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Kadian LK, Verma D, Lohani N, Yadav R, Ranga S, Gulshan G, Pal S, Kumari K, Chauhan SS. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer: multifaceted roles and potential targets for immunotherapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04933-1. [PMID: 38413478 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major global health concern with high mortality rates mainly due to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of gene expression in human cancer, functioning through various mechanisms including as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and indirectly regulating miRNA expression. LncRNAs have been found to have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles in cancer, with the former promoting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and poor prognosis. Recent research has shown that lncRNAs are expressed in various immune cells and are involved in cancer cell immune escape and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, thus highlighting their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Targeting lncRNAs in cancer or immune cells could enhance the anti-tumor immune response and improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes. However, further research is required to fully understand the functional roles of lncRNAs in cancer and the immune system and their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in human cancers, with a focus on their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion, we provide insights into the diverse therapeutic applications of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Kadian
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Dept of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Deepika Verma
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neelam Lohani
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Dept of Genetics, MD University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Dept of Genetics, MD University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Gulshan Gulshan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanghapriya Pal
- Dept of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Kiran Kumari
- Dept of Forensic Science, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Lohani N, Rajeswari MR. Antigene and Antiproliferative Effects of Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotide (TFO) Targeted on hmgb1 Gene in Human Hepatoma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1943-1955. [PMID: 32560618 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200619170438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) is one of the frequently over-expressed genes whose aberrant expression is reported in a number of human cancers. Various strategies are underway to inhibit hmgb1 expression in cancer cells having considerable therapeutic value. OBJECTIVE The present work involves selective transcriptional inhibition of the hmgb1 gene using selective DNA triplex structure-based gene technology. Here, the promoter region of the hmgb1 gene at position (-183 to -165) from the transcription start site as a target was selected using bioinformatic tools. METHODS The DNA triplex formation by the DNA of the target gene and TFO was confirmed using UV absorption spectroscopy, Circular Dichroism, and Isothermal Calorimetry. RESULTS Treatment of HepG2 cell with specific Triplex-forming Oligonucleotide significantly downregulated HMGB1 expression level at mRNA and protein levels by 50%, while the classical anticancer drugs, actinomycin/ adriamycin as positive controls showed 65% and the combination of TFO and drug decreased by 70%. The anti-proliferative effects of TFO correlated well with the fact of accumulation of cells in the Go phase and apoptotic cell death. Further, the binding of anti-cancer drugs to hmgb1 is stronger in DNA triplex state as compared to hmgb1 alone, suggesting the combination therapy as a better option. CONCLUSION Therefore, the ability of hmgb1 targeted triplex-forming oligonucleotide in combination with triplex selective anticancer drug holds promise in the treatment of malignancies associated with hmgb1 overexpression. The result obtained may open up new vistas to provide a basis for the rational drug design and searching for high-affinity ligands with a high triplex selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Lohani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Moganty R Rajeswari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Lohani N, Bhargava N, Munshi A, Ramalingam S. Pharmacological and molecular approaches for the treatment of β-hemoglobin disorders. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4563-4577. [PMID: 29159826 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β-hemoglobin disorders, such as β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are among the most prevalent inherited genetic disorders worldwide. These disorders are caused by mutations in the gene encoding hemoglobin-β (HBB), a vital protein found in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen from lungs to all parts of the human body. As a consequence, there has been an enduring interest in this field in formulating therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, there is no cure available for hemoglobin disorders, although, some patients have been treated with bone marrow transplantation, whose scope is limited because of the difficulty in finding a histocompatible donor and also due to transplant-associated clinical complications that can arise during the treatment. On account of these constraints, reactivation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis holds immense promise and is a viable strategy to alleviate the symptoms of β-hemoglobin disorders. Development of new genomic tools has led to the identification of important natural genetic modifiers of hemoglobin switching which include BCL11A, KLF1, HBSIL-MYB, LRF, LSD1, LDB1, histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1 and HDAC2). miRNAs are also promising therapeutic targets for development of more effective strategies for the induction of HbF production. Many new small molecule pharmacological inducers of HbF production are already under pre-clinical and clinical development. Furthermore, recent advancements in gene and cell therapy includes targeted genome editing and iPS cell technologies, both of which utilizes a patient's own cells, are emerging as extremely promising approaches for significantly reducing the burden of β-hemoglobin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Lohani
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nupur Bhargava
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Lohani N, Singh HN, Rajeswari MR. Assessment of binding properties of Actinomycin-D to 21nt DNA segment of hmgb1 gene promoter using spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 36:504-511. [PMID: 28033959 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1278037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Lohani
- a Department of Biochemistry , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Himanshu Narayan Singh
- a Department of Biochemistry , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Moganty R Rajeswari
- a Department of Biochemistry , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
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Lohani N, R. Rajeswari M. Dichotomous Life of DNA Binding High Mobility Group Box1 Protein in Human Health and Disease. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2016; 17:762-775. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160226145217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ray B, Agarwal S, Lohani N, Rajeswari MR, Mehrotra R. Structural, conformational and thermodynamic aspects of groove-directed-intercalation of flavopiridol into DNA. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:2518-35. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1118708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Ray
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shweta Agarwal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Neelam Lohani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Moganty R. Rajeswari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ranjana Mehrotra
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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Lohani N, Rajeswari MR. Preferential binding of anticancer drugs to triplex DNA compared to duplex DNA: a spectroscopic and calorimetric study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding study of adriamycin and actinomycin to triplex DNA formed on the promoter region of hmgb1 gene using spectroscopic and calorimetric technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Lohani
- Department of Biochemistry
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi
- India
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Lohani N, Narayan Singh H, Agarwal S, Mehrotra R, Rajeswari MR. Interaction of adriamycin with a regulatory element ofhmgb1: spectroscopic and calorimetric approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1612-23. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.967301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Agarwal S, Jangir DK, Mehrotra R, Lohani N, Rajeswari MR. A structural insight into major groove directed binding of nitrosourea derivative nimustine with DNA: a spectroscopic study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104115. [PMID: 25101667 PMCID: PMC4125164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrosourea therapeutics occupies a definite place in cancer therapy but its exact mechanism of action has yet to be established. Nimustine, a chloroethyl nitrosourea derivative, is used to treat various types of malignancy including gliomas. The present work focuses on the understanding of nimustine interaction with DNA to delineate its mechanism at molecular level. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) has been used to determine the binding sites of nimustine on DNA. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy has been used to confirm conformational variations in DNA molecule upon nimustine-DNA interaction. Thermodynamic parameters of nimustine-DNA reaction have been calculated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Results of the present study demonstrate that nimustine is not a simple alkylating agent rather it causes major grove-directed-alkylation. Spectroscopic data suggest binding of nimustine with nitrogenous bases guanine (C6 = O6) and thymine (C4 = O4) in DNA major groove. CD spectra of nimustine-DNA complexes point toward the perturbation of native B-conformation of DNA and its partial transition into C-form. Thermodynamically, nimustine-DNA interaction is an entropy driven endothermic reaction, which suggests hydrophobic interaction of nimustine in DNA-major groove pocket. Spectral results suggest base binding and local conformational changes in DNA upon nimustine interaction. Investigation of drug-DNA interaction is an essential part of rational drug designing that also provides information about the drug's action at molecular level. Results, demonstrated here, may contribute in the development of new nitrosourea therapeutics with better efficacy and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Agarwal
- Quantum Optics and Photon Physics, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jangir
- Quantum Optics and Photon Physics, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjana Mehrotra
- Quantum Optics and Photon Physics, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Neelam Lohani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M. R. Rajeswari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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