1
|
Wang L, Moonen JR, Cao A, Isobe S, Li CG, Tojais NF, Taylor S, Marciano DP, Chen PI, Gu M, Li D, Harper RL, El-Bizri N, Kim Y, Stankunas K, Rabinovitch M. Dysregulated Smooth Muscle Cell BMPR2-ARRB2 Axis Causes Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2023; 132:545-564. [PMID: 36744494 PMCID: PMC10008520 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) are associated with familial and sporadic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The functional and molecular link between loss of BMPR2 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and PAH pathogenesis warrants further investigation, as most investigations focus on BMPR2 in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Our goal was to determine whether and how decreased BMPR2 is related to the abnormal phenotype of PASMC in PAH. METHODS SMC-specific Bmpr2-/- mice (BKOSMC) were created and compared to controls in room air, after 3 weeks of hypoxia as a second hit, and following 4 weeks of normoxic recovery. Echocardiography, right ventricular systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy were assessed as indices of pulmonary hypertension. Proliferation, contractility, gene and protein expression of PASMC from BKOSMC mice, human PASMC with BMPR2 reduced by small interference RNA, and PASMC from PAH patients with a BMPR2 mutation were compared to controls, to investigate the phenotype and underlying mechanism. RESULTS BKOSMC mice showed reduced hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction and persistent pulmonary hypertension following recovery from hypoxia, associated with sustained muscularization of distal pulmonary arteries. PASMC from mutant compared to control mice displayed reduced contractility at baseline and in response to angiotensin II, increased proliferation and apoptosis resistance. Human PASMC with reduced BMPR2 by small interference RNA, and PASMC from PAH patients with a BMPR2 mutation showed a similar phenotype related to upregulation of pERK1/2 (phosphorylated extracellular signal related kinase 1/2)-pP38-pSMAD2/3 mediating elevation in ARRB2 (β-arrestin2), pAKT (phosphorylated protein kinase B) inactivation of GSK3-beta, CTNNB1 (β-catenin) nuclear translocation and reduction in RHOA (Ras homolog family member A) and RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1). Decreasing ARRB2 in PASMC with reduced BMPR2 restored normal signaling, reversed impaired contractility and attenuated heightened proliferation and in mice with inducible loss of BMPR2 in SMC, decreasing ARRB2 prevented persistent pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Agents that neutralize the elevated ARRB2 resulting from loss of BMPR2 in PASMC could prevent or reverse the aberrant hypocontractile and hyperproliferative phenotype of these cells in PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Wang
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan Renier Moonen
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aiqin Cao
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarasa Isobe
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caiyun G Li
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nancy F Tojais
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shalina Taylor
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David P Marciano
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pin-I Chen
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Harper
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nesrine El-Bizri
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - YuMee Kim
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Departments of Pathology and of Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tojais NF, Cao A, Lai YJ, Wang L, Chen PI, Alcazar MAA, de Jesus Perez VA, Hopper RK, Rhodes CJ, Bill MA, Sakai LY, Rabinovitch M. Codependence of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 and Transforming Growth Factor-β in Elastic Fiber Assembly and Its Perturbation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1559-1569. [PMID: 28619995 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined in patients with pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertension (PAH) whether in addition to increased production of elastase by PA smooth muscle cells previously reported, PA elastic fibers are susceptible to degradation because of their abnormal assembly. APPROACH AND RESULTS Fibrillin-1 and elastin are the major components of elastic fibers, and fibrillin-1 binds bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and the large latent complex of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1). Thus, we considered whether BMPs like TGFβ1 contribute to elastic fiber assembly and whether this process is perturbed in PAH particularly when the BMP receptor, BMPR2, is mutant. We also assessed whether in mice with Bmpr2/1a compound heterozygosity, elastic fibers are susceptible to degradation. In PA smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts, TGFβ1 increased elastin mRNA, but the elevation in elastin protein was dependent on BMPR2; TGFβ1 and BMP4, via BMPR2, increased extracellular accumulation of fibrillin-1. Both BMP4- and TGFβ1-stimulated elastic fiber assembly was impaired in idiopathic (I) PAH-PA adventitial fibroblast versus control cells, particularly those with hereditary (H) PAH and a BMPR2 mutation. This was related to profound reductions in elastin and fibrillin-1 mRNA. Elastin protein was increased in IPAH PA adventitial fibroblast by TGFβ1 but only minimally so in BMPR2 mutant cells. Fibrillin-1 protein increased only modestly in IPAH or HPAH PA adventitial fibroblasts stimulated with BMP4 or TGFβ1. In Bmpr2/1a heterozygote mice, reduced PA fibrillin-1 was associated with elastic fiber susceptibility to degradation and more severe pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Disrupting BMPR2 impairs TGFβ1- and BMP4-mediated elastic fiber assembly and is of pathophysiologic significance in PAH.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4/pharmacology
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/deficiency
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/deficiency
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Elastic Tissue/metabolism
- Elastic Tissue/pathology
- Elastic Tissue/physiopathology
- Elastin/genetics
- Elastin/metabolism
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/genetics
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/metabolism
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/pathology
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension/physiopathology
- Fibrillin-1/genetics
- Fibrillin-1/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phenotype
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- RNA Interference
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Vascular Remodeling
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy F Tojais
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Aiqin Cao
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Ying-Ju Lai
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Lingli Wang
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Pin-I Chen
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcazar
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Vinicio A de Jesus Perez
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Rachel K Hopper
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Matthew A Bill
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Lynn Y Sakai
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.)
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- From the Department of Pediatrics (N.F.T., A.C., Y.-J.L., L.W., P.I.C., M.A.A.A., R.K.H., C.J.R., M.R.) and Department of Medicine (V.A.d.J.P., M.A.B.), the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (L.Y.S.).
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen PI, Cao A, Miyagawa K, Tojais NF, Hennigs JK, Li CG, Sweeney NM, Inglis AS, Wang L, Li D, Ye M, Feldman BJ, Rabinovitch M. Amphetamines promote mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage in pulmonary hypertension. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90427. [PMID: 28138562 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) or methamphetamine (METH) abuse can cause oxidative damage and is a risk factor for diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) from AMPH-associated-PAH patients show DNA damage as judged by γH2AX foci and DNA comet tails. We therefore hypothesized that AMPH induces DNA damage and vascular pathology by interfering with normal adaptation to an environmental perturbation causing oxidative stress. Consistent with this, we found that AMPH alone does not cause DNA damage in normoxic PAECs, but greatly amplifies DNA damage in hypoxic PAECs. The mechanism involves AMPH activation of protein phosphatase 2A, which potentiates inhibition of Akt. This increases sirtuin 1, causing deacetylation and degradation of HIF1α, thereby impairing its transcriptional activity, resulting in a reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and impaired cytochrome c oxidase 4 isoform switch. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is inappropriately enhanced and, as a result of impaired electron transport and mitochondrial ROS increase, caspase-3 is activated and DNA damage is induced. In mice given binge doses of METH followed by hypoxia, HIF1α is suppressed and pulmonary artery DNA damage foci are associated with worse pulmonary vascular remodeling. Thus, chronic AMPH/METH can induce DNA damage associated with vascular disease by subverting the adaptive responses to oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hopper RK, Moonen JRAJ, Diebold I, Cao A, Rhodes CJ, Tojais NF, Hennigs JK, Gu M, Wang L, Rabinovitch M. In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Reduced BMPR2 Promotes Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via HMGA1 and Its Target Slug. Circulation 2016; 133:1783-94. [PMID: 27045138 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.020617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported high-throughput RNA sequencing analyses that identified heightened expression of the chromatin architectural factor High Mobility Group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) from patients who had idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in comparison with controls. Because HMGA1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer, we hypothesized that increased HMGA1 could induce transition of PAECs to a smooth muscle (SM)-like mesenchymal phenotype (endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition), explaining both dysregulation of PAEC function and possible cellular contribution to the occlusive remodeling that characterizes advanced idiopathic PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS We documented increased HMGA1 in PAECs cultured from idiopathic PAH versus donor control lungs. Confocal microscopy of lung explants localized the increase in HMGA1 consistently to pulmonary arterial endothelium, and identified many cells double-positive for HMGA1 and SM22α in occlusive and plexogenic lesions. Because decreased expression and function of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) is observed in PAH, we reduced BMPR2 by small interfering RNA in control PAECs and documented an increase in HMGA1 protein. Consistent with transition of PAECs by HMGA1, we detected reduced platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31) and increased endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, αSM actin, SM22α, calponin, phospho-vimentin, and Slug. The transition was associated with spindle SM-like morphology, and the increase in αSM actin was largely reversed by joint knockdown of BMPR2 and HMGA1 or Slug. Pulmonary endothelial cells from mice with endothelial cell-specific loss of Bmpr2 showed similar gene and protein changes. CONCLUSIONS Increased HMGA1 in PAECs resulting from dysfunctional BMPR2 signaling can transition endothelium to SM-like cells associated with PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Hopper
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.)
| | - Jan-Renier A J Moonen
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.)
| | - Isabel Diebold
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.)
| | - Aiqin Cao
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.)
| | - Nancy F Tojais
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.)
| | - Jan K Hennigs
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.)
| | - Mingxia Gu
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.)
| | - Lingli Wang
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.)
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- From Department of Pediatrics, the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.K.H., J.-R.A.J.M., A.C., C.J.R., N.F.T., J.K.H., M.G., L.W., M.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R.K.H.); Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.-R.A.J.M.).
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rhodes CJ, Im H, Cao A, Hennigs JK, Wang L, Sa S, Chen PI, Nickel NP, Miyagawa K, Hopper RK, Tojais NF, Li CG, Gu M, Spiekerkoetter E, Xian Z, Chen R, Zhao M, Kaschwich M, Del Rosario PA, Bernstein D, Zamanian RT, Wu JC, Snyder MP, Rabinovitch M. RNA Sequencing Analysis Detection of a Novel Pathway of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:356-66. [PMID: 26030479 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1528oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysregulation, but global changes in gene expression have not been related to perturbations in function. OBJECTIVES RNA sequencing was used to discriminate changes in transcriptomes of endothelial cells cultured from lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension versus control subjects and to assess the functional significance of major differentially expressed transcripts. METHODS The endothelial transcriptomes from the lungs of seven control subjects and six patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were related to bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) signaling. Those down-regulated were assessed for function in cultured cells and in a transgenic mouse. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Fold differences in 10 genes were significant (P < 0.05), four increased and six decreased in patients versus control subjects. No patient was mutant for BMPR2. However, knockdown of BMPR2 by siRNA in control pulmonary arterial endothelial cells recapitulated 6 of 10 patient-related gene changes, including decreased collagen IV (COL4A1, COL4A2) and ephrinA1 (EFNA1). Reduction of BMPR2-regulated transcripts was related to decreased β-catenin. Reducing COL4A1, COL4A2, and EFNA1 by siRNA inhibited pulmonary endothelial adhesion, migration, and tube formation. In mice null for the EFNA1 receptor, EphA2, versus control animals, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor blockade and hypoxia caused more severe pulmonary hypertension, judged by elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and loss of small arteries. CONCLUSIONS The novel relationship between BMPR2 dysfunction and reduced expression of endothelial COL4 and EFNA1 may underlie vulnerability to injury in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rhodes
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Hogune Im
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Genetics, and
| | - Aiqin Cao
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Jan K Hennigs
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Lingli Wang
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Silin Sa
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Pin-I Chen
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Nils P Nickel
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Rachel K Hopper
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Nancy F Tojais
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Caiyun G Li
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mingxia Gu
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Zhaoying Xian
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Rui Chen
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Genetics, and
| | - Mingming Zhao
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mark Kaschwich
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Patricia A Del Rosario
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Roham T Zamanian
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Jesus Perez VA, Yuan K, Orcholski ME, Sawada H, Zhao M, Li CG, Tojais NF, Nickel N, Rajagopalan V, Spiekerkoetter E, Wang L, Dutta R, Bernstein D, Rabinovitch M. Loss of adenomatous poliposis coli-α3 integrin interaction promotes endothelial apoptosis in mice and humans. Circ Res 2012; 111:1551-64. [PMID: 23011394 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.267849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by progressive elevation in pulmonary pressure and loss of small pulmonary arteries. As bone morphogenetic proteins promote pulmonary angiogenesis by recruiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, we proposed that β-catenin activation could reduce loss and induce regeneration of small pulmonary arteries (PAs) and attenuate PH. OBJECTIVE This study aims to establish the role of β-catenin in protecting the pulmonary endothelium and stimulating compensatory angiogenesis after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS To assess the impact of β-catenin activation on chronic hypoxia-induced PH, we used the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc(Min/+)) mouse, where reduced APC causes constitutive β-catenin elevation. Surprisingly, hypoxic Apc(Min/+) mice displayed greater PH and small PA loss compared with control C57Bl6J littermates. PA endothelial cells isolated from Apc(Min/+) demonstrated reduced survival and angiogenic responses along with a profound reduction in adhesion to laminin. The mechanism involved failure of APC to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of the α3 integrin, to stabilize focal adhesions and activate integrin-linked kinase-1 and phospho Akt. We found that PA endothelial cells from lungs of patients with idiopathic PH have reduced APC expression, decreased adhesion to laminin, and impaired vascular tube formation. These defects were corrected in the cultured cells by transfection of APC. CONCLUSIONS We show that APC is integral to PA endothelial cells adhesion and survival and is reduced in PA endothelial cells from PH patient lungs. The data suggest that decreased APC may be a cause of increased risk or severity of PH in genetically susceptible individuals.
Collapse
|