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Hohos NM, Elliott EM, Giornazi A, Silva E, Rice JD, Skaznik-Wikiel ME. High-fat diet induces an ovulatory defect associated with dysregulated endothelin-2 in mice. Reproduction 2021; 161:307-317. [PMID: 33428588 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption in female rodents causes impaired estrous cyclicity, fewer pups per litter, and dysregulation of key ovulatory genes suggesting that HFD-induced subfertility may be due to ovulatory dysfunction. To test this hypothesis female mice were fed chow or HFD for 10 weeks at which point ovulation and ovarian gene expression of endothelin-2 (Edn2), a gene critical for ovulation, were assessed. After 10 weeks of HFD, both mice that remained lean and those that became obese had fewer ovulated oocytes than chow controls (P = 0.041, P = 0.0030, respectively). In chow controls, Edn2 was expressed as expected with basal levels during diestrus and proestrus, increased 11.6-fold during estrus, and decreased to basal levels during metestrus. In HFD mice, Edn2 was dysregulated across the entire estrous cycle as were other Edn2 system components (endothelin converting enzyme 1 (Ece-1), and the endothelin receptors (Ednra, Ednrb)). Interestingly, we found dysregulation of key ovarian steroidogenic genes after HFD. We also found that estradiol treatment in prepubertal mice increased Edn2 expression in the ovary (P = 0.030), suggesting that impaired steroidogenesis may be involved in the HFD-induced dysregulation of ovarian Edn2. In conclusion, HFD leads to ovulatory dysfunction regardless of the development of obesity, which appears to be mediated through dysregulation of ovarian Edn2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily M Elliott
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Asma Giornazi
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elena Silva
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John D Rice
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Hohos NM, Elliott EM, Cho KJ, Lin IS, Rudolph MC, Skaznik-Wikiel ME. High-fat diet-induced dysregulation of ovarian gene expression is restored with chronic omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110615. [PMID: 31628964 PMCID: PMC6878773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes ovarian dysfunction in rodents. Acute dietary treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases oocyte quality and ovarian reserve at advanced reproductive age. We hypothesized that DHA supplementation after HFD exposure reverses HFD-induced ovarian defects. We conducted a dietary intervention with reversal to chow, DHA-supplemented chow, or DHA-supplemented HFD after HFD consumption. After 10 weeks, HFD-fed mice had impaired estrous cyclicity, decreased primordial follicles, and altered ovarian expression of 24 genes compared to chow controls. Diet reversal to either chow or chow + DHA restored estrous cyclicity, however only chow + DHA appeared to mitigated the impact of HFD on ovarian reserve. All dietary interventions restored HFD-dysregulated gene expression to chow levels. We found no association between follicular fluid DHA levels and ovarian reserve. In conclusion our data suggest some benefit of DHA supplementation after HFD, particularly in regards to ovarian gene expression, however complete restoration of ovarian function was not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily M Elliott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kirstin J Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivy S Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Hohos NM, Elliott EM, Monks J, Skaznik-Wikiel ME. High-fat diet leads to increased ovarian lipid deposition even in the absence of obesity. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hohos NM, Cho KJ, Swindle DC, Allshouse AA, Rudolph MC, Skaznik-Wikiel ME. Fat-1 Transgene Is Associated With Improved Reproductive Outcomes. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3981-3992. [PMID: 30403782 PMCID: PMC6260063 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with a variety of health benefits. However, the role of ω-3 PUFAs in female reproductive function is unclear, with studies showing both positive and negative effects. The type of diet that ω-3 fatty acids are consumed with, for example, a balanced diet vs a high-fat diet (HFD), may influence how ω-3 fatty acids affect female reproductive function. To address the role of ω-3 PUFAs in female reproduction, we used the fat-1 mouse both with and without HFD exposure. Fat-1 mice constitutively express the fat-1 transgene, allowing the conversion of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids to yield an optimal tissue ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids (∼1:1). In our study, at 15 weeks of age, fat-1 mice had elevated primordial follicles compared with wild-type controls with both standard chow and HFD feeding. Higher serum levels of the ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were positively associated with primordial follicle numbers, whereas the ratio of the ω-6 arachidonic acid to EPA + DPA + DHA had the opposite effect. Furthermore, fat-1 mice had increased pregnancy rates and shorter time to pregnancy when fed an HFD compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, our novel preclinical model suggests that high tissue levels of long-chain ω-3 PUFAs are associated with an improved ovarian reserve and improved reproductive outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate ω-3 PUFAs as a potential intervention strategy in women with diminished ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kirstin J Cho
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Delaney C Swindle
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amanda A Allshouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health at the University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Correspondence: Malgorzata E. Skaznik-Wikiel, MD, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045. E-mail:
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Hohos NM, Smith AK, Kilaru V, Park HJ, Hausman DB, Bailey LB, Lewis RD, Phillips BG, Meagher RB. CD4 + and CD8 + T-Cell-Specific DNA Cytosine Methylation Differences Associated With Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1312-1321. [PMID: 29956501 PMCID: PMC6107382 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lifestyle factors associated with obesity may alter epigenome-regulated gene expression. Most studies examining epigenetic changes in obesity have analyzed DNA 5´-methylcytosine (5mC) in whole blood, representing a weighted average of several distantly related and regulated leukocyte classes. To examine leukocyte-specific differences associated with obesity, a pilot study examining 5mC in three distinct leukocyte types isolated from peripheral blood of women with normal weight and obesity was conducted. METHODS CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD16+ neutrophils were reiteratively isolated from blood, and 5mC levels were measured across >450,000 CG sites. RESULTS Nineteen CG sites were differentially methylated between women with obesity and with normal weight in CD4+ cells, 16 CG sites in CD8+ cells, and 0 CG sites in CD16+ neutrophils (q < 0.05). There were no common differentially methylated sites between the T-cell types. The amount of visceral adipose tissue was strongly associated with the methylation level of 79 CG sites in CD4+ cells, including 4 CG sites in CLSTN1's promoter, which, this study shows, may regulate its expression. CONCLUSIONS The methylomes of various leukocytes respond differently to obesity and levels of visceral adipose tissue. Highly significant differentially methylated sites in CD4+ and CD8+ cells in women with obesity that have apparent biological relevance to obesity were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Corresponding Author: 120 Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7223
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Physciatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Varun Kilaru
- Physciatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Bradley G Phillips
- Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Hohos NM, Cho KJ, Swindle DC, Skaznik-Wikiel ME. High-fat diet exposure, regardless of induction of obesity, is associated with altered expression of genes critical to normal ovulatory function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 470:199-207. [PMID: 29097167 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) on ovarian gene expression. Female 5-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a 60% HFD or standard chow for 10 weeks. HFD-fed mice were then separated into obese (HF-Ob) and lean (HF-Ln) based on body weight. HFD exposure led to impairment of the estrous cycle, changes in hormones affecting reproduction, and decreased primordial follicles regardless of the development of obesity. RNA-sequencing of whole ovaries identified multiple genes with altered expression after HFD, with 25 genes displaying decreased expression in both HF-Ln and HF-Ob mice compared to the chow-fed controls (q < 0.05). Several of these 25 genes are involved in normal ovarian functions, including ovulation (Edn2, Tnfaip6, Errfi1, Prkg2, and Nfil3), luteinization (Edn2), and luteolysis (Nr4a1). Taken together, elevated dietary fat intake, regardless of obesity, is associated with impaired estrous cycle, depletion of the ovarian reserve, and altered expression of genes critical to normal ovulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kirstin J Cho
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Delaney C Swindle
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Ambati S, Miller CN, Bass EF, Hohos NM, Hartzell DL, Kelso EW, Trunnell ER, Yang JY, Della-Fera MA, Baile CA, Rayalam S. Synergistic Phytochemicals Fail to Protect Against Ovariectomy Induced Bone Loss in Rats. J Med Food 2018; 21:1044-1052. [PMID: 29792544 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause induces a loss of bone as a result of estrogen deficiency. Despite pharmaceutical options for the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis, many aging women use dietary supplements with estrogenic activity to prevent bone loss and other menopausal-related symptoms. Such supplements are yet to be tested for efficacy against a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication for menopausal bone loss such as zoledronic acid (ZA). The postmenopausal rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of various synergistic phytochemical blends mixed into the diet for 16 weeks. Retired-breeder, Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to sham or ovariectomy surgery and 4 treatment groups: ZA; genistein supplementation; and a low dose and high dose blend of genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin. Ovariectomy resulted in a loss of both trabecular and cortical bone which was prevented with ZA. The phytochemical blends tested were unable to reverse these losses. Despite the lack of effectiveness in preventing bone loss, a significant dose-response trend was observed in the phytochemical-rich diets in bone adipocyte number compared to ovariectomized control rats. Data from this study indicate that estrogenic phytochemicals are not as efficacious as ZA in preventing menopausal-related bone loss but may have beneficial effects on bone marrow adiposity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ambati
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Colette N Miller
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA.,2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Erica F Bass
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Natalie M Hohos
- 2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Diane L Hartzell
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Emily W Kelso
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Emily R Trunnell
- 3 Neuroscience Division, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- 2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Mary Anne Della-Fera
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Clifton A Baile
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA.,2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GA Campus-Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine , Suwanee, Georgia , USA
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Park HJ, Bailey LB, Shade DC, Hausman DB, Hohos NM, Meagher RB, Kauwell GPA, Lewis RD, Smith AK. Distinctions in gene-specific changes in DNA methylation in response to folic acid supplementation between women with normal weight and obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:665-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is high among reproductive-age women and is associated with impaired reproductive function. Obesity is multifactorial in origin, yet many cases of obesity result from overconsumption of a diet high in fat. Excess dietary fat increases both adipose and nonadipose tissue lipid content and, through lipotoxicity, leads to cell dysfunction and death. High dietary fat intake, with or without the development of obesity, impairs female hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis functionality and fertility. Based on the current evidence, it appears the reproductive dysfunction involves increased leptin and insulin signaling at the various levels of the HPO axis, as well as changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ actions and increased inflammation, yet other mechanisms may also be involved. This review summarizes the current body of knowledge on impaired female reproductive function after high-fat diet exposure, as well as discusses proposed mechanisms through which this may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Hohos NM, Lee K, Ji L, Yu M, Kandasamy MM, Phillips BG, Baile CA, He C, Schmitz RJ, Meagher RB. DNA cytosine hydroxymethylation levels are distinct among non-overlapping classes of peripheral blood leukocytes. J Immunol Methods 2016; 436:1-15. [PMID: 27164004 PMCID: PMC5131182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood leukocytes are the most commonly used surrogates to study epigenome-induced risk and epigenomic response to disease-related stress. We considered the hypothesis that the various classes of peripheral leukocytes differentially regulate the synthesis of 5-methylcytosine (5mCG) and its removal via Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) dioxygenase catalyzed hydroxymethylation to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmCG), reflecting their responsiveness to environment. Although it is known that reductions in TET1 and/or TET2 activity lead to the over-proliferation of various leukocyte precursors in bone marrow and in development of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and myeloproliferative neoplasms, the role of 5mCG hydroxymethylation in peripheral blood is less well studied. RESULTS We developed simplified protocols to rapidly and reiteratively isolate non-overlapping leukocyte populations from a single small sample of fresh or frozen whole blood. Among peripheral leukocyte types we found extreme variation in the levels of transcripts encoding proteins involved in cytosine methylation (DNMT1, 3A, 3B), the turnover of 5mC by demethylation (TET1, 2, 3), and DNA repair (GADD45A, B, G) and in the global and gene-region-specific levels of DNA 5hmCG (CD4+ T cells≫CD14+ monocytes>CD16+ neutrophils>CD19+ B cells>CD56+ NK cells>Siglec8+ eosinophils>CD8+ T cells). CONCLUSIONS Our data taken together suggest a potential hierarchy of responsiveness among classes of leukocytes with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes being the most distinctly poised for a rapid methylome response to physiological stress and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Lexiang Ji
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Bradley G Phillips
- Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Clifton A Baile
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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