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Denton N, Mulberg AE, Molloy M, Charleston S, Fajgenbaum DC, Marsh ED, Howard P. Correction to: Sharing is caring: a call for a new era of rare disease research and development. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:15. [PMID: 36691034 PMCID: PMC9872338 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Denton
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Monique Molloy
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Samantha Charleston
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - David C. Fajgenbaum
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Translational Medicine & Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Eric D. Marsh
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Paul Howard
- grid.427771.00000 0004 0619 7027Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Denton N, Mulberg AE, Molloy M, Charleston S, Fajgenbaum DC, Marsh ED, Howard P. Sharing is caring: a call for a new era of rare disease research and development. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:389. [PMID: 36303170 PMCID: PMC9612604 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific advances in the understanding of the genetics and mechanisms of many rare diseases with previously unknown etiologies are inspiring optimism in the patient, clinical, and research communities and there is hope that disease-specific treatments are on the way. However, the rare disease community has reached a critical point in which its increasingly fragmented structure and operating models are threatening its ability to harness the full potential of advancing genomic and computational technologies. Changes are therefore needed to overcome these issues plaguing many rare diseases while also supporting economically viable therapy development. In "Data silos are undermining drug development and failing rare disease patients (Orphanet Journal of Rare Disease, Apr 2021)," we outlined many of the broad issues underpinning the increasingly fragmented and siloed nature of the rare disease space, as well as how the issues encountered by this community are representative of biomedical research more generally. Here, we propose several initiatives for key stakeholders - including regulators, private and public foundations, and research institutions - to reorient the rare disease ecosystem and its incentives in a way that we believe would cultivate and accelerate innovation. Specifically, we propose supporting non-proprietary patient registries, greater data standardization, global regulatory harmonization, and new business models that encourage data sharing and research collaboration as the default mode. Leadership needs to be integrated across sectors to drive meaningful change between patients, industry, sponsors, and academic medical centers. To transform the research and development landscape and unlock its vast healthcare, economic, and scientific potential for rare disease patients, a new model is ultimately the goal for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Denton
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.427771.00000 0004 0619 7027Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Monique Molloy
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Samantha Charleston
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - David C. Fajgenbaum
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Translational Medicine & Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA 19104 USA
| | - Eric D. Marsh
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.427771.00000 0004 0619 7027Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Paul Howard
- grid.427771.00000 0004 0619 7027Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Kuo FC, Neville MJ, Sabaratnam R, Wesolowska-Andersen A, Phillips D, Wittemans LBL, van Dam AD, Loh NY, Todorčević M, Denton N, Kentistou KA, Joshi PK, Christodoulides C, Langenberg C, Collas P, Karpe F, Pinnick KE. HOTAIR interacts with PRC2 complex regulating the regional preadipocyte transcriptome and human fat distribution. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111136. [PMID: 35905723 PMCID: PMC10073411 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms governing regional human adipose tissue (AT) development remain undefined. Here, we show that the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA) is exclusively expressed in gluteofemoral AT, where it is essential for adipocyte development. We find that HOTAIR interacts with polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and we identify core HOTAIR-PRC2 target genes involved in adipocyte lineage determination. Repression of target genes coincides with PRC2 promoter occupancy and H3K27 trimethylation. HOTAIR is also involved in modifying the gluteal adipocyte transcriptome through alternative splicing. Gluteal-specific expression of HOTAIR is maintained by defined regions of open chromatin across the HOTAIR promoter. HOTAIR expression levels can be modified by hormonal (estrogen, glucocorticoids) and genetic variation (rs1443512 is a HOTAIR eQTL associated with reduced gynoid fat mass). These data identify HOTAIR as a dynamic regulator of the gluteal adipocyte transcriptome and epigenome with functional importance for human regional AT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chih Kuo
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Daniel Phillips
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Laura B L Wittemans
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; The Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nellie Y Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Marijana Todorčević
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nathan Denton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK.
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Denton N, Molloy M, Charleston S, Lipset C, Hirsch J, Mulberg AE, Howard P, Marsh ED. Data silos are undermining drug development and failing rare disease patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:161. [PMID: 33827602 PMCID: PMC8025897 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Data silos are proliferating while research and development activity explode following genetic and immunological advances for many clinically described disorders with previously unknown etiologies. The latter event has inspired optimism in the patient, clinical, and research communities that disease-specific treatments are on the way. However, we fear the tendency of various stakeholders to balkanize databases in proprietary formats, driven by current economic and academic incentives, will inevitably fragment the expanding knowledge base and undermine current and future research efforts to develop much-needed treatments. The proliferation of proprietary databases, compounded by a paucity of meaningful outcome measures and/or good natural history data, slows our ability to generate scalable solutions to benefit chronically underserved patient populations in ways that would translate to more common diseases. The current research and development landscape sets too many projects up for unnecessary failure, particularly in the rare disease sphere, and does a grave disservice to highly vulnerable patients. This system also encourages the collection of redundant data in uncoordinated parallel studies and registries to ultimately delay or deny potential treatments for ostensibly tractable diseases; it also promotes the waste of precious time, energy, and resources. Groups at the National Institutes of Health and Food and Drug Administration have started programs to address these issues. However, we and many others feel there should be significantly more discussion of how to coordinate and scale registry efforts. Such discourse aims to reduce needless complexity and duplication of efforts, as well as promote a pre-competitive knowledge ecosystem for rare disease drug development that cultivates and accelerates innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Denton
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Monique Molloy
- Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samantha Charleston
- Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Hirsch
- Syapse, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Bios Ventures, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Howard
- Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Denton N, Molloy M, Charleston S, Lipset C, Hirsch J, Mulberg AE, Howard P, Marsh ED. Data silos are undermining drug development and failing rare disease patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021. [PMID: 33827602 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01806-4)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Data silos are proliferating while research and development activity explode following genetic and immunological advances for many clinically described disorders with previously unknown etiologies. The latter event has inspired optimism in the patient, clinical, and research communities that disease-specific treatments are on the way. However, we fear the tendency of various stakeholders to balkanize databases in proprietary formats, driven by current economic and academic incentives, will inevitably fragment the expanding knowledge base and undermine current and future research efforts to develop much-needed treatments. The proliferation of proprietary databases, compounded by a paucity of meaningful outcome measures and/or good natural history data, slows our ability to generate scalable solutions to benefit chronically underserved patient populations in ways that would translate to more common diseases. The current research and development landscape sets too many projects up for unnecessary failure, particularly in the rare disease sphere, and does a grave disservice to highly vulnerable patients. This system also encourages the collection of redundant data in uncoordinated parallel studies and registries to ultimately delay or deny potential treatments for ostensibly tractable diseases; it also promotes the waste of precious time, energy, and resources. Groups at the National Institutes of Health and Food and Drug Administration have started programs to address these issues. However, we and many others feel there should be significantly more discussion of how to coordinate and scale registry efforts. Such discourse aims to reduce needless complexity and duplication of efforts, as well as promote a pre-competitive knowledge ecosystem for rare disease drug development that cultivates and accelerates innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Denton
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Monique Molloy
- Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samantha Charleston
- Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Hirsch
- Syapse, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bios Ventures, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Howard
- Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Hordeaux J, Buza EL, Dyer C, Goode T, Mitchell TW, Richman L, Denton N, Hinderer C, Katz N, Schmid R, Miller R, Choudhury GR, Horiuchi M, Nambiar K, Yan H, Li M, Wilson JM. Adeno-Associated Virus-Induced Dorsal Root Ganglion Pathology. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:808-818. [PMID: 32845779 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to nonhuman primates (NHP) via the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can lead to dorsal root ganglion (DRG) pathology. The pathology is minimal to moderate in most cases; clinically silent in affected animals; and characterized by mononuclear cell infiltrates, neuronal degeneration, and secondary axonopathy of central and peripheral axons on histopathological analysis. We aggregated data from 33 nonclinical studies in 256 NHP and performed a meta-analysis of the severity of DRG pathology to compare different routes of administration, dose, time course, study conduct, age of the animals, sex, capsid, promoter, capsid purification method, and transgene. DRG pathology was observed in 83% of NHP that were administered AAV through the CSF, and 32% of NHP that received an intravenous (IV) injection. We show that dose and age at injection significantly affected the severity whereas sex had no impact. DRG pathology was minimal at acute time points (i.e., <14 days), similar from one to 5 months post-injection, and was less severe after 6 months. Vector purification method had no impact, and all capsids and promoters that we tested resulted in some DRG pathology. The data presented here from five different capsids, five different promoters, and 20 different transgenes suggest that DRG pathology is almost universal after AAV gene therapy in nonclinical studies using NHP. None of the animals receiving a therapeutic transgene displayed any clinical signs. Incorporation of sensitive techniques such as nerve-conduction velocity testing can show alterations in a minority of animals that correlate with the severity of peripheral nerve axonopathy. Monitoring sensory neuropathies in human central nervous system and high-dose IV clinical studies seems prudent to determine the functional consequences of DRG pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Hordeaux
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Buza
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cecilia Dyer
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tamara Goode
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas W Mitchell
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Richman
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Denton
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christian Hinderer
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Katz
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ralf Schmid
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rod Miller
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gourav R Choudhury
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Makoto Horiuchi
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kalyani Nambiar
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hanying Yan
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Denton N, Pinnick KE, Karpe F. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is differentially expressed in human subcutaneous adipose tissue and regulates adipogenesis. Mol Metab 2018; 16:172-179. [PMID: 30100245 PMCID: PMC6157646 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) impacts adipocyte function and might determine adipose tissue (AT) function and distribution. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a matricellular protein usually studied in bone and cartilage, is highly differentially expressed between subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal AT. This study aimed to explore COMP's role in human subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal AT and preadipocyte biology. Methods COMP mRNA levels were measured in whole AT and immortalised preadipocytes via quantitative (q)-PCR. Tissue and cellular COMP protein were measured via Western blot and immunohistochemistry; plasma COMP was measured by ELISA. The effect of COMP on adipogenesis in immortalised preadipocytes was evaluated by qPCR of adipogenic markers and cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. Results qPCR analysis of paired subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal AT biopsies (n = 190) across a range of BMI (20.7–45.5 kg/m2) indicated ∼3-fold higher COMP expression in gluteal AT (P = 1.7 × 10−31); protein levels mirrored this. Immunohistochemistry indicated COMP was abundant in gluteal AT ECM and co-localised with collagen-1. AT COMP mRNA levels and circulating COMP protein levels were positively associated with BMI/adiposity but unrelated to AT distribution. COMP expression changed dynamically during adipogenesis (time × depot, P = 0.01). Supplementation of adipogenic medium with exogenous COMP protein (500 ng/ml) increased PPARG2 expression ∼1.5-fold (P = 0.0003) and TAG accumulation ∼1.25-fold in abdominal and gluteal preadipocytes (P = 0.02). Conclusions We confirmed that COMP is an ECM protein which is differentially expressed between subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal AT. Despite its depot-specific expression pattern, however, AT COMP mRNA levels and plasma COMP concentration correlated positively with overall obesity but not body fat distribution. Exogenous COMP enhanced adipogenesis. These data identify COMP as a novel regulator of AT and highlight the importance of the ECM to AT biology. COMP is a matricellular protein which is abundant in bone and cartilage. COMP is differentially expressed between subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal AT. COMP expression was positively correlated with overall AT mass but not distribution. COMP promoted adipogenesis in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal preadipocytes. COMP represents a novel regulator of AT biology that resides in the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Denton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Denton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; University of Oxford UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; University of Oxford UK
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Pinnick KE, Nicholson G, Manolopoulos KN, McQuaid SE, Valet P, Frayn KN, Denton N, Min JL, Zondervan KT, Fleckner J, McCarthy MI, Holmes CC, Karpe F. Distinct developmental profile of lower-body adipose tissue defines resistance against obesity-associated metabolic complications. Diabetes 2014; 63:3785-97. [PMID: 24947352 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Upper- and lower-body fat depots exhibit opposing associations with obesity-related metabolic disease. We defined the relationship between DEXA-quantified fat depots and diabetes/cardiovascular risk factors in a healthy population-based cohort (n = 3,399). Gynoid fat mass correlated negatively with insulin resistance after total fat mass adjustment, whereas the opposite was seen for abdominal fat. Paired transcriptomic analysis of gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (GSAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) was performed across the BMI spectrum (n = 49; 21.4-45.5 kg/m(2)). In both depots, energy-generating metabolic genes were negatively associated and inflammatory genes were positively associated with obesity. However, associations were significantly weaker in GSAT. At the systemic level, arteriovenous release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (n = 34) was lower from GSAT than ASAT. Isolated preadipocytes retained a depot-specific transcriptional "memory" of embryonic developmental genes and exhibited differential promoter DNA methylation of selected genes (HOTAIR, TBX5) between GSAT and ASAT. Short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing identified TBX5 as a regulator of preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in ASAT. In conclusion, intrinsic differences in the expression of developmental genes in regional adipocytes provide a mechanistic basis for diversity in adipose tissue (AT) function. The less inflammatory nature of lower-body AT offers insight into the opposing metabolic disease risk associations between upper- and lower-body obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - George Nicholson
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Medical Research Council Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, U.K
| | | | - Siobhán E McQuaid
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut des Maladies Metaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM-Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Keith N Frayn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Nathan Denton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Josine L Min
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jan Fleckner
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, U.K
| | - Chris C Holmes
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, U.K
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