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Wagner T, Levy I, Elbirt D, Shahar E, Olshtain-Pops K, Elinav H, Chowers M, Istomin V, Riesenberg K, Geva D, Zuckerman NS, Wax M, Shirazi R, Gozlan Y, Matus N, Girshengorn S, Marom R, Mendelson E, Mor O, Turner D. Factors Associated with Virological Failure in First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients Diagnosed with HIV-1 between 2010 and 2018 in Israel. Viruses 2023; 15:2439. [PMID: 38140680 PMCID: PMC10748212 DOI: 10.3390/v15122439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the continuous changes in treatment guidelines, virological failure (VF) is still an ongoing concern. The goal of this study was to assess factors related to VF after first-line ART. A longitudinal cohort retrospective study of individuals on first-line ART diagnosed with HIV-1 in 2010-2018 and followed-up for a median of two years was conducted. Demographics, baseline and longitudinal CD4 counts, treatment regimens, adherence and VF were recorded. The Cox proportional hazards regression and mixed models were used. A cohort of 1130 patients were included. Overall, 80% were males and 62% were Israeli-born individuals. Compared to individuals diagnosed in 2010-2014, when treatment was initiated according to CD4 levels, those diagnosed in 2015-2018 were older and had lower baseline CD4 counts. VF was recorded in 66 (5.8%) patients. Diagnosis with CD4 <200 cells/mmᶟ with AIDS-defining conditions (HR = 2.75, 95%CI:1.52-4.97, p < 0.001) and non-integrase strand transfer inhibitor regimens (non-INSTI, HR = 1.80, 95%CI:1.01-3.24, p = 0.047) increased VF risk. No impact of baseline resistance was observed. We concluded that the early detection of HIV-1 infection and usage of INSTI-based regimens are recommended to reduce VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Wagner
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- Infectious Disease Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel
| | - Daniel Elbirt
- Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Braun School of Public Health & Community Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (D.E.); (H.E.)
- Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eduardo Shahar
- Immunology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | | | - Hila Elinav
- Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Braun School of Public Health & Community Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (D.E.); (H.E.)
- Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Michal Chowers
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- Infectious Diseases, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel
| | | | - Klaris Riesenberg
- Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel;
- Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beersheba 84101, Israel
| | - Dikla Geva
- Integristat Ltd., Tel Aviv 69051, Israel;
| | - Neta S. Zuckerman
- National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Marina Wax
- National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Rachel Shirazi
- National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yael Gozlan
- National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natasha Matus
- Ichilov Medical Center, Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (N.M.); (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Shirley Girshengorn
- Ichilov Medical Center, Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (N.M.); (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Rotem Marom
- Ichilov Medical Center, Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (N.M.); (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Orna Mor
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Dan Turner
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- Ichilov Medical Center, Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (N.M.); (S.G.); (R.M.)
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Tau L, Hagin D, Freund T, Halperin T, Adler A, Marom R, Ahsanov S, Matus N, Levi I, Gerber G, Lev S, Ziv-Baran T, Turner D. Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus After 3 Doses of Messenger RNA BNT162b2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine: A Prospective Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad347. [PMID: 37539062 PMCID: PMC10394980 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown good serological and cellular immune responses in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) after receipt of 2 doses of messenger RNAA (mRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine. Data are missing regarding the response after 3 vaccine doses. Methods We followed up a group of PLWH who received 3 doses of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine and for whom data of humoral immune response after 2 vaccine doses were available. Patients provided a blood sample 4-6 months after the booster dose. The aim of the study was to measure the serological and cellular response after the third dose and to evaluate factors associated with the vaccine response. Results Fifty patients have provided a serum sample for serological evaluation after the booster. The anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig) G titers were higher after the booster with a median delta of 3240 arbitrary units/mL. The median CD4+ T-cell count was 660/μL (interquartile range, 515-958/μL) and had no influence on the antibody level. Factors associated with lower delta included higher CD8+ T-cell count (P = .02) and longer time between the third dose and the blood test (P = .01). Higher anti-RBD IgG titer after the second vaccine (P = .03), as well as a longer interval between second and third doses (P = .031) were associated with higher delta. There was no increase in the median number of activated interferon γ+ and tumor necrosis factor α+ CD4+ T cells after the booster (n = 8). Conclusions The anti-RBD IgG level after 3 doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine was higher than the level after 2 doses, suggesting additional value of the booster. Cellular response did not further increase after a booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Tau
- Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Hagin
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Freund
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Halperin
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos Adler
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Marom
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Svetlana Ahsanov
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Natasha Matus
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Levi
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Gerber
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shir Lev
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Dan Turner
- Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Tau L, Turner D, Adler A, Marom R, Ahsanov S, Matus N, Levi I, Gerber G, Lev S, Ziv-Baran T, Hagin D, Freund T, Grupper A, Halperin T. SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of Patients With HIV After Vaccination With BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in the Tel-Aviv Medical Center. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac089. [PMID: 35355894 PMCID: PMC8962679 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about vaccine efficacy and sustainability among people with HIV (PWH). We estimated humoral and cellular immune responses postvaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among PWH in Tel-Aviv Medical Center. Methods The vaccine humoral response was evaluated by measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers of antispike receptor-binding domain antibodies (anti-RBD IgG). Cellular response was assessed by stimulating donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells with pooled complete S-peptide mix. Results One hundred thirty-six PWH who completed 2 doses of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine were tested for anti-RBD IgG and compared with 61 vaccinated health care workers (HCWs). The antibody titers were similar between the groups (median, 118 BAU/mL for PWH and 101.4 BAU/mL for HCWs; P = .231), although the mean time from second vaccine was 4.5 months in PWH and 6.7 months in HCWs (P < .0001). Longer time from second vaccine dose was associated with decreased antibody level, as were CD4 counts <300 cells/µL compared with higher CD4 counts (25.1 BAU/mL vs 119.3 BAU/mL, respectively; P = .047). There was no difference in cellular immune response between vaccinated PWH, convalescent unvaccinated PWH, and vaccinated HCWs. Conclusions The humoral immune response of PWH was comparable to that of HCWs after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Cellular immune response did not differ between vaccinated PWH, convalescent PWH, and vaccinated HCWs. PWH with CD4 counts <300 cells/µL (n = 9) had lower antibody titers compared with patients with counts >300 cells/µL (n = 127).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Tau
- Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Turner
- Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos Adler
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Marom
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Svetlana Ahsanov
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Natasha Matus
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Levi
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Gerber
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shir Lev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Hagin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Freund
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Grupper
- Nephrology Unit, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Halperin
- Microbiological Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Wagner T, Zuckerman NS, Halperin T, Chemtob D, Levy I, Elbirt D, Shachar E, Olshtain-Pops K, Elinav H, Chowers M, Itsomin V, Riesenberg K, Wax M, Shirazi R, Gozlan Y, Matus N, Girshengorn S, Marom R, Mendelson E, Turner D, Mor O. Epidemiology and Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Treatment-Naïve Individuals in Israel, 2010-2018. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010071. [PMID: 35062274 PMCID: PMC8779053 DOI: 10.3390/v14010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the low prevalence of HIV-1 in Israel, continuous waves of immigration may have impacted the local epidemic. We characterized all people diagnosed with HIV-1 in Israel in 2010–2018. The demographics and clinical data of all individuals (n = 3639) newly diagnosed with HIV-1 were retrieved. Subtypes, transmitted drug-resistance mutations (TDRM), and phylogenetic relations, were determined in >50% of them. In 39.1%, HIV-1 transmission was through heterosexual contact; 34.3% were men who have sex with men (MSM); and 10.4% were people who inject drugs. Many (>65%) were immigrants. Israeli-born individuals were mostly (78.3%) MSM, whereas only 9% of those born in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EEU/CA), were MSM. The proportion of individuals from SSA decreased through the years 2010–2018 (21.1% in 2010–2012; 16.8% in 2016–2018) whereas those from EEU/CA increased significantly (21% in 2010–2012; 27.8% in 2016–2018, p < 0.001). TDRM were identified in 12.1%; 3.7, 3.3 and 6.6% had protease inhibitors (PI), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) TDRM, respectively, with the overall proportion remaining stable in the studied years. None had integrase TDRM. Subtype B was present in 43.9%, subtype A in 25.2% (A6 in 22.8 and A1 in 2.4%) and subtype C in 17.1% of individuals. Most MSM had subtype B. Subtype C carriers formed small clusters (with one unexpected MSM cluster), A1 formed a cluster mainly of locally-born patients with NNRTI mutations, and A6 formed a looser cluster of individuals mainly from EEU. Israelis, <50 years old, carrying A1, had the highest risk for having TDRM. In conclusion, an increase in immigrants from EEU/CA and a decrease in those from SSA characterized the HIV-1 epidemic in 2010–2018. Baseline resistance testing should still be recommended to identify TDRM, and improve surveillance and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Wagner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Neta S. Zuckerman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Tami Halperin
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (T.H.); (N.M.); (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniel Chemtob
- Faculty of Medicine, Braun School of Public Health & Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (D.C.); (D.E.); (H.E.)
- Tuberculosis and AIDS Department, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Infectious Disease Unit, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel
| | - Daniel Elbirt
- Faculty of Medicine, Braun School of Public Health & Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (D.C.); (D.E.); (H.E.)
- Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eduardo Shachar
- Immunology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | | | - Hila Elinav
- Faculty of Medicine, Braun School of Public Health & Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (D.C.); (D.E.); (H.E.)
- Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Michal Chowers
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- Infectious Diseases, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel
| | | | - Klaris Riesenberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Soroka Medical Center, Infectious Disease Institute, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Marina Wax
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Rachel Shirazi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yael Gozlan
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natasha Matus
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (T.H.); (N.M.); (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Shirley Girshengorn
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (T.H.); (N.M.); (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Rotem Marom
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (T.H.); (N.M.); (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Dan Turner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (T.H.); (N.M.); (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Orna Mor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (T.W.); (I.L.); (M.C.); (E.M.); (D.T.)
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, National HIV-1 and Viral Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel; (N.S.Z.); (M.W.); (R.S.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-530-2458
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Turner D, Amit S, Chalom S, Penn O, Pupko T, Katchman E, Matus N, Tellio H, Katzir M, Avidor B. Emergence of an HIV-1 cluster harbouring the major protease L90M mutation among treatment-naïve patients in Tel Aviv, Israel. HIV Med 2011; 13:202-6. [PMID: 22093289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs) among HIV-1 treatment-naïve patients have increased in recent years. Their incidence and prevalence in various exposure risk categories (ERCs) were evaluated. DESIGN Plasma samples of HIV-1 treatment-naïve patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2009 at the Tel Aviv Medical Center were screened for DRMs. METHODS Samples obtained from patients following the HIV diagnosis were analysed retrospectively. Genotyping was carried out using the Trugene HIV-1 genotype kit (Siemens, Berkeley, CA, USA). Phylogenetic relationships among viral sequences were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. RESULTS Thirty-eight of the 266 analysed sequences (14.3%) had DRMs, all occurring exclusively in the group of men who have sex with men (MSM). The rate of DRMs has constantly risen, reaching a peak of 21.9% in 2009. Notably, protease inhibitor (PI) DRMs became the most frequent DRMs in 2009. Phylogenetic analysis showed a tight cluster comprising 13 of 14 viruses harbouring the L90M major PI resistance mutation, suggesting a single infection source. CONCLUSION There was an unexpectedly high rate of the major L90M PI resistance mutation in the MSM group. The clustered transmission of this mutation might be related to a high-risk sexual behaviour. Added to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, such a PI mutation may limit future therapeutic options for this particular patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turner
- Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Turner D, Shahar E, Katchman E, Kedem E, Matus N, Katzir M, Hassoun G, Pollack S, Kessner R, Wainberg MA, Avidor B. Prevalence of the K65R resistance reverse transcriptase mutation in different HIV-1 subtypes in Israel. J Med Virol 2009; 81:1509-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tamayo R, Matus N, Montes L, Cristi R. [Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk samples collected in 3 provinces of the Tenth Region, Chile. 1990]. Rev Med Chil 1994; 122:746-53. [PMID: 7732223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PCBs were detected using gas liquid chromatography in 540 human milk samples coming from 180 mothers living in three provinces of the Southern Region of Chile, collected in three different stages of lactation. Samples coming from 33 women (18.3%) had PCBs residues, with a median level of 1.28 (range 0.09-84.83) ppm (milk fat basis). Ten of these women delivered to their offspring more than 0.01 mg of PCB/kg body weight/day, level considered hazardous to child health. PCB levels tended to increase toward the third sampling stage. These levels were not related to women's age but primiparae had higher levels than multiparae. It is concluded that a surveillance system in biological samples is necessary to oversee PCB levels in different regions of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tamayo
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia
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Matus N, Beutler EB. REFERENCE UPDATE and REFERENCE MANAGER: personal computer programs for locating and managing references. Biotechniques 1989; 7:636-9. [PMID: 2698652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
REFERENCE UPDATE (a trademark of Research Information Systems, Inc.) is a diskette-based service which provides subscribers with a weekly update on the latest publications in biology and medicine. REFERENCE MANAGER (a registered trademark of Research Information Systems, Inc.) is a microcomputer-based software package developed to manage selected references for quick retrieval and bibliography generation. These two systems allow scientists to build and update a personalized data base of references. The following article gives an overview of REFERENCE UPDATE and REFERENCE MANAGER and provides a description of the various functions each system offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matus
- Research Information Systems, Inc., Encinitas, CA 92024
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