad N, Deepanjali A, Subramaniam V, Gandhi A, Swamy T, Kathirvel M, Ghadyalpatil N, Sreekanth K. Two Prescription Dose Levels as Safe as 3-4 Prescription Dose Levels in IMRT for the Treatment of Neck Nodal Regions in Head and Neck Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Qaqa AY, Debari VA, El-Kersh K, Sison R, Isbitan A, Mohammad N, Slim J, Perez G, Shamoon FE. Epidemiologic aspects of abnormal ankle brachial index in the HIV infected population. INT ANGIOL 2012; 31:227-233. [PMID: 22634976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM HIV infection is strongly associated with accelerated vascular atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular events. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in HIV infected patients is not clearly defined and the results of different reports are contradicting. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of abnormal Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and associated risk factors in HIV infected population. METHODS The ABI was measured manually using 5.0 MHz handheld Doppler probe in 173 HIV infected patients. The cohort was categorized according to the ABI measurements as; normal group (ABI 0.9 to 1.3), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) group (ABI<0.9), and High ABI group (ABI>1.3). Several demographic, atherosclerosis risk factors and HIV infection parameters have been evaluated as potential risk factors. RESULTS Median age of the cohort was 49 years (inter-quartile ranges [IQR]: 42.5 to 54); 63.4% were males. Abnormal ABI was found in 47(27.2%) patients; twenty four (13.9%) had PAD and 23(13.3%) had high ABI. Among the risk factors evaluated, we observed that PAD group is associated with diabetes (Relative risk [RR]: 4.19; 95% confidence interval [CL]: 2.13 to 8.27; P=0.0002) and age above 49 (Relative risk [RR]: 3.96; 95% confidence interval [CL]: 1.56 to 10.0; P=0.002). However, the High ABI group was significantly associated with male gender (RR: 3.94; 95% CI: 1.23 to 12.70; P=0.009). CONCLUSION HIV infection is associated with increased prevalence of abnormal resting ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Qaqa
- Department of Cardiology, St Michaels Medical Center, Newark, NJ 07201, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Sefidkon
- a Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands , P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Dabiri
- b Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department , Tehran, Iran
| | - N. Mohammad
- b Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department , Tehran, Iran
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Qaqa AY, DeBari VA, Isbitan A, Mohammad N, Sison R, Slim J, Perez G, Shamoon FE. The role of postexercise measurements in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in HIV-infected patients. Angiology 2011; 62:10-4. [PMID: 21134993 DOI: 10.1177/0003319710385339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a marker of atherosclerosis, which is not well studied in the population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We prospectively enrolled HIV-infected patients who had normal resting ankle-brachial index (rABI) readings. All participants performed either a treadmill walking test (TT) or pedal plantar flexion test (PFT). Patients were divided into 2 groups according to postexercise changes; PAD and No-PAD group. The 2 groups were compared with regard to established cardiovascular disease risk factors and other HIV infection parameters. Peripheral arterial disease was present in 30 (26.5%) of 113 consecutive HIV-infected patients included in the study. Mean age was 47 ± 10 years. The risk factors studied did not differ significantly among the 2 groups except for male gender, which was significantly associated with PAD (RR: 4.15; CI: 1.6 to 11.1: P < .0008). The prevalence of PAD, diagnosed by significant drop in postexercise ABI and ankle pressure in patients with HIV is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Y Qaqa
- Department of Cardiology, St Michaels Medical Center, Seton Hall University, Newark, NJ, USA
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Malo MS, Alam SN, Mostafa G, Zeller SJ, Johnson PV, Mohammad N, Chen KT, Moss AK, Ramasamy S, Faruqui A, Hodin S, Malo PS, Ebrahimi F, Biswas B, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Warren HS, Kaplan JB, Kitts CL, Hohmann EL, Hodin RA. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase preserves the normal homeostasis of gut microbiota. Gut 2010; 59:1476-84. [PMID: 20947883 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.211706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health; however, the mechanisms governing the normal homeostatic number and composition of these microbes are largely unknown. Previously it was shown that intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), a small intestinal brush border enzyme, functions as a gut mucosal defence factor limiting the translocation of gut bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes. In this study the role of IAP in the preservation of the normal homeostasis of the gut microbiota was investigated. METHODS Bacterial culture was performed in aerobic and anaerobic conditions to quantify the number of bacteria in the stools of wild-type (WT) and IAP knockout (IAP-KO) C57BL/6 mice. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, phylogenetic analyses and quantitative real-time PCR of subphylum-specific bacterial 16S rRNA genes were used to determine the compositional profiles of microbiotas. Oral supplementation of calf IAP (cIAP) was used to determine its effects on the recovery of commensal gut microbiota after antibiotic treatment and also on the colonisation of pathogenic bacteria. RESULTS IAP-KO mice had dramatically fewer and also different types of aerobic and anaerobic microbes in their stools compared with WT mice. Oral supplementation of IAP favoured the growth of commensal bacteria, enhanced restoration of gut microbiota lost due to antibiotic treatment and inhibited the growth of a pathogenic bacterium (Salmonella typhimurium). CONCLUSIONS IAP is involved in the maintenance of normal gut microbial homeostasis and may have therapeutic potential against dysbiosis and pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Malo
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Shafiquzzaman M, Jahan MK, Rahman MM, Islam MT, Miah MA, Kamal M, Islam MM, Choudhury AM, Chowdhury SA, Mohammad N. Association between morphological changes of nail and nail arsenic level in patients with arsenicosis. Mymensingh Med J 2009; 18:27-30. [PMID: 19182745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This case-control type of analytical study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the association between morphological changes of nail and nail arsenic level in arsenicosis patients. Majority of arsenicosis patients were male (56.67%). The mean age of the cases was 43.07+/-13.73 years. Nail changes were found in 26.67% of cases, most were nail dystrophy (23.33%) and rest were Mee's line (3.34%). There was significant difference between cases with or without nail changes and nail arsenic level. But cases with or with out nail changes had a significant difference between duration of intake of arsenic contaminated water. There was no correlation between nail changes and nail arsenic level for nail dystrophy and Mee's line. The study result failed to establish association between the morphological changes of nail and nail arsenic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiquzzaman
- Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, and Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Abdullah BJJ, Mohammad N, Sangkar JV, Abd Aziz YF, Gan GG, Goh KY, Benedict I. Incidence of upper limb venous thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC). Br J Radiol 2005; 78:596-600. [PMID: 15961840 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/32639616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prospectively determine the incidence of venous thrombosis (VT) in the upper limbs in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC). We prospectively investigated the incidence of VT in the upper limbs of 26 patients who had PICC inserted. The inclusion criteria were all patients who had a PICC inserted, whilst the exclusion criterion was the inability to perform a venogram (allergies, previous contrast medium reaction and inability of gaining venous access). Both valved and non-valved catheters were evaluated. Prior to removal of the PICC, an upper limb venogram was performed. The number of segments involved with VT were determined. The duration of central venous catheterization was classified as; less than 6 days, between 6 days and 14 days and more than 14 days. VT was confirmed in 38.5% (10/26) of the patients. The majority 85.7% (12/14) were complete occlusive thrombi and the majority of VT only involved one segment. There was no statistical correlation between the site of insertion of the PICC and the location of VT. Neither was there any observed correlation between the occurrence of VT with the patient's history of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiac insufficiency, smoking or cancer. There was also no statistical correlation with the size of the catheter. In conclusion, PICCs are associated with a significant risk of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEVT).
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Affiliation(s)
- B J J Abdullah
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Graham K, Mohammad N, Rehman H, Nazari A, Ahmad M, Kamal M, Skovmand O, Guillet P, Allan R, Zaim M, Yates A, Lines J, Rowland M. Insecticide-treated plastic tarpaulins for control of malaria vectors in refugee camps. Med Vet Entomol 2002; 16:404-408. [PMID: 12510893 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spraying of canvas tents with residual pyrethroid insecticide is an established method of malaria vector control in tented refugee camps. In recent years, plastic sheeting (polythene tarpaulins) has replaced canvas as the utilitarian shelter material for displaced populations in complex emergencies. Advances in technology enable polythene sheeting to be impregnated with pyrethroid during manufacture. The efficacy of such material against mosquitoes when erected as shelters under typical refugee camp conditions is unknown. Tests were undertaken with free-flying mosquitoes on entomological study platforms in an Afghan refugee camp to compare the insecticidal efficacy of plastic tarpaulin sprayed with deltamethrin on its inner surface (target dose 30 mg/m2), tarpaulin impregnated with deltamethrin (initially > or = 30 mg/m2) during manufacture, and a tent made from the factory impregnated tarpaulin material. Preliminary tests done in the laboratory with Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) showed that 1-min exposure to factory-impregnated tarpaulins would give 100% mortality even after outdoor weathering in a temperate climate for 12 weeks. Outdoor platform tests with the erected materials (baited with human subjects) produced mosquito mortality rates between 86-100% for sprayed or factory-impregnated tarpaulins and tents (average approximately 40 anophelines and approximately 200 culicines/per platform/night), whereas control mortality (with untreated tarpaulin) was no more than 5%. Fewer than 20% of mosquitoes blood-fed on human subjects under either insecticide-treated or non-treated shelters. The tarpaulin shelter was a poor barrier to host-seeking mosquitoes and treatment with insecticide did not reduce the proportion blood-feeding. Even so, the deployment of insecticide-impregnated tarpaulins in refugee camps, if used by the majority of refugees, has the potential to control malaria by killing high proportions of mosquitoes and so reducing the average life expectancy of vectors (greatly reducing vectorial capacity), rather than by directly protecting refugees from mosquito bites. Mass coverage with deltamethrin-sprayed or impregnated tarpaulins or tents has strong potential for preventing malaria in displaced populations affected by conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Graham
- HealthNet International, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Talati J, Khan LA, Noordzij JW, Mohammad N, Memon A, Hotiana MZ. The scope and place of ultrasound-monitored extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in a multimodality setting and the effects of experiential, audit-evoked changes on the management of ureteric calculi. Br J Urol 1994; 73:480-6. [PMID: 8012767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1994.tb07630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the results from ultrasound-monitored extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for ureteric stones, to compare the results with other treatment modalities and to evaluate experiential audit-evoked gains. PATIENTS AND METHODS A review of the records of 109 patients with ureteric stones who were treated during 1990 (Group I) and 69 patients treated by ESWL during the first 10 months of 1991 (Group II), was carried out. All patients with a steinstrasse or fragments secondary to ESWL were excluded from the study. RESULTS Of the 109 patients in Group I, 63 were treated with ESWL, nine underwent ureteroscopic push-up of the stone and 11 underwent catheter push-up prior to ESWL, 28 underwent ureteroscopic extraction/fragmentation, five underwent post-ESWL ureteroscopy and 29 underwent open ureterolithotomy (nine after failed ureteroscopy). Ureteroscopy was successful in fragmentation/extraction of 19 of 28 (68%) stones and 95% of patients were stone-free at 3 months. All patients who underwent ureterolithotomy and 84% who underwent ESWL (and post-ESWL ancillary procedures) were stone-free at 3 months. All patients who underwent ureterolithotomy, 51% of those who underwent ureteroscopy and 56% of patients who underwent ESWL needed only one treatment. The mean stone burdens of patients in Groups I and II were comparable but more patients presented with larger stones (> 15 mm length, > 100 mm2 surface area) in Group II. The stone-free rates for ESWL monotherapy with ESWL increased from 84% in 1990 to 92% in 1991. A higher proportion of stones were treated in situ in 1991 and a stent was used less frequently in obstructed ureters. Post-ESWL procedures fell from 8% in 1990 to 6% in 1991 and the proportion of patients who required more than one treatment fell from 44% in 1990 to 14% in 1991. CONCLUSIONS The choice of treatment for patients with ureteric stones is critical but will vary depending on the individual's circumstances, the availability of equipment, costs and time required to perform the procedure. The results obtained using ESWL for ureteric stones improved considerably over the course of the study as a result of experience and refinement of the technique. Stones located in more difficult systems such as in kidneys with a thin cortex and those located above the ischial spine were no longer subjected to ESWL. Audit of the results obtained following treatment allows identification of problem areas, alerts physicians to alternative methods of treatment and gives an objective quantification of experience, assisting rational decision making with consequent improved success.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Talati
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Aga Khan University Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) dissociated from brain myelin membranes when they were incubated (37 degrees C; pH 7.4) at physiological ionic strength. Zinc ions inhibited, and calcium promoted, this process. Protease activity in the membrane preparations cleaved the dissociated MBP into both small (less than 4 kilodaltons) and large (greater than 8 kilodaltons) fragments. The latter were detected, together with intact MBP, by gel electrophoresis of incubation media. Zinc ions appeared to act in two distinct processes. In the presence or absence of added CaCl2, zinc ions in the range 0.1-1 mM inhibited MBP-membrane dissociation. This process was relatively insensitive to heat and Zn2+ could be substituted by either copper (II) or cobalt (II) ions. A second effect was evident only in the presence of added calcium ions, when lower concentrations of Zn2+ (less than 0.1 mM) inhibited MBP-membrane dissociation and the accumulation of intact MBP in incubation media. This process was heat sensitive and only copper (II), but not cobalt (II), ions could replace Zn2+. To determine whether endogenous zinc in myelin membranes is bound to MBP, preparations were solubilised in buffers containing Triton X-100/2 mM CaCl2 and subjected to gel filtration. Endogenous zinc, as indicated by a dithizone-binding method, eluted with fractions containing both MBP and proteolipid protein (PLP). Thus, one means whereby zinc stabilises association of MBP with brain myelin membranes may be by promoting its binding to PLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Earl
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, London, England
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Gould L, Venkataraman K, Mohammad N, Gomprecht RF. Prognosis of right bundle-branch block in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 1972; 219:502-3. [PMID: 5066643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Werner G, Hackel R, Mohammad N, Seiler N, Störr KH. [Oxidation of tropane alkaloids with potassium permanganate]. Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 1967; 708:210-7. [PMID: 5600989 DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19677080118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Werner G, Mohammad N. [Radioactive tagging of tropan-alkaloids. V. Synthetic incorporation of tritium in (-)-cocaine, (+)-pseudococaine and (-)-scopolamine]. Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 1966; 694:157-61. [PMID: 5963957 DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19666940120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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