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Watanabe Y, Kimura I, Hashimoto R, Sakamoto A, Yasuhara N, Yamamoto T, Sato K, Takayama K. Virological characterization of the 2022 outbreak-causing monkeypox virus using human keratinocytes and colon organoids. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28827. [PMID: 37278443 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak-causing monkeypox virus of 2022 (2022 MPXV) is classified as a clade IIb strain and phylogenetically distinct from prior endemic MPXV strains (clades I or IIa), suggesting that its virological properties may also differ. Here, we used human keratinocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived colon organoids to examine the efficiency of viral growth in these cells and the MPXV infection-mediated host responses. MPXV replication was much more productive in keratinocytes than in colon organoids. We observed that MPXV infections, regardless of strain, caused cellular dysfunction and mitochondrial damage in keratinocytes. Notably, a significant increase in the expression of hypoxia-related genes was observed specifically in 2022 MPXV-infected keratinocytes. Our comparison of virological features between 2022 MPXV and prior endemic MPXV strains revealed signaling pathways potentially involved with the cellular damages caused by MPXV infections and highlights host vulnerabilities that could be utilized as protective therapeutic strategies against human mpox in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izumi Kimura
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Hashimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Yasuhara
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Hashimoto R, Tamura T, Watanabe Y, Sakamoto A, Yasuhara N, Ito H, Nakano M, Fuse H, Ohta A, Noda T, Matsumura Y, Nagao M, Yamamoto T, Fukuhara T, Takayama K. Evaluation of Broad Anti-Coronavirus Activity of Autophagy-Related Compounds Using Human Airway Organoids. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2276-2287. [PMID: 36946991 PMCID: PMC10041349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
To deal with the broad spectrum of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that threaten human health, it is essential to not only drugs develop that target viral proteins but also consider drugs that target host proteins/cellular processes to protect them from being hijacked for viral infection and replication. To this end, it has been reported that autophagy is deeply involved in coronavirus infection. In this study, we used airway organoids to screen a chemical library of autophagic modulators to identify compounds that could potentially be used to fight against infections by a broad range of coronaviruses. Among the 80 autophagy-related compounds tested, cycloheximide and thapsigargin reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection efficiency in a dose-dependent manner. Cycloheximide treatment reduced the infection efficiency of not only six SARS-CoV-2 variants but also human coronavirus (HCoV)-229E and HCoV-OC43. Cycloheximide treatment also reversed viral infection-induced innate immune responses. However, even low-dose (1 μM) cycloheximide treatment altered the expression profile of ribosomal RNAs; thus, side effects such as inhibition of protein synthesis in host cells must be considered. These results suggest that cycloheximide has broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity in vitro and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hashimoto
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawaharacho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yukio Watanabe
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawaharacho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakamoto
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawaharacho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoko Yasuhara
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawaharacho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hayato Ito
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Laboratory
of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory
of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Fuse
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawaharacho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawaharacho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Laboratory
of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory
of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawaharacho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Medical-risk
Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN
Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Institute
for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
- Laboratory
of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for
Medical Research and Development
(AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawaharacho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for
Medical Research and Development
(AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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Fukatsu S, Jo M, Ishida K, Yasuhara N, Kawamoto K. Evidence for amplified interband spontaneous emission in Si-based trans-column quantum dots. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2003.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Terashima J, Yasuhara N, Iwami M, Sakurai S, Sakurai S. Programmed cell death triggered by insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, in the anterior silk gland of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Dev Genes Evol 2000; 210:545-58. [PMID: 11180805 DOI: 10.1007/s004270000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2000] [Accepted: 07/19/2000] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Silk gland is a larval specific tissue of lepidopteran insects and begins to degenerate shortly before pupation. Programmed cell death (PCD) of the anterior silk gland of Bombyx mori last instar larvae was studied in vivo and in vitro, focusing on the effects of 20- hydroxyecdysone (20E). The glands began to exhibit signs of PCD in vivo 2 days after gut purge and completed PCD by 48 h. In vitro, 20E prematurely induced PCD, and its completion took 144 h (6 days). An oligo-nucleosomal ladder pattern was observed in DNA extracted at the end of PCD. Caspase 3 inhibitor inhibited attainment of full PCD, but it did not block chromatin condensation as revealed by acridine orange staining. alpha-Amanitin inhibited the PCD induced by 20E in vitro if added to the culture in the first 8 h. Similarly, cycloheximide and emetine completely blocked PCD when applied in the first 18 h of culture with 20E. These results indicate that 20E-stimulated transcription and protein synthesis for PCD are completed in 8 h and 18 h, respectively. Nevertheless, withdrawal of 20E from the medium at different times showed that 20E must be present in vitro for 42 h to elicit full PCD. Current results indicate that the effects of 20E on the progression of PCD are mediated by two distinct processes - one through nuclear hormone receptors, and the other independent from de novo gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Terashima
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Abstract
Bcl-2 is the best characterized inhibitor of apoptosis, although the molecular basis of this action is not fully understood. Using a protein interaction cloning procedure, we identified a human gene designated as bis (mapped to chromosome 10q25) that encoded a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein. Bis protein showed no significant homology with Bcl-2 family proteins and had no prominent functional motif. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that Bis interacted with Bcl-2 in vivo. DNA transfection experiments indicated that Bis itself exerted only weak anti-apoptotic activity, but was synergistic with Bcl-2 in preventing Bax-induced and Fas-mediated apoptosis. These results suggest that Bis is a novel modulator of cellular anti-apoptotic activity that functions through its interaction with Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Iwahashi H, Eguchi Y, Yasuhara N, Hanafusa T, Matsuzawa Y, Tsujimoto Y. Synergistic anti-apoptotic activity between Bcl-2 and SMN implicated in spinal muscular atrophy. Nature 1997; 390:413-7. [PMID: 9389483 DOI: 10.1038/37144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. It is a common fatal autosomal recessive disorder and linkage studies have identified two candidate genes, SMN and NAIP, both on chromosome 5q13. Although NAIP protein is known to have an anti-apoptotic function, the function of SMN has been unclear and it shows no significant sequence similarity to any other protein. The SMN gene is deleted or interrupted on both chromosomes in nearly all SMA patients. Here we show that SMN interacts with Bcl-2, another anti-apoptotic protein, and that co-expression of SMN with Bcl-2 confers a synergistic preventive effect against Bax-induced or Fas-mediated apoptosis, although SMN itself has only a weak anti-apoptotic activity. SMN(Y272C), which carries a missense mutation and was found in an SMA patient who exceptionally retained SMN on one allele, exerts no synergism with Bcl-2. Furthermore, the product of a truncated transcript lacking exon 7, which was derived from an SMN gene carrying an intragenic mutation or from the SMN copy gene cBCD541 retained in all SMA patients, had no synergistic activity but instead had a dominant-negative effect on full-length SMN. Our results indicate that an absent or decreased anti-apoptotic activity of SMN in concert with Bcl-2 underlies the pathogenesis of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iwahashi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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Kagaya S, Kitanaka C, Noguchi K, Mochizuki T, Sugiyama A, Asai A, Yasuhara N, Eguchi Y, Tsujimoto Y, Kuchino Y. A functional role for death proteases in s-Myc- and c-Myc-mediated apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:6736-45. [PMID: 9343438 PMCID: PMC232528 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.11.6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon activation, cell surface death receptors, Fas/APO-1/CD95 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR-1), are attached to cytosolic adaptor proteins, which in turn recruit caspase-8 (MACH/FLICE/Mch5) to activate the interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE)/CED-3 family protease (caspase) cascade. However, it remains unknown whether these apoptotic proteases are generally involved in apoptosis triggered by other stimuli such as Myc and p53. In this study, we provide lines of evidence that a death protease cascade consisting of caspases and serine proteases plays an essential role in Myc-mediated apoptosis. When Rat-1 fibroblasts stably expressing either s-Myc or c-Myc were induced to undergo apoptosis by serum deprivation, a caspase-3 (CPP32)-like protease activity that cleaves a specific peptide substrate, Ac-DEVD-MCA, appeared in the cell lysates. Induction of s-Myc- and c-Myc-mediated apoptotic cell death was effectively prevented by caspase inhibitors such as Z-Asp-CH2-DCB and Ac-DEVD-CHO. Furthermore, exposing the cells to a serine protease inhibitor, 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), also significantly inhibited s-Myc- and c-Myc-mediated apoptosis and the appearance of the caspase-3-like protease activity in vivo. However, AEBSF did not directly inhibit caspase-3-like protease activity in the apoptotic cell lysates in vitro. Together, these results indicate that caspase-3-like proteases play a critical role in both s-Myc- and c-Myc-mediated apoptosis and that caspase-3-like proteases function downstream of the AEBSF-sensitive step in the signaling pathway of Myc-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kagaya
- Biophysics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Yasuhara N, Sahara S, Kamada S, Eguchi Y, Tsujimoto Y. Evidence against a functional site for Bcl-2 downstream of caspase cascade in preventing apoptosis. Oncogene 1997; 15:1921-8. [PMID: 9365238 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is driven by ICE family proteases (caspases) and negatively regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins. Although it has been shown that Bcl-2 exerts anti-apoptotic activity by blocking a step(s) leading to the activation of caspases, a role for Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL downstream of the caspase cascade has remained unclear. Here, we show that purified active caspase-3 (CPP32/Yama/apopain) and caspase-1 (ICE) induces apoptosis when microinjected into the cytoplasm of cells, confirming our recent observations, and that the apoptosis is not at all prevented by Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, which are overexpressed more than sufficiently to prevent Fas-mediated and overexpressed procaspase-1-mediated apoptosis. Thus, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL do not act downstream of the caspase cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yasuhara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis is defined by chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Because apoptotic signals are transmitted through a common pathway that includes the target steps of death-driving ICE-family proteases and anti-cell death protein Bcl-2 in the cytoplasm, the signals must be transferred from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, at least to induce the apoptotic manifestation of the nucleus. Small signal molecules might diffuse across nuclear pores, but larger molecules are transported by active mechanisms requiring ATP and GTP hydrolysis. It is not known whether apoptotic signals are transmitted into the nucleus by the mechanisms of active nuclear transport. RESULTS To test the possibility that active nuclear transport is involved in apoptotic signal transmission, we have analysed the effects of molecules that inhibit active nuclear transport on apoptosis. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), excess amounts of p10 protein, Ran-GTPgammaS complex, and anti-PTAC58 antibody, which all inhibit active nuclear transport when exogenously microinjected, prevent Fas-induced apoptotic nuclear manifestation. WGA also prevents apoptotic nuclear change promoted by microinjected active CPP32beta/Yama protease (an ICE family member), which plays an essential role in most apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here strongly suggest that active nuclear transport is essential for apoptotic signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yasuhara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Centre, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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Ozaki S, Mimura H, Yasuhara N, Masui M, Yamagata Y, Tomita K, Collins TJ. Synthesis of chiral square planar cobalt(III) complexes and catalytic asymmetric epoxidations with these complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1039/p29900000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Iwata H, Hanamura H, Kaneko M, Yasuhara N, Terashima Y, Kajino G, Ida K, Mabuchi Y, Nakagawa M. Chemosterilized autolyzed antigen-extracted allogeneic (AAA) bone matrix gelatin for repair of defects from excision of benign bone tumors: a preliminary report. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1981:150-5. [PMID: 7471549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In a series of 33 bone graft operations, antigen-extracted, autolyzed, allogeneic (AAA) bone matrix gelatin was substituted for autologous bone. The period of follow-up was 2.0 to 3.5 years. AAA bone gelatin was resorbed more rapidly than whole bone. AAA bone gelatin was replaced by new bone in the same intervals of time as observed with autologous bone. In treatment of bone tumors with AA bone gelatin, the results of the operation depend upon the nature of the pathologic processes in the host bed. In normal host bed, tight contact between implant and recipient bone is essential for success. The overall results of a preliminary study of 33 cases of 91% successful.
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Iwata H, Yasuhara N, Kawashima K, Kaneko M, Sugiura Y, Nakagawa M. Arthrodesis of the ankle joint with rheumatoid arthritis: experience with the transfibular approach. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1980:189-93. [PMID: 7449214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There are man methods of ankle joint arthrodesis, but nearly all are used for treatment of posttraumatic talocrural joint arthritis. Relatively few case reports of ankle arthrodesis are found in the literature on rheumatoid arthritis. The transfibular approach is remarkably effective for the fusion of talocrural joints destroyed and deformed by rheumatoid arthritis. In nine cases, the overall results were excellent in six and good in three. A sliding inlay graft in one case also produced a good result. Because patients with rheumatoid arthritis have osteoporosis caused by steroid therapy or its disuse, and some vascular disease, compression arthrodesis is unsafe. Moreover, the lateral transfibular approach provides better surgical exposure as well as protecting fragile rheumatoid tendons, vessels and nerves.
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Yasuhara N, Kanematsu H, Sugiura Y, Yanagi T. [Surgical case of spinal paralysis due to ossification of the ligamenta flava]. Seikei Geka 1972; 23:139-43. [PMID: 4622289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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