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Sangavi M, Kumaraguru N, Butcher RJ, McMillen CD. Hydrogen-bonding interactions in 5-fluorocytosine-urea (2/1), 5-fluorocytosine-5-fluorocytosinium 3,5-dinitrosalicylate-water (2/1/1) and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine-6-chloronicotinic acid (1/1). Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:30-36. [PMID: 38275159 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Three new compounds, namely, 5-fluorocytosine-urea (2/1), 2C4H4FN3O·CH4N2O, (I), 5-fluorocytosine-5-fluorocytosinium 3,5-dinitrosalicylate-water (2/1/1), 2C4H4FN3O·C4H5FN3O+·C7H2N2O7-·H2O, (II), and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine-6-chloronicotinic acid (1/1), C6H4ClNO2·C5H6ClN3, (III), have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In compound (I), 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) molecules A and B form two different homosynthons [R22(8) ring motif], one formed via N-H...O hydrogen bonds and the second via N-H...N hydrogen bonds. In addition to this interaction, a sequence of fused-ring motifs [R21(6), R33(8), R22(8), R43(10) and R22(8)] are formed, generating a supramolecular ladder-like hydrogen-bonded pattern. In compound (II), 5FC and 5-fluorocytosinium are linked by triple hydrogen bonds, generating two fused-ring motifs [R22(8)]. The neutral 5FC and protonated 5-fluorocytosinum cation form a dimeric synthon [R22(8) ring motif] via N-H...O and N-H...N hydrogen bonds. On either side of the dimeric synthon, the neutral 5FC, 5-fluorocytosinium cation, 3,5-dinitrosalicylate anion and water molecule are hydrogen bonded through N-H...O, N-H...N, N-H...OW and OW-HW...O hydrogen bonds, forming a large ring motif [R1010(56)], leading to a three-dimensional supramolecular network. In compound (III), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (ACP) interacts with the carboxylic acid group of 6-chloronicotinic acid via N-H...O and O-H...O hydrogen bonds, generating an R22(8) primary ring motif. Furthermore, the ACP molecules form a base pair via N-H...N hydrogen bonds. The primary motif and base pair combine to form tetrameric units, which are further connected by Cl...Cl interactions. In addition to this hydrogen-bonding interaction, compounds (I) and (III) are further enriched by π-π stacking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Sangavi
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India), Tiruchirappalli 620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanasamy Kumaraguru
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India), Tiruchirappalli 620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ray J Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Colin D McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, H.L. Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Meena J, Kumaraguru N, Sami Veerappa N, Shin PK, Tatsugi J, Kumar AS, Santhakumar K. Copper oxide nanoparticles fabricated by green chemistry using Tribulus terrestris seed natural extract-photocatalyst and green electrodes for energy storage device. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22499. [PMID: 38110542 PMCID: PMC10728140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology is a unique class of multiphase and recently become a branch of contemporary science and a paradigm shift in material research. One of the two main problems facing the field of nanomaterial synthesis is the discovery of new natural resources for the biological production of metal nanoparticles and the absence of knowledge about the chemical composition of bio-source required for synthesis and the chemical process or mechanism behind the production of metal nanoparticles presents the second difficulty. We reported template-free green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using Tribulus terrestris seed natural extract without any isolation process. XRD, TEM, SEM, UV-Vis, DLS, zeta potential, and BET evaluated the synthesized metal nanoparticle. The TEM analysis confirmed that the CuO NPs are well dispersed and almost round in shape with an average size of 58 nm. EDAX confirms that copper is the prominent metal present in the nanomaterial. The greener fabricated copper oxide nanoparticle was employed to degrade methyl orange dye, almost 84% of methyl orange was degraded within 120 min. The outcomes demonstrated the nanomaterial's effective breakdown of contaminants, highlighting their potential for environmental rehabilitation. The electrochemical investigation of the CuO NPs was utilized for supercapacitor application. An appreciable value of specific capacitance is 369 F/g specific capacitances with 96.4% capacitance retention after 6000 cycles. Overall, the results of the current study show that the biologically produced copper oxide nanoparticles have intriguing uses as photocatalysts for treating water contaminants and are suitable for energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaprakash Meena
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - N Kumaraguru
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College, Tiruchirappalli, 620 023, India
| | - N Sami Veerappa
- Department of Education, Government College of Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641 001, India
| | - Paik-Kyun Shin
- School of Electrical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jiro Tatsugi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
| | - Kannappan Santhakumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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Sangavi M, Kumaraguru N, McMillen CD, Butcher RJ. Supramolecular interactions in some organic hydrated 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium carboxylate and sulfate salts. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:435-442. [PMID: 37746935 DOI: 10.1107/s205322962300829x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Four salts, namely, 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium 6-chloronicotinate dihydrate, C4H8N5+·C6H3ClNO2-·2H2O, (I), 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinediium pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate dihydrate, C4H9N52+·C7H3NO42-·2H2O, (II), 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinediium sulfate monohydrate, C4H9N52+·SO42-·H2O, (III), and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate dihydrate, C4H8N5+·C7H3N2O6-·2H2O, (IV), were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques. Proton transfer from the corresponding acid to the pyrimidine base has occurred in all four crystal structures. Of the four salts, two [(I) and (IV)] exist as monoprotonated bases and two [(II) and (III)] exist as diprotonated bases. In all four crystal structures, the acid interacts with the pyrimidine base through N-H...O hydrogen bonds, generating an R22(8) ring motif. The sulfate group mimics the role of the carboxylate anions. The water molecules present in compounds (I)-(IV) form water-mediated large ring motifs. The formation of water-mediated interactions in these crystal structures can be used as a model in the study of the hydration of nucleobases. Water molecules play an important role in building supramolecular structures. In addition to these strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, some of the crystal structures are further enriched by aromatic π-π stacking interactions [(I) and (II)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Sangavi
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India), Tiruchirappalli 620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanasamy Kumaraguru
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India), Tiruchirappalli 620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Colin D McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, H.L. Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ray J Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Kumaraguru N, Mantegazza C, Köglmeier J. A survey of oral and dental health in children on home parenteral nutrition. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:57-59. [PMID: 26949241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine oral and dental problems in children who are receiving long term intravenous nutrition at home. DESIGN Children who had been at home on parenteral nutrition (PN) for a period of at least 3 months were recruited from the intestinal failure clinic database of a large tertiary nutrition centre. The parents were contacted by email, face to face or telephone and asked to fill in a questionnaire. Information about the PN, enteral nutrition, type of feeding in infancy, weaning, dental and oral problems was collected. Results A total of 35 patients were identified, of which 28 participated in the study. The age of the children ranged from 1-18 years with a median age of 5.5 years. The average duration of PN administration was 4.3 years. Just over half were also orally fed and three quarters had a history of breast and/or bottle feeding in infancy. Around 60% of children reported oral problems including teeth staining (29%), gum infections (11%), teeth decay and delayed dentition (16%). 68% regularly visited the dentist at 2-12 monthly intervals. CONCLUSION In comparison to the general UK paediatric population, oral and dental problems occurred less commonly in our study group of children on HPN, unlike adult patients on intravenous nutrition where poor oral health was much more prominent compared to the general public. However the overall prevalence was similar in the adult and paediatric age group receiving long-term HPN highlighting the need for specific health advice in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kumaraguru
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Division of intestinal Failure and Rehabilitation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London, United Kingdom
| | - C Mantegazza
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Division of intestinal Failure and Rehabilitation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London, United Kingdom
| | - J Köglmeier
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Division of intestinal Failure and Rehabilitation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London, United Kingdom
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Cristofori F, Thapar N, Saliakellis E, Kumaraguru N, Elawad M, Kiparissi F, Köglmeier J, Andrews P, Lindley KJ, Borrelli O. Efficacy of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant in children with cyclical vomiting syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:309-17. [PMID: 24898244 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aprepitant (Emend, Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd, Haarlem, the Netherlands), a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, prevents vomiting in a range of conditions. No data are available on its use in children with cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS). AIM We investigated the efficacy of aprepitant as prophylactic treatment or acute intervention in CVS children refractory to conventional therapies. METHODS Forty-one children (median age: 8 years) fulfilling NASPGHAN criteria treated acutely (RegA) or prophylactically (RegP) with aprepitant were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcome was the clinical response (decrease in frequency and intensity of CVS episodes). Secondary outcomes were: number of CVS episodes/year, number of hospital admissions/year, CVS episode duration, number of vomits/h, symptom-free interval length (days), and school attendance percentage. The follow-up period was 18-60 months. RESULTS Sixteen children received RegP and 25 RegA. One child on RegP stopped treatment due to severe migraine. At 12-months on intention-to-treat analysis, 13 children on RegP (81%) achieved either complete (3/16, 19%) or partial (10/16, 62%) clinical response. On RegA, 19 children (76%) had either complete (3/25, 12%) or partial (16/25, 64%) response (P = 0.8 vs. RegP). In both RegP and RegA, there was a significant decrease in CVS episodes/year, hospital admission number/year, CVS episode length, number of vomits/h, as well as an increase in symptom-free interval duration and school attendance percentage. Side effects were reported only in RegP (5/16, 31%) including hiccough (3/16, 19%), asthenia/fatigue (2/16, 12.5%), increased appetite (2/16, 12.5%), mild headache (1/16, 6%) and severe migraine (1/16, 6%). CONCLUSION Aprepitant appears effective for both acute and prophylactic management of paediatric cyclical vomiting syndrome refractory to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cristofori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Kumaraguru N, Santhakumar K. Synthesis, characterization, critical micelle concentration determination, and antimicrobial studies of some complexes of chromium(III) metallosurfactants. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970903118053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayanasamy Kumaraguru
- a School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannappan Santhakumar
- b Chemistry Division, School of Science and Humanities, Vellore Institute of Technology, VIT University , Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumaraguru N, Santhakumar K. Studies on the Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism of Iron(II) Reduction of the cis-Halogeno(cetylamine)bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Complex Ion in Aqueous Perchlorate Medium. J SOLUTION CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-009-9444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kumaraguru N, Santhakumar K. Studies on Hydrophobic Effect and Micelle Formation of Some Surfactant-Cr(III)-Cetylamine Complexes in Non-aqueous Solvents. J SOLUTION CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-009-9396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kumaraguru N, Arunachalam S, Kumar RS, Periasamy V, Paul CP, Akbarsha M. REMOVED: DNA binding ability and antitumor activities of surfactant-cobalt(III) complexes - Hydrophobic effect. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kumaraguru N, Santhakumar K, Arunachalam S, Arumugham M. Synthesis, characterization and micellization behaviour of some surface active mixed-ligand complexes of cobalt(III). Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Santhakumar K, Kumaraguru N, Arumugham M, Arunachalam S. Metallomicelles of Co(III) coordination complexes – Synthesis, characterization and determination of CMC values. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Santhakumar K, Kumaraguru N, Arunachalam S, Arumugham MN. Kinetics and the Mechanism of Iron(II) Reduction of cis-α-halogeno(cetylamine) (triethylenetetramine)cobalt(III) Complex Ion in Aqueous Acid Medium. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-006-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kumaraguru N, Arunachalam S, Arumugham MN, Santhakumar K. Metallosurfactants of Chromium(III) Coordination Complexes. Synthesis, Characterization and Determination of CMC Values. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-005-6400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Santhakumar K, Kumaraguru N, Arunachalam S, Arumugham MN. Thermodynamics and micellar properties of some surface active cobalt(III) metallosurfactants in nonaqueous medium. INT J CHEM KINET 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Santhakumar K, Kumaraguru N, Arunachalam S, Arumugham MN. Kinetics of Fe(II) reduction ofcis-halogeno(dodecylamine) bis(ethylenediamine)- cobalt(III) complex ion in aqueous solutions. INT J CHEM KINET 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Raja P, Faritha AS, Kumaraguru N, Renganathan R. Free-radical-mediated oxidation of ascorbic acid by peroxomonosulphate. Res Chem Intermed 2003. [DOI: 10.1163/156856703765694336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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