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Subramanian N, Wiik A, Rullman E, Melin M, Lundberg TR, Flanagan J, Holmberg M, Dekanski A, Dhejne C, Arver S, Gustafsson T, Laurencikiene J, Andersson DP. Adipokine secretion and lipolysis following gender-affirming treatment in transgender individuals. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02323-4. [PMID: 38460092 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The organ-specific effects of gender-affirming sex hormone treatment (GAHT) in transgender women (TW) and transgender men (TM) are insufficiently explored. This study investigated the effects of GAHT on adipose tissue function. METHODS In a single-center interventional prospective study, 32 adults undergoing GAHT, 15 TW and 17 TM, were examined with anthropometry and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies obtained before initiation of treatment, 1 month after endogenous sex hormone inhibition and three and 11 months after initiated GAHT. Fat cell size, basal/stimulated lipolysis and cytokine secretion in adipose tissue were analyzed. RESULTS TW displayed an increase in complement component 3a and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) secretion after sex hormone inhibition, which returned to baseline following estradiol treatment. No changes in lipolysis were seen in TW. TM showed downregulation of RBP4 after treatment, but no changes in basal lipolysis. In TM, the estrogen suppression led to higher noradrenaline stimulated (NA) lipolysis that was normalized following testosterone treatment. At 11 months, the ratio of NA/basal lipolysis was lower compared to baseline. There were no significant changes in fat cell size in either TW or TM. CONCLUSION In TW, gonadal hormone suppression results in transient changes in cytokines and in TM there are some changes in NA-stimulated lipolysis following testosterone treatment. However, despite the known metabolic effects of sex hormones, the overall effects of GAHT on adipose tissue function are small and likely have limited clinical relevance, but larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02518009, Retrospectively registered 7 August 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subramanian
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A Wiik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Melin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T R Lundberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Flanagan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Holmberg
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
- ANOVA, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and Transgender Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Dekanski
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Dhejne
- ANOVA, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and Transgender Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Arver
- ANOVA, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and Transgender Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Laurencikiene
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - D P Andersson
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Khan MA, Pasha MM, Arjun MN, Subramanian N. Clinical profile, risk factors, and clinical outcomes in patients of venous thromboembolism at a tertiary care center. Ann Afr Med 2023; 22:415-419. [PMID: 38358139 PMCID: PMC10775927 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_123_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) commonly presents as either deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). Despite rapid advances in its diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, it still leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Objectives Our study predominantly aims at studying the clinical profile, risk factors, and the clinical outcomes in VTE patients presenting to a single tertiary care center to rapidly detect the disease and use appropriate thrombo-prophylaxis. Materials and Methods This was an prospective observational study involving 40 patients of confirmed cases of VTE who presented to this tertiary care hospital during a period from June 2017 to May 2019. Data collected included the age, sex, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, and their clinical outcomes. Descriptive analysis was carried out by mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables; frequency and proportion for the categorical variables. Results Among the study groups, 30 (74%) had DVT, 4 (11%) had PE, and 6 (15%) had both. Major risk factors detected included smoking history (44%), recent surgery (15%), malignancy (11%), history of immobility (10%), and past history of DVT (15%). The clinical presentation mainly included leg pain (62%) and leg swelling (87%).The outcomes were predominantly re-canalization (31%), recurrent DVT (21%), recurrent PE (1%), chronic DVT (27%), chronic venous insufficiency (36%), chronic venous ulcer (7%), pulmonary hypertension (16%), and death (5%). In our study population, the most common pro-thrombotic state was found to be hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusions In our study of VTE patients, we have highlighted the possible risk factors, clinical presentation, and clinical outcomes to identify the disease early and help us initiate appropriate thromboprophylaxis to reduce morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Khan
- Department of Medicine, Command Hospital Air Force, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - M. N. Arjun
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Command Hospital Air Force, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayanan Subramanian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Command Hospital Air Force, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Mazziotta A, Lundström J, Forsell N, Moor H, Eggers J, Subramanian N, Aquilué N, Morán‐Ordóñez A, Brotons L, Snäll T. More future synergies and less trade-offs between forest ecosystem services with natural climate solutions instead of bioeconomy solutions. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:6333-6348. [PMID: 35949042 PMCID: PMC9805065 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To reach the Paris Agreement, societies need to increase the global terrestrial carbon sink. There are many climate change mitigation solutions (CCMS) for forests, including increasing bioenergy, bioeconomy, and protection. Bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions use climate-smart, intensive management to generate high quantities of bioenergy and bioproducts. Protection of (semi-)natural forests is a major component of "natural climate solution" (NCS) since forests store carbon in standing biomass and soil. Furthermore, protected forests provide more habitat for biodiversity and non-wood ecosystem services (ES). We investigated the impacts of different CCMS and climate scenarios, jointly or in isolation, on future wood ES, non-wood ES, and regulating ES for a major wood provider for the international market. Specifically, we projected future ES given by three CCMS scenarios for Sweden 2020-2100. In the long term, fulfilling the increasing wood demand through bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will decrease ES multifunctionality, but the increased stand age and wood stocks induced by rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations will partially offset these negative effects. Adopting bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will have a greater negative impact on ES supply than adopting NCS. Bioenergy or bioeconomy solutions, as well as increasing GHG emissions, will reduce synergies and increase trade-offs in ES. NCS, by contrast, increases the supply of multiple ES in synergy, even transforming current ES trade-offs into future synergies. Moreover, NCS can be considered an adaptation measure to offset negative climate change effects on the future supplies of non-wood ES. In boreal countries around the world, forestry strategies that integrate NCS more deeply are crucial to ensure a synergistic supply of multiple ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mazziotta
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UppsalaSweden
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Johanna Lundström
- Department of Forest Resource ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
| | - Nicklas Forsell
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)LaxenburgAustria
| | - Helen Moor
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UppsalaSweden
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jeannette Eggers
- Department of Forest Resource ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
| | - Narayanan Subramanian
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSouthern Swedish Forest Research CentreAlnarpSweden
| | - Núria Aquilué
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC)SolsonaSpain
- Centre d' Étude de la Forêt (CEF)Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)MontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Alejandra Morán‐Ordóñez
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC)SolsonaSpain
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF)Cerdanyola del VallesSpain
| | - Lluís Brotons
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC)SolsonaSpain
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF)Cerdanyola del VallesSpain
- CSICCerdanyola del VallesSpain
| | - Tord Snäll
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UppsalaSweden
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Cheng IT, So H, Leung YY, Chiowchanwisawakit P, Angkodjojo S, Saeed MA, Shin K, Goyal M, Haroon M, Hammoudeh M, Subramanian N, Chung HY, Wei JCC, Kishimoto M, Tam LS. AB0761 Are we treating-to-target in spondyloarthritis (SpA)? A cross sectional analysis from the Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR) SpA Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundData on the extent of treat-to-target (T2T) recommendations application in SpA patients across Asia Pacific region is lacking. APLAR SpA Registry aimed to assess the utility of T2T on long term clinical outcomes, and to improve disease management and inform health care policy.ObjectivesTo provide a snapshot of the registry including demographics, disease activity and medication use.MethodsPatients fulfill the CASPAR 2006 for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and 2009 ASAS criteria for axial spondylitis (AxSpA) were recruited. This cross sectional analysis included the first 188 patients recruited across 7 Asia Pacific regions (Hong Kong, Singapore, Korea, Thailand, India, Qatar & Pakistan).Results83 patients PsA and 115 AxSpA patients were included. They had moderate inflammation (DAPSA: 19.61±14.29, ASDAS: 2.32±1.07). Majority of PsA patients received conventional synthetic disease-modifying drug (csDMARDs, 81%) with relatively low prevalence of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) (24%). Most AxSpA patients used NSAIDs (79%) while nearly half of them received bDMARDs (49%). Other details listed in Table 1. Prevalence of bDMARDs use in our registry was lower than that from the USA (Corrona PsA Registry, 59%), Turkey & Canada (PsArt-ID, 40%) and the Netherlands AxSpA registry (56%) (1-3). Regarding T2T, 28% and 44% of PsA patient achieved minimal disease activity (MDA) and Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis low disease activity (DAPSA LDA) respectively. The proportion of patients achieving target in other cohorts were 46% for MDA (PsArt-ID) and 46% for DAPSA LDA (Corrona) (1, 2). 37% and 47% of AxSpA patient achieved Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)<4 and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) LDA. Proportion of patients achieving ASDAS LDA were similar to the Netherlands registry for patients with ASDAS LDA or BASDAI<4 (Figure 1A)(3). Patient on bDMARD were more likely to achieve treatment target (Figure 1B). There were no significant difference between socio-economic status and disease features between bDMARD user and non-user.Table 1.Demographics, clinical features and disease activity of patientsPsA (n=83)AxSpA (n=115)Age50.012.836.512.4Male n, %4251%8583%Asian n, %83100%10196%Disease duration, years7.17.35.27.6Any sacroiliitis n, %10299%HLA B27, positive n, %9189%Duration of early morning stiffness, min30392529Tender joint count7901Swollen joint count3400No. of dactylitis digit1100PASI4.05.0SPRACC1201BASDAI2.82.0ESR, mm/h31262016CRP, mg/L10151127HAQ-DI0.610.610.390.51DAPSA19.6114.29ASDAS CRP2.321.07Data given in mean SD unless stated. No. of case from Hong Kong 40; Singapore 46; Korea 24; Thailand 20, India 15; Qatar 10; Pakistan 33; HLA - human leucucyte antigen; PASI - psoriasis area and severity index; SPRACC - Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Enthesitis Index; BASDAI - Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP - C-reactive protein; HAQ-DI - Health assessment questionnaire disability index; DAPSA - Disease activity in Psoriatic Arthritis; ASDAS - Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity ScoreFigure 1.(A) Achievement of LDA in APLAR SpA registry and other registry and (B) use of bDMARDs among patients in APLAR SpA registry with or without achieving LDAConclusionPatient using bDMARDs were more likely to achieve treatment target. We expect that when T2T is widely applied, better outcomes will be reported in future.References[1]Bakirci, S., et al. (2019). “What are the main barriers to achieve minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis in real life?” Clin Exp Rheumatol37(5): 808-812.[2]Beckers, E., et al. (2021). “Treat-to-target in axial spondyloarthritis: an observational study in daily practice.” Rheumatology (Oxford).[3]Ogdie, A., et al. (2021). “Effect of Multidomain Disease Presentations on Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis in the Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry.” J Rheumatol48(5): 698-706.Disclosure of InterestsIsaac T. Cheng: None declared, Ho SO: None declared, Ying Ying Leung Speakers bureau: received honorarium/ speaker fee from AbbVie, DKSH, Janssen, Novartis and Pfizer., Praveena Chiowchanwisawakit: None declared, Stanley Angkodjojo Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim Singapore in Nov 2021, Consultant of: Abbvie (Singapore), DKSH (Singapore) in 2021, Muhammad Ahmed Saeed: None declared, Kichul Shin: None declared, Mohit Goyal: None declared, Muhammad Haroon: None declared, Mohammed Hammoudeh Speakers bureau: Have you been paid as a speaker for (pharmaceutical) companies, Grant/research support from: participated in drug companies sponsored trials, Nallasivan Subramanian: None declared, Ho Yin Chung: None declared, James Cheng-Chung Wei: None declared, Mitsumasa Kishimoto Consultant of: MK received consulting fees and/or speaker fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Asahi-Kasei Pharma, Astellas, Ayumi Pharma, BMS, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Pfizer, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, and UCB Pharma., Lai-Shan Tam Consultant of: has acted as a consultant for Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi, AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Lilly, Grant/research support from: has received grant/research support from Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, GSK, Novartis, and Pfizer
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Muhammed H, Jain A, Irfan M, Charles S, Dwivedi P, Chavan PP, Khubchandani R, Sharma A, Phatak S, Shukla AN, Shah R, Subramanian N, Pandya SC, Singh YP, Chengappa KG, Thabah M, Rajasekhar L, Shobha V, Negi VS, Dhir V, Sharma A, Misra R, Aggarwal A. Clinical features, severity and outcome of acute pancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2021; 42:1363-1371. [PMID: 33723658 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a rare but life threatening manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The current study aims to study the clinical characteristics, severity, mortality, and outcome of SLE-related AP in Indian population. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with SLE who had AP in the past. Data from 13 rheumatology centers across India were compiled. All patients satisfied SLICC criteria for SLE and ATLANTA criteria for AP. AP was classified in to mild, moderate and severe using revised Atlanta classification. Patients with known risk factors like gall stone and alcohol were excluded.Sixty-six patients (six, children) were studied. Majority of patients were females (82%). The median age of presentation was 24 (11-63) years and most patients (57.5%) presented within first year of diagnosis of lupus. AP occurred mostly in the setting of active lupus (89%). Active nephritis was seen in 39% while a fourth had CNS disease. Patients with severe AP had lower C3. Ascites and sepsis were most common local and systemic complications, respectively. Mortality was 17%. Hypocalcemia, presence of sepsis and shock predicted mortality. In the multivariate analysis, only presence of shock remained as independent predictor of death (OR 63.0, 95% CI: 5.2-760.3). Pancreatitis is an early manifestation of SLE and is associated with active disease. Significant mortality is seen particularly with severe pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafis Muhammed
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Avinash Jain
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India.,Currently SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Sheba Charles
- St John's National Academy of Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Preksha Dwivedi
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ripal Shah
- One-Centre for Rheumatology and Genetics, Vadodara, India
| | | | | | | | - K G Chengappa
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Molly Thabah
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Vineeta Shobha
- St John's National Academy of Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - V S Negi
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Varun Dhir
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramnath Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India.
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Dekeba Tafa K, Sundramurthy VP, Subramanian N. Rheological and thermal properties of honey produced in Algeria and Ethiopia: a review. International Journal of Food Properties 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1953525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenenisa Dekeba Tafa
- Department of Food Process Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | | | - N. Subramanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gobinath M, Subramanian N, Alagarsamy V, Nivedhitha S, Solomon VR. Design and Synthesis of 1-Substituted-4-(4-Nitrophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-ones as a New Class of Antihistaminic Agents. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Melendez-Munoz J, Subramanian N, Friedman T, Dietz HP. Is levator trauma an independent risk factor for anal incontinence? Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:298-302. [PMID: 31561284 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of levator ani trauma in anal incontinence (AI), whilst controlling for anal sphincter injury. METHODS The records of 1273 patients who had attended a tertiary urogynaecology unit between 1st of January to 31st December 2016 were reviewed. AI was assessed using St Mark's score and visual analogue scale (VAS). Levator muscle and anal sphincter trauma were examined by translabial ultrasound using tomographic imaging, with archived data sets investigated blinded against all clinical data. A complete avulsion was diagnosed if at least three central tomographic slices showed an abnormal muscle insertion, rated separately for each side. A significant anal sphincter defect was diagnosed if at least four out of six slices showed a defect of ≥ 30°. RESULTS Avulsion was associated with St Mark's score (P = 0.005) and VAS bother of AI (P = 0.022) both on univariate analysis and when controlling for external anal sphincter (EAS) trauma on translabial imaging, forceps, body mass index (BMI) and age (P = 0.011 and P = 0.04, respectively). AI expressed as a binary variable was significantly associated with avulsion on univariate analysis (P = 0.011), although the association became nonsignificant after controlling for anal sphincter trauma, age, BMI and forceps delivery (P = 0.084). CONCLUSION In this retrospective observational study, we found a weak association between levator ani avulsion and measures of AI, which largely remained significant when controlling for anal sphincter trauma. However, given the large data set, any clinical effect of levator trauma on AI is likely to be minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melendez-Munoz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - N Subramanian
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Nepean Hospital, The University of Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Friedman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H P Dietz
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Nepean Hospital, The University of Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Grégoire J, Gilon C, Subramanian N, Bersini H. Forecasting episodes of atrial fibrillation using a new machine learning algorithm. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.09.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Forecasting atrial fibrillation (AF) a few minutes before its onset has been studied, mainly based on heart rate variability parameters, derived from 24-hour ECG Holter monitorings. However, these studies have shown conflicting, non-clinically applicable results. Nowadays, machine learning algorithms have proven their ability to anticipate events. Therefore, forecasting AF before its onset should be (re)assessed using machine learning techniques. A reliable forecasting could improve results of preventive pacing in patients with cardiac electronic implanted devices (CEID).
Purpose
To forecast an oncoming AF episode in individual patients using machine learning techniques.
To evaluate the effect if the onset of an AF episode can be forecasted on longer time frames.
Methods
The totality of the raw data of a data set of 10484 ECG Holter monitorings was retrospectively analyzed and all AF episodes were annotated. Onset of each AF episode was determined with a precision of 5 msec. We only took AF events into consideration if they lasted longer than 30 seconds. Of all patients in the dataset, 140 presented paroxysmal AF (286 recorded AF episodes). We only used RR intervals to predict the presence of AF. We developed two different types of machine learning algorithms with different computational power requirements: a “dynamic” deep and recurrent neural net (RNN) and a “static” decision-tree with adaboost (boosting trees) more suitable for embedded devices. These algorithms were trained on one set of patients (around 90%) and tested on the remaining set of patients (around 10%).
Results
The performance figures are summarized in the table. Both algorithms can be tuned to increase their specificity (at a loss of sensitivity) or vice versa, depending on the objective.
Performance of forecasting algorithms RR-distance Boosting trees AUC RNN AUC 30–1 RR-Interval(s) before an AF event 97.1% 98.77% 60–31 RR-Intervals before an AF event 97.5% 99.1% 90–61 RR-Intervals before an AF event 96.9% 99.1% 120–91 RR-Inervals before an AF event 98.2% 98.9% AUC for Area Under ROC Curves.
Conclusion
Based upon this retrospective study, we show that AF can be forecasted on an individual level with high predictive power using machine learning algorithm, with little drop-off of predictive value within the studied distances (1–120 RR intervals before a potential AF episode). We believe that the embedding of our new algorithm(s) in CEID's could open the way to innovative therapies that significantly decrease AF burden in selected implanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-M Gregoire
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Subramanian
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Papazian
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Bersini
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Aiyub M, Esi A, Subramanian N. Poisson Fibonacci binomial matrix on rough statistical convergence on triple sequences and its rate. IFS 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-181189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Aiyub
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science University of Bahrain, Manam, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - A. Esi
- Department of Mathematics, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - N. Subramanian
- Department of Mathematics, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
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Bharathi MJ, Velmurugan S, Subramanian N, Srikanth R. On triple sequence space of Bernstein operator of rough Iλ- statistical convergence of weighted g(A). IFS 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-171017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jeyaram Bharathi
- Department of Mathematics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India
| | - S. Velmurugan
- Department of Mathematics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India
| | - N. Subramanian
- Department of Mathematics, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - R. Srikanth
- Tata Realty-SASTRA-Ramanujan chair professor for Mathematics, Thanjavur, India
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13
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Subramanian N, Nilsson U, Mossberg M, Bergh J. Impacts of climate change, weather extremes and alternative strategies in managed forests. Écoscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2018.1515597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Subramanian
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Urban Nilsson
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Magnus Mossberg
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Johan Bergh
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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Senthil Kumar S, Muthuselvam P, Pugalenthi V, Subramanian N, Ramkumar KM, Suresh T, Suzuki T, Rajaguru P. Toxicoproteomic analysis of human lung epithelial cells exposed to steel industry ambient particulate matter (PM) reveals possible mechanism of PM related carcinogenesis. Environ Pollut 2018; 239:483-492. [PMID: 29684875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Toxicoproteomic analysis of steel industry ambient particulate matter (PM) that contain high concentrations of PAHs and metals was done by treating human lung cancer cell-line, A549 and the cell lysates were analysed using quantitative label-free nano LC-MS/MS. A total of 18,562 peptides representing 1576 proteins were identified and quantified, with 196 proteins had significantly altered expression in the treated cells. Enrichment analyses revealed that proteins associated to redox homeostsis, metabolism, and cellular energy generation were inhibited while, proteins related to DNA damage and repair and other stresses were over expressed. Altered activities of several tumor associated proteins were observed. Protein-protein interaction network and biological pathway analysis of these differentially expressed proteins were carried out to obtain a systems level view of proteome changes. Together it could be inferred that PM exposure induced oxidative stress which could have lead into DNA damage and tumor related changes. However, lowering of cellular metabolism, and energy production could reduce its ability to overcome these stress. This kind of disequilibrium between the DNA damage and ability of the cells to repair the DNA damage may lead into genomic instability that is capable of acting as the driving force during PM induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Senthil Kumar
- Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Muthuselvam
- Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Pugalenthi
- Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Subramanian
- Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K M Ramkumar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Suresh
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 250-9501, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 250-9501, Japan
| | - P Rajaguru
- Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Subramanian N, Bhattacharyya D, Khan ID, Prasad V, Kotaru A, Vardhan V, Pandya K. Intrapleural Fibrinolysis in Post-tubercular Loculated Pleural Effusions at a Tertiary-Care Respiratory Center: An Uncontrolled Blinded Before-After Intervention Study. Hosp Pract Res 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/hpr.2018.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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16
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Anand A, Balasubramanian D, Subramanian N, Murthy S, Limbachiya S, Iyer S, Thankappan K, Sharma M. Secondary lymphedema after head and neck cancer therapy: A review. Lymphology 2018; 51:109-118. [PMID: 30422433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Secondary head and neck lymphedema (SHNL) is a chronic condition affecting patients who have undergone treatment for head and neck cancers. It results from the disruption of normal lymphatic flow by surgery and/or radiation. The incidence of secondary head and neck lymphedema varies anywhere between 12 and 54% of all patients treated for head and neck cancer, but it is still commonly under-diagnosed in routine clinical practice. In spite of awareness of this condition, treatment has been difficult as definitive staging, diagnostic, and assessment tools are still under development. This review article is aimed at looking at the evidence, standards of management, and deficiencies in current literature related to SHNL to optimize management of these patients and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anand
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi, India
| | | | - N Subramanian
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi, India
| | - S Murthy
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi, India
| | - S Limbachiya
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi, India
| | - S Iyer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Hospital, Kochi, India
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi, India
| | - K Thankappan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi, India
| | - M Sharma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Hospital, Kochi, India
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Subramanian N, Krishnan HM, Venkatachalam P, Kamatchi P. A Study of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzyme is a Biochemical Tumour Marker in Cervical Carcinoma Patients. INT J HUM GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09723757.2009.11886055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Subramanian
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H. Mohana Krishnan
- P.G. Division for Wildlife Biology, Govt. Arts & Science College, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Venkatachalam
- P.G. Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P.A.C. Kamatchi
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 502, Tamil Nadu, India
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Aiyub M, Esi A, Subramanian N. The triple entire difference Ideal of fuzzy real numbers over fuzzy p-metric spaces defined by Musielak Orlicz function. IFS 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-17077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Aiyub
- Department of Mathematics, Bahrain University, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ayhan Esi
- Department of Mathematics, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - N. Subramanian
- Department of Mathematics, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
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Ramyadevi D, Rajan KS, Vedhahari BN, Ruckmani K, Subramanian N. Heterogeneous polymer composite nanoparticles loaded in situ gel for controlled release intra-vaginal therapy of genital herpes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:260-70. [PMID: 27351137 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus causes serious and contagious genital infections in high percentage of female population world-wide. Acyclovir is a clinically successful antiviral molecule till date, in-spite of limitations as poor solubility, low half-life, reduced oral bioavailability and side effects at higher doses. In the present work, controlled release in situ gelling system loaded with polymeric nanoparticles of acyclovir containing a dose of drug equivalent to 105mg/day has been developed. The formulation containing drug loaded polyvinyl pyrrolidone-Eudragit RSPO hybrid polymeric nanoparticles (Size ∼99±3nm, Zeta ∼+26.1±1.5mV) in 15% Pluronic F-127 gel exhibited improved permeability through vaginal membrane (KP=2.20±0.19×10(-6)cm/s). The nanoparticles showed enhanced viability for vaginal epithelial cell lines up to concentration of 100-250μg/mL. The formulation was evaluated for bioavailability and biodistribution through intra-vaginal administration in rat models. The nanoparticle in situ gel formulation maintained an average therapeutic drug level of 0.6±0.2μg/mL in plasma for 24h. Significant improvement in mean residence time of the drug (12.52±1.12h) was observed with a two-fold increase in the relative bioavailability (AUC0-24h=14.92±2.44μgh/mL) compared to that of the pure drug (7.18±1.79μgh/mL). The tissue distribution was 2-3 folds higher in animals treated with nanoparticles in situ gel compared to that of pure drug. Sustained release of drug in vivo was demonstrated, ensuring the suitability of the formulation for clinical therapy in female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ramyadevi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401 Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K S Rajan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401 Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B N Vedhahari
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401 Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Ruckmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, BIT Campus, Trichy, 620 024 Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Subramanian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, BIT Campus, Trichy, 620 024 Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Sethuraman TKR, Sherif M, Subramanian N, Zoueil O, Mirza K. SU-F-T-269: Preliminary Experience of Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC) On IMRT Treatment Planning and Pre-Treatment Verification. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Subramanian N. Comment on: Clinical and radiographic involvement of cervical spine in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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22
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Nambiraj A, Sigamani A, Kaviarasu K, Rajesh T, Karthikeyan S, Subramanian N, Meerza K. SU-E-T-718: Surface Dose and Build-Up Dose Comparison of 6MV and 10MV Flattened with 6MV FFF and 10MV FFF Photon Beams with Different Detectors. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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23
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Gobinath M, Subramanian N, Alagarsamy V, Nivedhitha S, Solomon VR. Synthesis of 1-Substituted-4-(Pyridin-4-yl) [1,2,4] Triazolo [4,3-a] Quinazolin-5(4H)-ones as a New Class of H1- Antihistaminic Agents. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Sarguna RM, Sridharan V, Shanmukharao Samatham S, Ganesan V, Bhardwaj S, Awasthi AM, Mukadam MD, Yusuf SM, Sinha AK, Subramanian N. Structural, magnetic, and dielectric studies on Gd0.7Y0.3MnO3. J Phys Condens Matter 2014; 26:345901. [PMID: 25089361 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/34/345901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Structural, magnetic, specific heat, and dielectric studies were carried out on Y substituted (30 at. %) GdMnO(3) compound as a function of temperature. Anomalies occur at ~41 and 18 K, in the specific heat measurements and are ascribed to paramagnetic, to sinusoidal incommensurate antiferromagnetic transition (ICAFM) and ICAFM to commensurate antiferromagnetic transitions, respectively. Changes in the lattice parameters across these temperatures indicate magneto-elastic coupling present in the compound. However, in the dielectric measurements, an anomaly at 18 K alone is observed and is ascribed to a ferroelectric transition, giving rise to spontaneous ferroelectric ordering at low temperatures. This observation is supported by an anomaly in lattice parameters, across the transition temperature. From the frequency dependent dielectric studies, a strong coupling between Gd(3+) and Mn(3+) magnetic sublattices is inferred and Y substitution results in substantial changes in the relaxation process compared to that of GdMnO(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Sarguna
- Condensed Matter Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
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Chae JJ, Lee GS, Subramanian N, Kastner DL. OR11-003 - The NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by CaSR. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952243 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
The pressure dependence of various inter- and intra-layer Raman modes has been studied on pristine matlockite compound, PbFCl, up to ~41 GPa. The low-frequency interlayer vibrational modes, A1g(1) and Eg(1), identified as rigid layer modes, exhibit non-monotonic behavior with increasing pressure. They exhibit points of inflexion at ~24 GPa and ~31 GPa respectively, indicating the onset of a subtle instability. The emergence of a new Raman mode (~181 cm(-1)) at ~24 GPa and a sudden large increase in the intensity of the A1g(1) mode signify the occurrence of a symmetry lowering structural transition of the parent tetragonal phase with enhanced interlayer coupling. Two more modes appear at higher pressures (~33 GPa) at frequencies below the A1g(1) mode and are ascribed to a monoclinically distorted phase (space group P21/m). High pressure x-ray diffraction studies performed up to ~47 GPa confirm the occurrence of the structural transitions with decreasing crystal symmetry. These observations are consistent with a picture in which the structural distortion involves destabilization of the tetragonal unit cell following a gradual change in the bonding nature from layer-like (2D) to non-layer like (3D) involving the Cl-bilayers along the c direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Sorb
- Condensed Matter Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
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Rajeevkumar P, Subramanian N, Rajeevkumar R. Development of Difference Spectroscopic Method for the Estimation of Lincomycin Hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Solid Dosage forms. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2013. [DOI: 10.18579/jpcrkc/2013/12/1/79116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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28
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Subramanian N, Sundaraganesan N, Dereli O, Türkkan E. FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra, density functional computations of the vibrational spectra and molecular conformational analysis of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 83:165-174. [PMID: 21903454 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of finding conformer among six different possible conformers of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone (DTBHQ), its equilibrium geometry and harmonic wavenumbers were calculated by the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method. The infrared and Raman spectra of DTBHQ were recorded in the region 400-4000 cm(-1) and 50-3500 cm(-1), respectively. In addition, the IR spectra in CCl(4) at various concentrations of DTBHQ are also recorded. The computed vibrational wavenumbers were compared with the IR and Raman experimental data. Computational calculations at B3LYP level with two different basis sets 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) are also employed in the study of the possible conformer of DTBHQ. The complete assignments were performed on the basis of the potential energy distribution (PED) of the vibrational modes, calculated using VEDA 4 program. The general agreement between the observed and calculated frequencies was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subramanian
- Government College of Education, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
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Goncharov AF, Subramanian N, Ravindran TR, Somayazulu M, Prakapenka VB, Hemley RJ. Polymorphism of dense, hot oxygen. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:084512. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3626860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Subramanian N, Sundaraganesan N, Sudha S, Aroulmoji V, Sockalingam GD, Bergamin M. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the molecular and electronic structure of anticancer drug camptothecin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 78:1058-1067. [PMID: 21233010 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum of (S)-4 ethyl-4-hydroxy-1H-pyrano [3',4':6,7]-indolizino-[1,2-b-quinoline-3,14-(4H,12H)-dione] [camptothecin] was recorded in the region 4000-400 cm(-1). The Fourier Transform Raman spectrum of camptothecin (CPT) was also recorded in the region 3500-50 cm(-1). Quantum chemical calculations of geometrical structural parameters and vibrational frequencies of CPT were carried out by MP2/6-31G(d,p) and density functional theory DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) methods. The assignment of each normal mode has been made using the observed and calculated frequencies, their IR and Raman intensities. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated and the scaled values have been compared with experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. Most of the computed frequencies were found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations. The isotropic chemical shifts computed by (13)C and (1)H NMR analysis also show good agreement with experimental observations. Comparison of calculated spectra with the experimental spectra provides important information about the ability of computational method to describe the vibrational modes of large sized organic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subramanian
- Government College of Education, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
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Subramanian N, Struzhkin VV, Goncharov AF, Hemley RJ. A virtual experiment control and data acquisition system for in situ laser heated diamond anvil cell Raman spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:093906. [PMID: 20886993 DOI: 10.1063/1.3484187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Doubled-sided laser heated diamond anvil cell methods allow simultaneous in situ confocal Raman measurements of materials up to megabar pressures and high temperatures. This paper describes a virtual control and data acquisition system developed to automate setups for simultaneous Raman/laser heating experiments. The system enables reduction of experiment time by ∼90% in comparison to manual operations, allowing measurements of high quality Raman spectra of even highly reactive or diffusive samples, such as hydrogen at extreme conditions using continuous wave laser heating. These types of measurements are very difficult and often impossible to obtain in a manual operation mode. Complete data archiving and accurate control of various experimental parameters (e.g., on-the-fly temperature determination and self-adjusting data collection time to avoid signal saturation) can be done, and open up possibilities of other types of experiments involving extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subramanian
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
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32
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Subramanian N, Sundaraganesan N, Jayabharathi J. Molecular structure, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR, UV) studies and first-order molecular hyperpolarizabilities of 1,2-bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine by density functional method. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 76:259-269. [PMID: 20413344 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure and vibrational wavenumbers of 1,2-bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine [vanillin azine (VA)] were carried out by using density functional (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6-31G(d) as basis set. The optimized geometrical parameters obtained by DFT calculations are in good agreement with single crystal XRD data. The vibrational spectral data obtained from solid phase FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra are assigned based on the results of the theoretical calculations. The observed spectra are found to be in good agreement with calculated values. The electric dipole moment (mu) and the first hyperpolarizability (beta) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The calculation results also show that the VA molecule might have microscopic nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior with non-zero values. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of VA was also reported. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) results complements with the experimental findings. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The theoretical NMR chemical shifts complement with experimentally measured ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subramanian
- Govt College of Education, Komarapalayam 638183, Tamil Nadu, India
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Arulsudar N, Subramanian N, Mishra P, Sharma R, Murthy R. Preparation, Characterisation and Biodistribution of99mTc-labeled Liposome Encapsulated Cyclosporine. J Drug Target 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/10611860310001615415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sekar M, Kumar NRS, Sahu PC, Chandra Shekar NV, Subramanian N. Cryogenic gas loading in a Mao-Bell-type diamond anvil cell for high pressure-high temperature investigations. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:076103. [PMID: 18681740 DOI: 10.1063/1.2953098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple system for loading argon fluid at cryogenic temperatures in a Mao-Bell-type diamond anvil cell (DAC) has been developed. It is done in a two step process in which the piston-cylinder assembly alone is submerged in the cryogenic chamber for trapping the liquefied inert gas. Liquid nitrogen is used for condensing the argon gas. This system is now being efficiently used for loading liquid argon in the DAC for high pressure-high temperature experiments. The success rate of trapping liquefied argon in the sample chamber is about 75%. The performance of the gas loading system is successfully tested by carrying out direct conversion of pyrolitic graphite to diamond under high pressure-high temperature using laser heated DAC facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sekar
- Materials Science Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Shah NM, Parikh J, Namdeo A, Subramanian N, Bhowmick S. Preparation, characterization and in vivo studies of proliposomes containing Cyclosporine A. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2006; 6:2967-73. [PMID: 17048505 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2006.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to prepare proliposomes of Cyclosporine A (CsA) to increase its oral bioavailability. The proliposomes were prepared by spraying a solution of CsA, egg lecithin and cremophor EL in methanol-chloroform mixture onto directly compressible lactose (carrier) in a rotary evaporator. A dry free flowing powder of proliposomes was obtained. The dry proliposomal powder was characterized for surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then the proliposomes were hydrated with distilled water to produce liposomes, which were characterized for particle size distribution, % drug entrapment, and morphological characteristics by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The liposomes exhibited good entrapment of about 99%. The entrapment of CsA in liposomes was found to be dependent mainly on the drug:lipid ratio. Bioavailability studies were carried out for three different formulations of CsA i.e., free drug suspension; proliposomes derived liposomes and marketed formulation (Pannimun Bioral, Microemulsion) on male SD rats. The results of bioavailability studies indicated that the difference in the mean drug concentration of the free drug and the liposomes was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05, p value is 0.032). The absorption constant for liposomal product was much greater (10.26 h(-1)) than for free drug solution (1.2 h(-1)) or the marketed sample of microemulsion (2.51 h(-1)) and the volume of distribution was found to be less for liposomes (7629.88 ml/kg) than that of the free drug solution (10971.92 ml/kg) and marketed microemulsion (9012.07 ml/kg). The results of these studies have shown that a stable proliposomal formulation of CsA for oral administration can be prepared which can be easily hydrated into liposomes from which CsA can exert its clinical effects with a better oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, A. R. College of Pharmacy, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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Subramanian N, Ghosal SK, Moulik SP. Enhanced in vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor using microemulsion. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2006; 31:405-16. [PMID: 16093206 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500214605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Celecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, was recently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, acute pain, familial adenomatous polyposis and primary dysmenorrhea. Oral administration of celecoxib is effective against ultraviolet B radiation (UVB)-induced skin carcinogenesis; however, its clinical use is restricted because of its failure to block the characteristic cutaneous inflammatory response and lower availability at the site of inflammation. Topical application of celecoxib has been effective compared with oral in certain clinical conditions. The present study was undertaken to develop and investigate the development of microemulsion system (isopropyl myristate/medium-chain glyceride/polysorbate 80/water) for topical delivery of celecoxib. The pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed with constant surfactant concentration, and several compositions were identified and characterized by using dynamic light scattering. The in vitro permeation rate of celecoxib through rat skin was determined for microemulsions, microemulsion gel, and cream by using the modified Franz-type diffusion cell. In all formulations tested, celecoxib permeated more quickly, and the microemulsions increased the permeation rate of celecoxib up to 5 and 11 times compared with those of microemulsion gel and cream, respectively. Increasing the concentration of medium-chain mono-/di-glyceride in microemulsion imparted increased droplet size and viscosity and decreased diffusion coefficient. In vivo anti-inflammatory study suggested that the developed microemulsion formulations might serve as potential drug vehicle for the prevention of UVB-induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subramanian
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, India
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Arulsudar N, Subramanian N, Muthy RSR. Comparison of artificial neural network and multiple linear regression in the optimization of formulation parameters of leuprolide acetate loaded liposomes. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2005; 8:243-58. [PMID: 16124936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We planned to optimize the effect of formulation variables on the percent drug entrapment (PDE) of the liposomes encapsulating leuprolide acetate by reverse phase evaporation method using Artificial neural network (ANN) and Multiple linear regression (MLR). METHOD Twenty seven formulations were prepared based on 3x3 factorial design. The volume of aqueous phase (X(1)), HSPC/DSPG [negative charge] (X(2)), and HSPC/Cholesterol (X(3)) were selected as the causal factors. Potential variables such as concentration of lipid: drug and hydration medium were kept constant in experimental design. The PDE (dependent variable) and the transformed values of independent variables were subjected to multiple regression analysis to establish a second order polynomial equation (full model). A set of PDE and causal factors was used as tutorial data for the ANN and fed into a computer. The feed forward back propagation (bp) method was optimized. The ANN model and MLR were validated for accurate prediction of PDE. RESULTS To simplify the polynomial equation, F-statistic was applied to reduce polynomial equation (reduced model) by neglecting non-significant (P<0.05) terms. The reduced polynomial equation was used to plot three two-dimensional contour plots at fixed levels of -1, 0 and 1 of the variable X(3) to obtain various combination values of the two other independent variables (X(1) and X(2)) at predetermined PDE. The root mean square value of the trained ANN model by feed forward bp method was 0.0000354, which indicated that the optimal model was reached. The optimization methods developed by both ANN and MLR were validated by preparing another six liposomal formulations. The predetermined PDE (from ANN and MLR) and the experimental data were compared with predicted data by paired "t" test, no statistically significant difference was observed. ANN showed less error compared to MLR. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the ANN model provides more accurate prediction and is quite useful in the optimization of pharmaceutical formulations when compared to multiple regression analysis method. The normalized error (NE) value observed with the optimal ANN model was 0.0211 while it was 0.0658 for the full model in the case of second-order polynomial equation composed of the combination of causal factors (X(1), X(2) and X(3)). Thus the derived equation, contour plots and ANN helps in predicting the values of the independent variables for maximum PDE in the preparation of leuprolide acetate liposomes by reverse phase evaporation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arulsudar
- New Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Rajaram PC, Lakshmikanthan, Thanikachalam S, Vaidyanathan S, Subramanian N. Plan radiographic anticipation of adequacy of left ventricular size in patients with tetralogy of fallot by studying the level of diaphragmatic domes a new sign. A catheter correlated study of hundred patients. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.28757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lewis C, El-Hashim A, Gerspacher M, Hoshiko K, Mazzoni L, Pfannkuche HJ, Subramanian N, Fozard J. The airways pharmacology of DNK333, a potent, selective, non-peptide dual NK1/NK2 receptor antagonist. Drug Dev Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arulsudar N, Subramanian N, Mishra P, Chuttani K, Sharma RK, Murthy RSR. Preparation, characterization, and biodistribution study of technetium-99m -labeled leuprolide acetate-loaded liposomes in Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. AAPS PharmSci 2004; 6:E5. [PMID: 15198506 PMCID: PMC2750940 DOI: 10.1208/ps060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare conventional and sterically stabilized liposomes containing leuprolide acetate in an attempt to prolong the biological half life of the drug, to reduce the uptake by reticuloendothelial system (RES), and to reduce the injection frequency of intravenously administered peptide drugs. The conventional and sterically stabilized liposomes containing leuprolide acetate were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method and characterized for entrapment efficiency and particle size. Radiolabeling of leuprolide acetate and its liposomes was performed by direct labeling with reduced technetium-99m. Its biodistribution and imaging characteristics were studied in ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT)-bearing mice after labeling with technetium-99m. The systemic pharmacokinetic studies were performed in rabbits. A high uptake by tumor was observed by sterically stabilized liposome containing leuprolide acetate compared with free drug and conventional liposomes. The liver/tumor uptake ratio of free drug, conventional (LL), and sterically stabilized liposomes (SLL5000 and SLL2000) was found to be 20, 7.99, 1.63, and 1.23, respectively, which showed the increased accumulation of sterically stabilized liposomes in tumor compared with the free drug and conventional liposomes at 24 hours postinjection. Liver uptake of sterically stabilized liposomes was still 7-fold less than the conventional liposomes. The marked accumulation of liposomes in the tumor-bearing mice was also documented by gamma scintigraphic studies. The findings demonstrate the distribution of these liposomes within solid tumor and prove that the sterically stabilized liposomes experience increased tumor uptake and prolonged circulation half life. Hence these findings will be relevant for the optimal design of long circulating liposomes for the peptide drugs and for targeting of liposomes toward tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Arulsudar
- />New Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Donor's Plaza, M.S. University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, 390 002 Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - N. Subramanian
- />New Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Donor's Plaza, M.S. University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, 390 002 Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - P. Mishra
- />Division of Biocybernetics and Radiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - K. Chuttani
- />Division of Biocybernetics and Radiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - R. K. Sharma
- />Division of Biocybernetics and Radiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - R. S. R. Murthy
- />New Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Donor's Plaza, M.S. University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, 390 002 Vadodara, Gujarat India
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Subramanian N, Murthy RSR. Use of electrolyte induced flocculation technique for an in vitro steric stability study of steric stabilized liposome formulations. Pharmazie 2004; 59:74-6. [PMID: 14964428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Krishnakumar S, Subramanian N, Mahesh L, Mohan ER, Biswas J. Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland in a patient with neurofibromatosis. Eye (Lond) 2003; 17:843-5. [PMID: 14528250 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Friedlich P, Subramanian N, Sebald M, Noori S, Seri I. Use of high-frequency jet ventilation in neonates with hypoxemia refractory to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2003; 13:398-402. [PMID: 12962265 DOI: 10.1080/jmf.13.6.398.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the response to high-frequency jet ventilation in infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure unresponsive to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of chart records on demographics, ventilator settings, blood gas analysis and calculated oxygenation index prior to and during the first 7 days of high-frequency jet ventilation in ten consecutive infants. RESULTS Before the initiation of high-frequency jet ventilation, the ventilatory mean airway pressure (MAP; cmH2O), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and oxygenation index on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation were 14.3 +/- 1.3, 0.97 +/- 0.02 and 29 +/- 5, respectively. Three hours after the initiation of high-frequency jet ventilation, the oxygenation index improved to 18 +/- 4 (p < 0.001) and the improvement was sustained during the study period. By 6 h of high-frequency jet ventilation, the FiO2 decreased to 0.62 +/- 0.09 (p < 0.01) and, by 1-3 h of ventilation, the MAP decreased to 10.9 +/- 1.3 (p < 0.01). The improvement in FiO2 persisted for 7 days while, although the MAP remained lower throughout the study, the improvement in MAP failed to reach statistical significance after 72 h. No significant changes in pH, pCO2, or pO2 before or during high-frequency jet ventilation were noted. CONCLUSION High-frequency jet ventilation improves hypoxemic respiratory failure unresponsive to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in infants. These findings suggest that not all high-frequency ventilatory devices yield the same clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Friedlich
- USC Division of Neonatal Medicine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Women's and Children's Hospital, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
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Arulsudar N, Subramanian N, Mishra P, Sharma RK, Murthy RSR. Preparation, characterisation and biodistribution of 99mTc-labeled liposome encapsulated cyclosporine. J Drug Target 2003; 11:187-96. [PMID: 13129826 DOI: 10.1080/10611860310001615415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of charge (neutral, negative and positive) on liposomal membrane on the distribution of cyclosporine encapsulated in it to various organs. Liposomes were prepared by using different phospholipids by thin film hydration followed by sequential extrusion through polycarbonate membranes to achieve a desired particle size, with high entrapment efficiency and then lyophilised using sucrose as cryoprotectant. The possible in vivo distribution of cyclosporine and its liposomes after direct labeling with reduced technetium-99m has been studied in mice. The blood kinetics and biodistribution study of these labeled complexes shows prolonged circulation of positive and neutral charged liposomes in blood compared to free drug and negative charged liposomal formulation. The biodistribution of the tagged liposomes confirms that increased radioactivity was seen in liver and spleen, with minimal involvement of the kidney. At 4 h post injection the biodistribution data in kidney reveals approximately 1-2% of the injected dose was present for cyclosporine loaded liposomes, which elicits the possibility of reducing the nephrotoxicity, generally seen in free cyclosporine. Interestingly, the biodistribution and gamma imaging studies of the charged cyclosporine liposomes indicated that an appreciable amount of these labeled complexes goes to bone marrow when compared to the free cyclosporine. The findings demonstrate the distribution of these liposomes within various organs and proved that the positively charged liposomes experience increased bone uptake and prolonged circulation half-life. Hence this finding implies the possibility of using these formulations for liver and bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arulsudar
- New Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, MS University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara, India
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Darling SD, Subramanian N. Cycloaddition reactions of enamines and diethyl 1,3-butadienephosphonate. Formation of .beta.-aminophosphonates via a Mannich reaction. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00907a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li TT, Lesko P, Ellison RH, Subramanian N, Fried JH. Intramolecular .alpha.-amidoalkylation of an olefin for the synthesis of a useful prostaglandin intermediate. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00314a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Subramanian N, Rajeswari S, Tamilvanan S. Rare cause for short stature--Kallmann's syndrome--a case report. Indian J Med Sci 2002; 56:119-21. [PMID: 12508620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Kallmann's syndrome is a neuroendocrine disorder, characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with hyposmia. We report a 27 year old male who presented with short stature and pain in the lumbar region. On detailed evaluation he had growth retardation, features of hypothalamic hypogonadism as evidenced by endocrimological tests and anosmia since birth. He had co-existent caries spine T10,T11 causing pain in the lumbar region-MRI brain showed normal olfactory pathway while the response to nasal stimulants was markedly attenuated. We present this case for its very care occurrence in the eastern part of the world and the typical feature being normal MRI brain with functional defect of the olfactory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subramanian
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Kilpauk Medical College & Govt. Royapettah Hospital
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Gerspacher M, La Vecchia L, Mah R, von Sprecher A, Anderson GP, Subramanian N, Hauser K, Bammerlin H, Kimmel S, Pawelzik V, Ryffel K, Ball HA. Dual neurokinin NK(1)/NK(2) antagonists: N-[(R,R)-(E)-1-arylmethyl-3-(2-oxo-azepan-3-yl)carbamoyl]allyl-N-methyl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzamides and 3-[N'-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl-N-arylmethyl-N'-methylhydrazino]-N-[(R)-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]propionamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:3081-4. [PMID: 11714615 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the structure of N-[(R,R)-(E)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(2-oxoazepan-3-yl)carbamoyl]allyl-N-methyl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (1), attempts to improve the NK(2) affinity have resulted in the discovery of N-[(R,R)-(E)-1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(2-oxoazepan-3-yl)carbamoyl]allyl-N-methyl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (9, DNK333) exhibiting a 5-fold improved affinity to the NK(2) receptor in comparison to 1. Simplification of the structure via elimination of a chiral centre led to 3-[N'-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl-N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-N'-methylhydrazino]-N-[(R)-2-oxo-azepan-3-yl]propionamide (22), a potent and fairly balanced NK(1)/NK(2) antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gerspacher
- Pharma Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Kalkman HO, Subramanian N, Hoyer D. Extended radioligand binding profile of iloperidone: a broad spectrum dopamine/serotonin/norepinephrine receptor antagonist for the management of psychotic disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001; 25:904-14. [PMID: 11750183 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Iloperidone is a novel psychotropic compound currently undergoing Phase III trials. Its affinity for human dopamine and 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors has been reported previously. This report presents the affinity of iloperidone for a largely extended number of human neurotransmitter receptors. In a few instances human receptors were not available and receptor studies were performed on tissues from laboratory animals. The present data, supplemented with those of, indicate that iloperidone displays high affinity (K(I) < 10 nM) for norepinephrine alpha(1)-adrenoceptors, dopamine D(3) and serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors. Intermediate affinity (10-100 nM) was found for norepinephrine alpha(2C)-adrenoceptors, dopamine D(2A) and D(4) receptors and serotonin 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(6) receptors. The affinity for all other receptors was below 100 nM, including norepinephrine alpha(2A), alpha(2B), beta(1), and beta(2), muscarine M(1)-M(5), histamine H(1), dopamine D(1) and D(5), CCK(A) and CCK(B), 5-HT(7), dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. Thus, iloperidone targets a selective set of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin receptor subtypes. The affinity for this particular set of receptors indicates that iloperidone has the potential to be a broad spectrum antipsychotic, with efficacy against positive, negative, depressive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and a low propensity to induce side effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- CHO Cells
- Cattle
- Clozapine/pharmacology
- Cricetinae
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isoxazoles/pharmacokinetics
- Male
- Membranes/drug effects
- Membranes/metabolism
- Piperidines/pharmacokinetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
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