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Tariq M, Badshah F, Khan NU, Zafar MI, De Los Ríos-Escalante PR, Ibáñez-Arancibia E, Mehnaz S, Mubashir M, Khan MS, Khan MS, Rafiq N, Shaheen N, Saeed S, Ben Said M. Assessment of Babesia spp. prevalence in various domestic animals across Southern Punjab, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e277636. [PMID: 38422286 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.277636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases, notably babesiosis, exert a substantial impact on the global cattle industry, posing challenges to commerce, economies, and human health. This study, conducted in Southern Punjab, Pakistan, aimed to assess the prevalence of Babesia spp. across various livestock species using microscopic and PCR methods. A total of 180 blood samples (60 from each district) were systematically collected from apparently healthy animals, with 36 samples obtained from each domestic animal species, including camel, cattle, buffalo, goat, and sheep, noting that 12 samples were collected from each district for each animal species. Overall prevalence was determined to be 32.8% (59/180), with varying rates among species: 25.0% in cattle, 41.66% in buffalo, 30.55% in goats, 33.3% in sheep, and 33.3% in camels. Microscopic examination revealed slightly varied infection rates among large and small domestic animals (22.2%), while PCR results indicated a 32.8% overall infection rate in both large and small domestic animals, with no statistical significance. District-wise analysis showed regional variations, with Muzaffargarh recording a prevalence rate of 23.33% through microscopic examination, while Lodhran and Bahawalpur recorded 21.67%. PCR results revealed higher rates (38.33%, 26.67%, and 33.33%, respectively), underlining the importance of employing PCR for accurate detection. Examining ruminant types, large ruminants exhibited a 32.4% infection rate, while small domestic animals showed 33.3%, with no significant difference (p=0.897). District-wise prevalence showcased significant variation, with Muzaffargarh demonstrating a 25% prevalence, Lodhran 22%, and Bahawalpur 22%, through microscopic examination. PCR results displayed 38.33%, 27%, and 33.3%, respectively, with no statistical significance. Detailed analysis of individual districts highlighted variations in infection rates among camels, cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep. The binomial test indicated significant differences through microscopic analysis (P=0.011) but non-significant variations through PCR (P=0.065), emphasizing the precision of PCR. Regional variations in prevalence, notably with Punjab exhibiting the highest frequency (33.87%) and KPK the lowest (13.24%), suggest potential influences from varying veterinary practices and environmental factors. This study underscores the pivotal role of PCR alongside microscopy for accurate babesiosis diagnosis. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of babesiosis prevalence, emphasizing the necessity of advanced molecular techniques for informed control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tariq
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - F Badshah
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - N U Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Collage of Veterinary Science, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - M I Zafar
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - P R De Los Ríos-Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Nucleo de Estudios Ambientales, Temuco, Chile
| | - E Ibáñez-Arancibia
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad de la Frontera, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad de la Frontera, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorio de Ingeniería, Biotecnología y Bioquímica Aplicada - LIBBA, Temuco, Chile
| | - S Mehnaz
- University of Agriculture, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Mubashir
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M S Khan
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M S Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - N Rafiq
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - N Shaheen
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Saeed
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Ben Said
- University of Manouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, Department of Basic Sciences, Manouba, Tunisia
- University of Manouba, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Laboratory of Microbiology, Manouba, Tunisia
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Al-Humaidi J, Iqbal J, Abdullah, Khan NU, Rasool S, Algahtani A, Tirth V, Rahman AU, Abdullaeva BS, Refat MS, Aslam M, Zaman A. First-Principles Insights into Structural, Optoelectronic, and Elastic Properties of Fluoro-Perovskites KXF 3 (X = Ru, Os). ACS Omega 2023; 8:33622-33628. [PMID: 37780456 PMCID: PMC10538960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The need for new and better semiconductor materials for use in renewable energy devices motivates us to study KRuF3 and KOsF3 fluoride materials. In the present work, we computationally studied these materials and elaborate their varied properties comprehensively with the assistance of density functional theory-based techniques. To find the structural stability of these under-consideration materials, we employed the Birch-Murnaghan fit, while their electronic characteristics were determined with the usage of modified potential of Becke-Johnson. During the study, it became evident from the band-structure results of the KRuF3 and KOsF3 materials that both present an indirect semiconductor nature having the band gap values of 2.1 and 1.7 eV, respectively. For both the studied materials, the three essential elastic constants were determined first, which were further used to evaluate all the mechanical parameters of the studied materials. From the calculated values of Pugh's ratio and Poisson's ratio for the KRuF3 and KOsF3 materials, both were verified to procure the nature of ductility. During the study, we concluded from the results of absorption coefficient and optical conduction in the UV energy range that both the studied materials proved their ability for utilization in the numerous future optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan
Y. Al-Humaidi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Physics, Gomal University, DI Khan KP 29220, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department
of Physics, Government Post Graduate College, Karak 27200, Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah Khan
- Department
of Physics, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Rasool
- Department
of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Algahtani
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Guraiger, P.O.
Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Guraiger, P.O.
Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Ur Rahman
- Department
of Physics, Riphah International University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Barno Sayfutdinovna Abdullaeva
- Professor,
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Vice-Rector for Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent 100027, Uzbekistan
| | - Moamen S. Refat
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Institute
of Physics and Technology, Ural
Federal University, Mira Str.19, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Abid Zaman
- Department
of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Khan NU, Iqbal J, Abdullah, Algahtani A, Al-Humaidi JY, Tirth V, Safeen K, Alsuhaibani AM, Al-Mughanam T, Refat MS, Zaman A. Detail computational study about the structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of RbVX 3 (Cl, Br, I) halide perovskite materials. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22958-22965. [PMID: 37520091 PMCID: PMC10377114 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03615d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-toxic nature of lead-free materials with cubic perovskite structure has attracted the researcher's attention, and huge work is ongoing for the search of such materials. Furthermore, due to demand for their utilization in diverse applications, such as photovoltaic and optoelectronics, these inorganic-halide materials have become more enchanting for engineers. In the present work, all the key properties, including structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical, of rubidium based RbVX3 (where X is chlorine, bromine, and iodine) materials were extensively studied via first-principle density functional theory (DFT). The study reveals the half-metallic nature of the currently studied materials. For the mechanical stability of RbVX3 compounds, all three independent elastic coefficients (Cij) were determined, from which it was concluded that these materials are mechanically stable. Moreover, from the Poison and Pugh's ratios, it was found that the RbVCl3 and RbVBr3 materials have ductile nature, while RbVI3 has brittle nature upon the applied stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimat Ullah Khan
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Bannu 28100 Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Gomal University DI Khan KP 29220 Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Physics, Government Post Graduate College Karak 27200 Pakistan
| | - Ali Algahtani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University Guraiger, P.O. Box 9004 Abha-61413 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan Y Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. BOX 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University Guraiger, P.O. Box 9004 Abha-61413 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Safeen
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200 Pakistan
| | - Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfiq Al-Mughanam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Zaman
- Department of Physics, Riphah International University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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Al-Humaidi JY, Ullah A, Khan NU, Iqbal J, Khan S, Algahtani A, Tirth V, Al-Mughanam T, Refat MS, Zaman A. First-principle insight into the structural, electronic, elastic and optical properties of Cs-based double perovskites Cs 2XCrCl 6 (X = K, Na). RSC Adv 2023; 13:20966-20974. [PMID: 37448644 PMCID: PMC10336646 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study communicates the theoretical investigations on the cubic double perovskite compounds Cs2XCrCl6 (X = K or Na). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out using the TB-mBJ approximation. These compounds were found to be stable in the cubic perovskite structure having lattice constants in the range of 10.58-10.20. The stability of the investigated materials was assessed by the Gold-Schmidt tolerance method, which resulted in the tolerance factor values of 0.891 and 0.951 for Cs2KCrCl6 and Cs2NaCrCl6, respectively. The calculated values of the elastic constants C11, C12, and C44 of the cubic compounds studied by our research team confirm the elastic stability. The values of the formation energies were also calculated for both the compounds and were found in the range from -2.1 to -2.3. The electronic behavior of the presently investigated materials was examined by inspecting their band structures and the density of states. It was observed that both the materials have half-metallic nature. To check the suitability of the studied compounds in optical applications, we determined the real and imaginary parts of their respective dielectric functions, absorption coefficients, optical conductivities, refractive index, and reflectivity as a function of a wide range of incident photon energies up to 40 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Y Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. BOX 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd Ullah
- Department of Physics, Government Post Graduate College Karak 27200 Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah Khan
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Bannu 28100 Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Gomal University DI Khan KP 29220 Pakistan
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department of Physics, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat 26000 Pakistan
| | - Ali Algahtani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Guraiger P.O. Box 9004 Abha-61413 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Guraiger P.O. Box 9004 Abha-61413 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfiq Al-Mughanam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University P. O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Zaman
- Department of Physics, Riphah International University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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Lubna, Hussain T, Shami A, Rafiq N, Khan S, Kabir M, Khan NU, Khattak I, Kamal M, Usman T. Antimicrobial Usage and Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Methicillin- and Tetracycline-Resistant Strains in Raw Milk of Lactating Dairy Cattle. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:673. [PMID: 37107035 PMCID: PMC10135139 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent cause of food-borne diseases worldwide. Enterotoxigenic strains of this bacteria are frequently found in raw milk, and some of these strains are resistant to antimicrobials, posing a risk to consumers. The main objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of S. aureus in raw milk and to detect the presence of mecA and tetK genes in it. A total of 150 milk samples were obtained aseptically from lactating cattle, including Holstein Friesian, Achai, and Jersey breeds, maintained at different dairy farms. The milk samples were checked for the presence of S. aureus, and it was detected in 55 (37%) of them. The presence of S. aureus was verified by culturing on selective media, gram staining, and performing coagulase and catalase tests. Further confirmation was performed through PCR with a species-specific thermonuclease (nuc) gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the confirmed S. aureus was then determined by using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Out of the 55 confirmed S. aureus isolates, 11 were determined to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). The highest resistance was found to penicillin (100%) and oxacillin (100%), followed by tetracycline (72.72%), amikacin (27.27%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (18.18%), tobramycin (18.18%), and gentamycin (9.09%). Amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin were found to be susceptible (100%). Out of 11 MDR S. aureus isolates, the methicillin resistance gene (mecA) was detected in 9 isolates, while the tetracycline resistance gene (tetK) was found in 7 isolates. The presence of these methicillin- and tetracycline-resistant strains in raw milk poses a major risk to public health, as they can cause food poisoning outbreaks that can spread rapidly through populations. Our study concludes that out of nine empirically used antibiotics, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were highly effective against S. aureus compared to penicillin, oxacillin, and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem Rafiq
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Shehryar Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thal University Bhakkar, University of Sargodha, (Ex-Sub Campus Bhakkar), Bhakkar 30000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khattak
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Khan NU, Abdullah, Khan UA, Tirth V, Al-Humaidi JY, Refat MS, Algahtani A, Zaman A. Investigation of structural, opto-electronic and thermoelectric properties of titanium based chloro-perovskites XTiCl 3 (X = Rb, Cs): a first-principles calculations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6199-6209. [PMID: 36825291 PMCID: PMC9941896 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskites are a significant class of materials with diverse uses in modern technology. The structural, electronic, elastic, thermoelectric, and optical properties of RbTiCl3 and CsTiCl3 perovskites were estimated using the FP-LAPW method within the framework of density functional theory. The exchange-correlation energy of both analyzed systems was calculated using the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) functional. The structures are optimized and lattice constants of 5.08 Å and 5.13 Å are found for XTiCl3 (X = Rb, Cs), respectively. The structural analysis reveals that they have cubic symmetry. Their half metallic nature was proved by their metallic nature in one spin channel and semiconducting nature in the opposing spin channel. Densities of states are calculated to predict the interaction of orbitals of distinct atoms in the compounds. From the results of optical response, it is found that these compounds show high optical absorption in the visible region of light. Moreover, thermoelectric properties of the studied materials are calculated as a function of chemical potential at different temperatures using the theory of semi-classical Boltzmann transport within BoltzTrap code. The thermoelectric response shows that the investigated compounds as p-type can be beneficial in overcoming the global warming issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimat Ullah Khan
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Bannu28100 Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Physics, Government Post Graduate College Karak27200 Pakistan
| | - Umar Ayaz Khan
- Department of Physics, Government Post Graduate College Karak 27200 Pakistan
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid UniversityAbha 61421AsirKingdom of Saudi Arabia,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid UniversityGuraiger, P. O. Box 9004Abha-61413AsirKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan Y. Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP. O. Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S. Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif UniversityP. O. Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Algahtani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid UniversityAbha 61421AsirKingdom of Saudi Arabia,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid UniversityGuraiger, P. O. Box 9004Abha-61413AsirKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Zaman
- Department of Physics, Riphah International University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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Abdullah, Khan UA, Khan S, Ahmed SJ, Khan NU, Ullah H, Naz S, Farhat LB, Amami M, Tirth V, Zaman A. Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Titanium Based Fluoro-Perovskites MTiF 3 (M = Rb and Cs) via Density Functional Theory Computation. ACS Omega 2022; 7:47662-47670. [PMID: 36591182 PMCID: PMC9798396 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the theoretical investigations on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of titanium-based fluoro-perovskites MTiF3 (M = Cs and Rb) using density functional theory. The impact of on-site Coulomb interactions is considered, and calculations are performed in generalized gradient approximation with the Hubbard U term (GGA + U). The ground state parameters, such as lattice constants, bulk modulus, and pressure derivatives of bulk modulus, were found. These compounds are found stable in cubic perovskite structures having lattice constants of 4.30 and 4.38 Å for RbTiF3 and CsTiF3, respectively. Analysis of elastic properties shows that both of the compounds are ductile in nature. According to the band structure profile, the examined compounds have a half-metallic character, exhibiting conducting behavior in the spin-up configuration and nonconducting behavior in the spin-down configuration. The ferromagnetic nature is conformed from the study of its magnetic moments. The optical behaviors such as reflectivity, absorption, refraction, and conductivity of the cubic phase of MTiF3 (M = Rb and Cs) are studied in the energy range of 0-40 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Department
of Physics, Government Post Graduate College
Karak, Karak27200Pakistan
| | - Umar Ayaz Khan
- Department
of Physics, Government Post Graduate College
Karak, Karak27200Pakistan
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department
of Physics, Kohat University of Science
and Technology Kohat, Kohat26000Pakistan
| | - Sara J. Ahmed
- Medical
Physics Department, Al-Mustaqbal University
College, Babil51001, Iraq
| | - Naimat Ullah Khan
- Department
of Physics, University of Science and Technology
Bannu, Bannu28100Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ullah
- Department
of Physics, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore05499, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Naz
- Department
of Physics, Government Post Graduate College
Karak, Karak27200Pakistan
| | - Lamia Ben Farhat
- Department
of Chemistry College of Sciences, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mongi Amami
- Department
of Chemistry College of Sciences, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha62217, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratoire
des matériaux et de l’environnement pour le développement
durable LR18ES10, 9 Avenue
Dr.Zoheir Safi, Tunis1006, Tunisia
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha61421, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Guraiger, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61413, Asir, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Zaman
- Department
of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad44000, Pakistan
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Khan NU, Adil M, Zaman M, Palwa AR, Tahir M, Nawaz MR. Pulmonary Embolism at High Altitude: Analysis of Risk Factors. PAFMJ 2022. [DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v72i4.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the risk factors for pulmonary embolism stationed at high altitudes with high altitude as one of the determinants.
Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Skardu Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: A total of 25 consecutive cases with pulmonary embolism reported to this hospital during the study period were enrolled. Medical records of all patients were retrospectively analyzed to determine the risk factors. In addition, patient demographic data, clinical features, and laboratory and radiological findings were recorded.
Results: Mean age of the patient was 30.68±5.37 years with a range from 23 to 40 years, the mean height of deployment was 17223.00±3577.00 feet, while the mean duration of stay was 53.92±44.76 days. Dyspnoea (84%) was the commonest clinical presentation followed by palpitation, chest pain, headache and haemoptysis. Most patients (88%) were non-smokers, while no patient had known significant risk factors. Thrombophilia and vascultitic screening were negative for all patients. In the absence of any significant hereditary or acquired risk factor, high altitude remains the only thrombogenic risk factor patients deployed at heights.
Conclusion: Stay at a high altitude is a major risk factor for pulmonary embolism in young patients without any other known risk factor.
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Khan NU, Usman T, Sarwar MS, Ali H, Gohar A, Asif M, Rabbani F, Khan RU, Sultana N, Khan NA, Mobashar M, Shah AA, Wanapat M. The prevalence, risk factors analysis and evaluation of two diagnostic techniques for the detection of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheic sheep from Pakistan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269859. [PMID: 35802622 PMCID: PMC9269430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cryptosporidium spp. is recognized as an opportunistic zoonotic parasite that infects humans as well as wild and domestic animals. This enteric protozoan is a major cause of diarrhea in humans and animals and often result in death due to severe dehydration. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence, identification of various risk factors and evaluation of sensitivity of the two diagnostic techniques for rapid and correct detection of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheic sheep in Pakistan.
Methods
A total of 360 fecal samples were collected and processed for detection of Cryptosporidium infection after proper preservation. These samples were properly stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid staining and then examined under simple microscope at 100x magnification for confirmation of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The same samples were again processed through simple PCR for confirmation of the Cryptosporidium spp.
Results
The age wise prevalence was detected through simple microscopy and PCR. We found highest prevalence at the age of ≤1 year followed by 1–2 years of age while the lowest prevalence was recorded at the age of ≥ 2–3 years of sheep and found significant difference between different ages (P<0.05). The sex wise prevalence showed the highest prevalence in male (♂) animals detected compared to female (♀). The overall prevalence was detected 27.08% and 18.80% through PCR and simple microscopy, respectively, and significant difference between two diagnostic techniques were observed (P<0.05). Considering the seasonality, the highest prevalence was recorded through simple microscopy in autumn, summer, and spring, while the lowest in winter. These results were confirmed through PCR.
Conclusion
It was concluded that molecular detection is the most efficient, specific and sensitive technique for detection of Cryptosporidium infection than simple microscopy. Moreover sheep is the major potential source of infection to other wild and domestic animals including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimat Ullah Khan
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mian Saeed Sarwar
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Ali
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ali Gohar
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Institute of Continuing Education and Extension, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Rabbani
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mobashar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Assar Ali Shah
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AAS); (MW)
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AAS); (MW)
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Hou L, Liu Q, Nebhen J, Uddin M, Ullah M, Khan NU. Analyzing the Check-In Behavior of Visitors through Machine Learning Model by Mining Social Network's Big Data. Comput Math Methods Med 2021; 2021:6323357. [PMID: 34887940 PMCID: PMC8651366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6323357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current article paper is aimed at assessing and comparing the seasonal check-in behavior of individuals in Shanghai, China, using location-based social network (LBSN) data and a variety of spatiotemporal analytic techniques. The article demonstrates the uses of location-based social network's data by analyzing the trends in check-ins throughout a three-year term for health purpose. We obtained the geolocation data from Sina Weibo, one of the biggest renowned Chinese microblogs (Weibo). The composed data is converted to geographic information system (GIS) type and assessed using temporal statistical analysis and spatial statistical analysis using kernel density estimation (KDE) assessment. We have applied various algorithms and trained machine learning models and finally satisfied with sequential model results because the accuracy we got was leading amongst others. The location cataloguing is accomplished via the use of facts about the characteristics of physical places. The findings demonstrate that visitors' spatial operations are more intense than residents' spatial operations, notably in downtown. However, locals also visited outlying regions, and tourists' temporal behaviors vary significantly while citizens' movements exhibit a more steady stable behavior. These findings may be used in destination management, metro planning, and the creation of digital cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- School of Information Engineering and Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Microsystems of Anhui Province, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
- Huangshan Ruixing Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., Huangshan 245461, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Information Engineering and Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Microsystems of Anhui Province, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jamel Nebhen
- Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mueen Uddin
- School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Negara, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Mujahid Ullah
- Department of Computer Science, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah Khan
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Shah SIA, Tipu MY, Aslam A, Khan AU, Shafee M, Khan SA, Khan NU, Akbar A. Elucidating antiviral activity of Curcuma longa against H9 N2 influenza virus using embryonated chicken egg model. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:353-359. [PMID: 34508343 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a potent antimicrobial herb used traditionally as a spice in culinary. This study was designed to evaluate the antiviral effects of curcuma longa extract against H9 influenza virus. A total of 60 embryonated eggs were equally divided into 5 groups with 12 eggs in each group. Group 1 (G1) served as uninfected negative control. Whereas Group 2 (G2) was kept as positive control infected with known virus @ 0.2 ml with 10-9.3 EID50. Group 3 (G3) was offered Curcuma longa @ 0.2 mg/0.2 ml and H9N2 virus (@ 0.2 ml with 10-9.3 EID50. Similarly, Group 4 (G4) was inoculated with extract of Curcuma longa @ 0.2 mg/0.2 ml per egg, whereas Group 5 (G5) was given Ribazole @ 0.2 ml/ egg. The crude extract and virus were administered on the 15th day of incubation and were checked after every 24 hours up to 96th hour post inoculation by random selection of 3 eggs. Death and survival rate were noted in all groups. Gross and histopathological lesions were also observed. Results revealed that Curcuma longa extract had significantly (p<0.05) reduced the mortality rate of embryos infected with H9N2 virus. In G3, increased lymphocytes and mild fatty changes were seen in liver. Whereas, mature RBCs, plasma cells and some lymphoblast's were observed in Spleen. Similarly, the bursa follicles were with lymphocytic aggregation. The G4 (Curcuma longa) and G5 (Ribazole) were with maximum embryo survival after 48 and 72 h post inoculation. This study revealed potential antiviral activity of Curcuma longa against H9N2 influenza viruses and can be opted as alternative to antibiotics and antiviral drugs to minimize the antimicrobial resistance in human and animal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I A Shah
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Y Tipu
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Aslam
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A U Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Shafee
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology & Biotechnology (CASVAB) University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - S A Khan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology & Biotechnology (CASVAB) University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - N U Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300 Balochistan, Pakistan
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Khan NU, Saleem MH, Durrani AZ, Ahmad N, Shafee M, Hassan A, Khan MA, Rashid N. Prevalence and Chemotherapy of Cryptosporidiosis in Goats using Different Herbal and Allopathic Drugs in Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20171007121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rasheed A, Usman T, Niaz S, Khattak I, Gul S, Ali N, Khan NU, Ali H, Sarwar MS. A Review on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS COV-2). PAK J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20210107160135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan NU. First study of equine cryptosporidiosis in asymptomatic traction horses in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. PAB 2020. [DOI: 10.19045/bspab.2020.90044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Khan IU, Bokhari SG, Khan MA, Haq I, Khan NU. Surgical Rectification of Atresia Ani et Recti and Patent Urachus in a Male Cattle Calf. PAK J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20180424050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Khan NU. Prevalence and risk factors analysis associated with anaplasmosis in symptomatic cattle under field conditions in southern Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. PAB 2019. [DOI: 10.19045/bspab.2019.80156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Ullah H, Khan RU, Mobashar M, Ahmad S, Sajid A, Khan NU, Usman T, Khattak I, Khan H. Effect of yeast-based selenium on blood progesterone, metabolites and milk yield in Achai dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1683475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ullah
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mobashar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shakoor Ahmad
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sajid
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khattak
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Ali M, Avais M, Ijaz M, Chaudhary M, Hussain R, Aqib AI, Khan NU, Sohail ML, Khan M, Khan MA, Ahmad M, Hasni MS, Qaiser I, Rashid G, Haq I, Khan I. Epidemiology of Subclinical Mastitis in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Two Distinct Agro-Ecological Zones of Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.2.527.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan MA, Durrani AZ, Khan SB, Khan NU, Khan MA, Prince K, Ali M, Rashid G, Khan AU. Biomarkers for Pathogenic Clostridium perfringens in Small Ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2020.52.1.107.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Aqib AI, Nighat S, Ahmed R, Sana S, Jamal MA, Kulyar MFEA, Khan NU, Sarwar MS, Hussain MA, Asadullah A, Rahman A, Rahman SU. Drug Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Mastitic Milk of Goats and Risk Factors Associated with Goat Mastitis in Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.1.307.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rashid G, Avais M, Ahmad SS, Mushtaq MH, Ahmed R, Ali M, Haque MNU, Ahmad M, Khan MA, Khan NU. Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrate Contents of Plants: A Prospective Aspect of Nitrate Poisoning in Dairy Animals. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.1.249.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan MA, Durrani AZ, Khan SB, Bokhari SG, Haq I, Khan IU, Ullah N, Khan NU, Hussain K, Khan AU. Development and Evaluation of Clostridium perfringens Type D Toxoid Vaccines. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.5.1857.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan NU, Saleem MH, Durrani AZ, Ahmad N, Hassan A, Prince MK, Sohail ML, Sarwar MS, Ali H, Usman T, Khan A, Khan SU, Zaman S. Prevalence and Risk Factors Analysis for Cryptosporidium in Apparently Healthy Lambs of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.3.863.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ali M, Avais M, Hussain R, Prince K, Ijaz M, Chaudhry M, Firyal S, Aqib AI, Khan NU, Sarwar MS, Ali H, Farooqi SH, Haq I, Hasni MS. Epidemiology and in vitro Drug Susceptibility of mecA Positive MDR S. aureus from Camel Subclinical Mastitis. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2.603.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ullah N, Durrani AZ, Avais M, Ahmad N, Ullah S, Ullah S, Ali Khan M, Ikram-ul-Haq, Khan NU. A first report on prevalence of caprine theileriosis and its association with host biomarkers in Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ullah A, Khattak US, Ayaz S, Qureshi MS, Khan I, Jan IU, Khattak I, Taj R, Nigar S, Khan NU, Khan MA, Sohail ML. Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB): Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Large Ruminants in the Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.1.127.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan MA, Durrani AZ, Khan SB, Khan MA, Sheikh AA, Khan NU, Prince K, Ullah N, Khan AU. Association between bacterial strain type and host biomarkers in Clostridium perfringens infected goats. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:254-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Prince K, Khan MS, Ijaz M, Anjum AA, Prince A, Khan NU, Khan MA. Effect of Prepartum Vitamin E and Selenium on Antibody Transfer in Colostrum and Cattle Calves. PAK J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.6.2057.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan NU, Saleem MH, Durrani AZ, Ahmad N, Hassan A, Ayaz S, Umar S, Sohail ML, Shafee M, Khan I, Khan MA, Khan AU, Malik NU, Razzaq A. Cryptosporidium: An Emerging Zoonosis in Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.4.1455.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan NU. Sero-epidemiological study of ecto- and endo- parasites and their hematological effects in small ruminants reared under pastoral system in district Bannu, Pakistan. PAB 2015. [DOI: 10.19045/bspab.2015.41008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Khan NU, Shakeel N, Makda A, Mallick AS, Ali Memon M, Hashmi SH, Khan UR, Razzak JA. Anaphylaxis: incidence, presentation, causes and outcome in patients in a tertiary-care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. QJM 2013; 106:1095-101. [PMID: 24082151 PMCID: PMC3840329 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hct179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal condition requiring immediate resuscitation. Data regarding the epidemiology of anaphylaxis are limited and inconsistent. A reason for the variability was unavailability of a universally acceptable case definition till 2005. We reviewed cases using this new definition AIM To review the incidence, clinical presentation, cause and outcome of anaphylaxis at a tertiary-care centre in a low-income country. DESIGN Retrospective, case series METHODS Chart review of all patients discharged from Aga Khan University Hospital between January 1988 and December 2012 (24 years) with anaphylaxis definition as per second National Institute of Allergy and Infection disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network Symposium RESULTS Total of 129 cases were found with mean age of 41.6 years (SD 18.8). Majority of patients had cutaneous features (76.7%), followed by respiratory (68.9%), cardiac (64.3%) and gastrointestinal (20.9%) symptoms, respectively. About 22.4% of patients had positive history for allergens out of which 31% (n = 9) were exposed to the same allergens. The common causes identified for anaphylaxis were drugs (60.5%), food (16.3%) and intravenous contrast (10.9%), respectively. Only 22.5% of cases received epinephrine as a part of their initial management. In four patients (3.1%) the cause of death was attributed to anaphylaxis. CONCLUSION Anaphylaxis is a rare but life-threatening condition. Though cutaneous features are most common, their absence does not exclude the diagnosis. Drugs were the most common cause and epinephrine was not commonly used as first-line agent for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N U Khan
- MD, Diplomate American Board of Internal Medicine, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, P.O. Box # 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi - 74800, Pakistan.
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Khan AA, Khan NU, Bile KM, Awan H. Creating synergies for health systems strengthening through partnerships in Pakistan--a case study of the national eye health programme. East Mediterr Health J 2010; 16 Suppl:S61-S68. [PMID: 21495590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Blindness and visual impairment are major causes of noncomrnunicable diseases in Pakistan. Two national population-based blindness surveys conducted in 1988 and 2002-04 demonstrated a reduction in prevalence of blindness from 1.78% to 0.9% with a significant drop in cataract blindness as a result of accelerated nationwide interventions and eye care integration in primary health care. In addition, between 2006 and 2008, 88 facilities were upgraded as a result of the national eye health programme. These measures resulted in a 279% increase in eye outpatient attendances and a 375% increase in eye surgeries performed. Investment in human resources development and policy change contributed significantly to the sustainability of the programme. Key challenges facing the programme include aligning national eye health strategies with health system strengthening informed through health systems research. This paper attempts to document this extraordinary success.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Khan
- National Programme for Prevention and Control of Blindness, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Azam S, Hadi N, Khan NU, Hadi SM. Prooxidant property of green tea polyphenols epicatechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate: implications for anticancer properties. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 18:555-61. [PMID: 15251172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2003.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2003] [Accepted: 12/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that anticancer and apoptosis inducing properties of green tea are mediated by it's polyphenolic constituents particularly catechins. A number of reports have shown that green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is among the most effective chemopreventive and apoptosis-inducing agents present in the beverage. Plant polyphenols are naturally occurring antioxidants but they also exhibit prooxidant properties. Over the last several years we have shown that various classes of plant polyphenols including flavonoids, curcuminoids and tannins are capable of catalyzing oxidative DNA cleavage particularly in the presence of transition metal ions such as copper and iron. With a view to understand the chemical basis of various pharmacological properties of green tea, in this paper we have compared the prooxidant properties of green tea polyphenols--EGCG and EC ((-)-epicatechin). The rate of oxidative DNA degradation as well as hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion formation was found to be greater in the case of EGCG as compared with EC. It was also shown that copper mediated oxidation of EC and EGCG possibly leads to the formation of polymerized polyphenols. Further, it was indicated that copper oxidized catechins were more efficient prooxidants as compared with their unoxidized forms. These results correlate with the observation by others that EGCG is the most effective apoptosis inducing polyphenol present in green tea. They are also in support of our hypothesis that prooxidant action of plant polyphenols may be an important mechanism of their anticancer properties. A model for binding of Cu(II) to EC has been presented where the formation of quinone and a quinone methide has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Azam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
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Uddin Q, Malik A, Azam S, Hadi N, Azmi AS, Parveen N, Khan NU, Hadi SM. The biflavonoid, amentoflavone degrades DNA in the presence of copper ions. Toxicol In Vitro 2004; 18:435-40. [PMID: 15130600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports from this laboratory have shown that flavonoids including apigenin are capable of inducing oxidative DNA cleavage in the presence of copper ions. In the present report, we have examined the ability of amentoflavone, a biflavonoid which is a dimer of apigenin, to catalyze the degradation of DNA. Amentoflavone was found to degrade calf thymus DNA in the presence of Cu(II) at a rate almost twice that of apigenin. Amentoflavone was also shown to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I) and to generate hydroxyl radicals in the presence of copper ions. In the presence of Cu(II), the absorption spectrum of amentoflavone undergoes a shift and a quenching effect indicating that the biflavonoid is capable of binding to copper ions. Amentoflavone and apigenin were isolated from Cycas rumphii and Trifolium alexandrinum, respectively. The results are discussed in relation to the putative chemopreventive mechanism of amentoflavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Product Research Lab, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
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Abstract
It has been proposed that considerable DNA damage may be caused by endogenous metabolites produced during the body's normal metabolic processes. 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) is an important neurotransmitter in brain and spinal cord. We have previously shown that serotonin induces oxidative cleavage of DNA strands in the presence of copper ions. In the present paper we have examined the mechanism of copper binding by serotonin using absorption spectroscopy, Cu(II)-mediated lipid peroxidation and by determining the oxidation of the serotonin molecule. Addition of increasing concentrations of Cu(II) to serotonin leads to a progressive enhancement in the absorption band and is accompanied by a shift towards a lower wavelength indicative of the formation of an oxidised species of serotonin. Studies with the structurally related molecules tryptophan and melatonin showed that only serotonin is able to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I). Similarly, only serotonin was found to be able to abolish the copper-mediated peroxidation of mitochondria. These results suggested the involvement of the phenolic group in copper binding. Further, it was also shown that the binding of copper to serotonin leads to the formation of a quinone in the absence of molecular oxygen. Based on these results, a model has been proposed in which serotonin reduces two molar equivalents of Cu(II) to Cu(I) through a reaction involving two electron oxidation of the phenolic ring to a quinone methide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.) 202 002, India
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Parveen N, Khan NU, Singhal KC. Potential antifilarial activity of the leaves and seeds extracts of Psoralea corylifolia on cattle filarial parasite Setaria cervi. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 82:23-28. [PMID: 12169401 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the leaves and seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of Setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro was studied. Alcohol extracts of both leaves and seeds caused the inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of S. cervi, characterised by initial, short lasting small increase in tone of contractions followed by paralysis. The initial stimulatory effect was not observed by alcohol extract of leaves on nerve muscle preparation. The concentrations required to inhibit the movements of whole worm and nerve muscle preparations for alcohol extracts of leaves and seeds were 160, 30, and 150, 20 microg/ml, respectively suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. Alcohol extracts of both leaves and seeds caused death of microfilariae in vitro, LC(50) and LC(90) being 15 and 25 ng/ml for alcohol extract of leaves and 12 and 18 ng/ml for alcohol extract of seeds, respectively.
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Zamvar V, Deglurkar I, Abdullah F, Khan NU. Bleeding from the lung surface: a unique complication of off-pump CABG operation. Heart Surg Forum 2001; 4:172-3. [PMID: 11544619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2000] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A patient, with post myocardial infarction (MI) thrombolysis, underwent emergency off-pump coronary artery bypass graft. Her post-operative course was complicated by excessive bleeding. At re-exploration, the bleeding was caused by a graze on the lung surface by the needle used during the insertion of the deep pericardial retraction suture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zamvar
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
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Abstract
Capsaicin is the pungent phenolic principle of the Capsicum species, and has shown a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic effects. Other studies have, however, shown it to be a tumor promoter and potential mutagen, and a carcinogen, resulting in capsaicin being termed a 'double edged sword'. In the present study, we show that capsaicin is capable of causing strand scission in calf thymus and plasmid DNA in the presence of Cu(II) and that this breakage is mediated by reactive oxygen species, especially the hydroxyl radical. Our results further show that capsaicin can directly generate hydroxyl radicals in the presence of Cu(II). To explore the chemical basis of the DNA breakage reaction by capsaicin, we have compared these properties of capsaicin with its saturated structural analog dihydrocapsaicin (DHC). The rate of DNA degradation, as well as hydroxyl radical formation, was found to be greater in the case of capsaicin. Both capsaicin and DHC are able to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I), which was shown to be an essential intermediate in the DNA cleavage reaction. Stoichiometric analysis indicated that whereas 1 mol of capsaicin reduced 3 mol of Cu(II), 1 mol of DHC reduced only 2 mol of Cu(II). This explains the greater activity of capsaicin and also leads to a model for copper binding to the capsaicins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh 202002, Aligarh, India
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Asad SF, Singh S, Ahmad A, Khan NU, Hadi SM. Prooxidant and antioxidant activities of bilirubin and its metabolic precursor biliverdin: a structure-activity study. Chem Biol Interact 2001; 137:59-74. [PMID: 11518564 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(01)00209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin, which is derived from its metabolic precursor biliverdin, is the end product of heme catabolism. It has been proposed as a physiological antioxidant present in human extracellular fluids. We have earlier shown that bilirubin in the presence of the transition metal ion Cu(II) causes strand cleavage in DNA through generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly the hydroxyl radical. Thus bilirubin possesses both antioxidant and prooxidant properties. In order to understand the chemical basis of various biological properties of bilirubin, we have studied the structure-activity relationship between bilirubin and its precursor biliverdin. The latter has also been reported to possess both antioxidant and toxic properties. In the present studies bilirubin was found to be more effective in the DNA cleavage reaction and a more efficient reducer of Cu(II). The rate of formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals by the compounds also showed a similar pattern. The relative antioxidant activity was also examined by studying the effect of these compounds on DNA cleavage by a hydroxyl radical generating system and their quenching effect on hydroxyl radicals. The results indicate that bilirubin is more active both as an antioxidant as well as an oxidative DNA cleaving agent. A model for binding of copper to bilirubin has been proposed where two copper ions are bound to two molecules of bilirubin through their terminal pyrrole nitrogens. In order to account for the enhanced copper reducing capacity of bilirubin we have further proposed that an additional copper binding site is provided for in the case of bilirubin due to the absence of a double bond between pyrrole rings II and III. Further it would appear that the structural features of the bilirubin molecule which are important for its prooxidant action are also the ones that render it a more effective antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Asad
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, India
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Singh R, Singhal KC, Khan NU. Exploration of antifilarial potential and possible mechanism of action of the root extracts of Saxifraga stracheyion on cattle filarial parasite Setaria cervi. Phytother Res 2000; 14:63-6. [PMID: 10641054 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(200002)14:1<63::aid-ptr567>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the roots of Saxifraga stracheyi Engl. On the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of Setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro was studied. Both extracts caused the inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve-muscle preparation of S. cervi, characterized by an increase in the amplitude and a decrease in the rate of contractions, while the tone of the contractions remained visibly unaffected. The concentration required to inhibit the movements of the whole worm preparation was 140 microg/ml for the aqueous and 250 microg/ml for the alcohol extract. The concentration of S. stracheyi extracts required to produce an equivalent effect on the nerve-muscle preparation was 30 microg/ml for aqueous, and 20 microg/ml for the alcohol extract, suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim Unversity, Aligarh - 202002, India
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Abstract
DNA strand scission reactions of flavonoids in the presence of Cu(II) have been extended by using flavonoids with a variety of patterns of hydroxyl substitution. In particular we have examined for the first time a flavonoid (7,8-dihydroxyflavone) that lacks the possibility of forming a complex involving the oxygen at position 4. By comparing the reactivities of several flavonoids, including data from the literature, we draw generalizations for the correlation of structure and activity and present evidence for at least three different modes of action of flavonoids as genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 002 (UP), India
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Ahsan H, Parveen N, Khan NU, Hadi SM. Pro-oxidant, anti-oxidant and cleavage activities on DNA of curcumin and its derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Chem Biol Interact 1999; 121:161-75. [PMID: 10418962 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(99)00096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a naturally occurring phytochemical responsible for the colour of turmeric shows a wide range of pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. We have earlier shown that curcumin in the presence of Cu(II) causes strand cleavage in DNA through generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly the hydroxyl radical. Thus, curcumin shows both antioxidant as well as pro-oxidant effects. In order to understand the chemical basis of various biological properties of curcumin, we have studied the structure-activity relationship between curcumin and its two naturally occurring derivatives namely demethoxycurcumin (dmC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (bdmC). Curcumin was found to be the most effective in the DNA cleavage reaction and a reducer of Cu(II) followed by dmC and bdmC. The rate of formation of hydroxyl radicals by the three curcuminoids also showed a similar pattern. The relative antioxidant activity was examined by studying the effect of these curcuminoids on cleavage of plasmid DNA by Fe(II)-EDTA system (hydroxyl radicals) and the generation of singlet oxygen by riboflavin. The results indicate that curcumin is considerably more active both as an antioxidant as well as an oxidative DNA cleaving agent. The DNA cleavage activity is the consequence of binding of Cu(II) to various sites on the curcumin molecule. Based on the present results, we propose three binding sites for Cu(II). Two of the sites are provided by the phenolic and methoxy groups on the two benzene rings and the third site is due to the presence of 1,3-diketone system between the rings. Furthermore, both the antioxidant as well as pro-oxidant effects of curcuminoids are determined by the same structural moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, India
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Singh R, Singhal KC, Khan NU. Antifilarial activity of Mallotus philippensis Lam. on Setaria cervie (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in vitro. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 41:397-403. [PMID: 10235663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves of Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. was studied on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and nerve-muscle (n.m.) preparation of Setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro. Both the extracts caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of whole worm and the n.m. preparation of S. Cervi characterized by initial stimulation followed by depression in amplitude. The tone and rate of contractions remained visibly unaffected. Aqueous extract at higher concentration showed immediate reduction in tone. The concentration required to inhibit the movements of n.m. preparation was 1/5th for aqueous and 1/11th for alcoholic extract compared to that for the whole worm, suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. The stimulatory response of acetylcholine was blocked by aqueous extract on whole worm movements. On the microfilariae the LC50 and LC90 were 18 and 20 ng/ml for aqueous and 12 and 15 ng/ml for alcoholic extracts respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh
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Singh R, Khan NU, Singhal KC. Potential antifilarial activity of roots of Asparagus adscendens Roxb, against Setaria cervi in vitro. Indian J Exp Biol 1997; 35:168-72. [PMID: 9315227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the roots of A. adscendens was studied on the spontaneous movements of whole worm and nerve muscle (n.m.) preparation of S. cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro. Aqueous as well alcoholic extracts caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of whole worm and n.m. preparation of S. cervi characterized by initial, short lasting small increase in amplitude and tone of contractions followed by paralysis. The initial stimulatory effect was not observed by aqueous extract on n.m. preparation. The concentration required to inhibit the movements of n.m. preparation was 1/4th for aqueous and 1/3rd for alcoholic extract suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. The effect of acetylcholine on n.m. preparation was concentration related being more with a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml as compared to 1 microgram/ml. Both alcoholic as well as aqueous extracts caused death of microfilariae in vitro, LC50 and LC90 being 8 and 16 ng/ml for aqueous, 3 and 12 ng/ml for alcoholic extracts respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, J N Medical College, Aligarh, India
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Singh R, Khan NU, Singhall KC. In vitro antifilarial activity of Sencio nudicaulis Buch. Ham. Effect on Setaria cervi (Nematoda Filarioidea). Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1996; 40:231-6. [PMID: 8950138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect on aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves of Sencio nudicaulis Buch. Ham. was studied on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and nerve-muscle preparation of Setaria cervi and on the survival of micro-filariae in vitro. Aqueous as well as alcoholic extracts caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of the whole worm and nerve-muscle preparation of S. cervi characterized by decreased amplitude, rate and tone of contractions. The concentration required to inhibit the movements of n.m. preparation was 1/3rd for aqueous and 1/20th for alcoholic extract suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. The effect of S nudicaulis extracts was different than that produced by calcium channel blocker nifedipine on the whole worm and n.m. preparation. While nifedipine blocks the stimulant effect of Ach the extracts of S. nudicaulis fails to do so. While the response bears similarity with DEC which also does not block Ach response. Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts exhibited microfilaricidal action in vitro LC50 and LC90 being 10 and 15 ng/ml for aqueous extract, 5 and 12 ng/ml for alcoholic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University
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Abstract
Nine cases of frontonasal dysplasia were seen during an 8-year period. Seven were managed in the authors' institution, and the two adult relatives were referred to adult units. The age and sex distribution, the types of defects, and the family pedigree of an affected family are described. Management criteria were formulated according to the severity and other associated abnormalities.
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Brett F, Mowat A, Farquharson MA, McGill M, Hind C, Richmond J, Murray D, Khan NU, Foulis AK. The distribution of immunoreactive interferon-gamma-containing cells in normal human tissues. Immunol Suppl 1992; 77:515-9. [PMID: 1493923 PMCID: PMC1421654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An immunohistochemical technique has been used to study the distribution of lymphocytes expressing interferon-gamma in normal adult tissues. The greatest concentrations of these cells were seen in mucosal sites exposed to a resident microflora. It is proposed that such organisms, by eliciting immune responses, provide the stimulus for the production of 'physiological' interferon-gamma. This in turn may act to preserve the 'tone' or readiness of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brett
- Department of Pathology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, U.K
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50
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Khan NU, Gibson A, Foulis AK. The distribution of immunoreactive interferon-alpha in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal human foetal and infant tissues. Immunology 1990; 71:230-5. [PMID: 2228023 PMCID: PMC1384309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human foetal and infant tissues were studied to test the hypothesis that microbes have a role in switching on interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) synthesis. Foetal tissues were essentially 'germ free', while the infants had been exposed to a normal microbial environment in life. IFN-alpha was first seen at 9 weeks gestation in macrophages in the liver and thereafter was seen in macrophages in most other organs. When infant lungs were compared with foetal lungs, a statistically significant increase in the number of macrophages and the percentage of these cells expressing IFN-alpha was noted in the infant lungs. No such change was observed in spleen, liver and thymus following birth. These findings suggest that there is a basal production of IFN-alpha by macrophages that is not dependent on microbial products, but that such products can enhance synthesis of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N U Khan
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K
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