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Abdalla MM, Bijle MN, Abdallah NMA, Yiu CKY. Enamel remineralization potential and antimicrobial effect of a fluoride varnish containing calcium strontium silicate. J Dent 2023; 138:104731. [PMID: 37777085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate enamel remineralization and antimicrobial effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish containing calcium strontium silicate (CSR). METHODS CSR was synthesized by sol-gel process and incorporated in 5 % NaF varnish at three different concentrations (1 %, 2 %, and 4 % w/v). The treatment/control groups were: 1 % CSR+NaF, 2 % CSR+NaF, 4 % CSR+NaF, NaF, and no treatment. Strontium and fluoride release from the varnishes was evaluated. Sound enamel specimens (n = 6) were demineralized, varnish-treated, and subjected to remineralization cycle. Mineral density of enamel specimens was evaluated using micro-CT. Antimicrobial effect of the varnishes on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilms was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The HGF-1 cytotoxicity of the varnishes was examined using CCK-8 assay. RESULTS Both 2 % and 4 % CSR+NaF varnishes showed significantly higher F release and remineralization potential than NaF varnish (p < 0.05). Dead bacterial proportion of 4 % CSR+NaF varnish was significantly higher than NaF varnish (p < 0.05). The CFUs values of both S. mutans and L. acidophilus were significantly lower in 4 % CSR+NaF group than NaF group (p < 0.05). No significant difference in cell viability was observed among the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of 4 % CSR in a NaF varnish significantly enhanced its enamel remineralization and antimicrobial potential with no cytotoxic effect. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental caries is a major public health problem globally. The study highlights the great potential of CSR-doped NaF varnish as a novel anti-caries agent with synergistic remineralizing and antimicrobial properties to combat early enamel caries lesions in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China; Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Nadeem Bijle
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nermeen M A Abdallah
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China.
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Elbadri SA, Abdallah NMA, El-Shokry M, Gaber A, Elsayed MK. Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene locus and clinical severity of COVID-19. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 2022; 23:125. [PMID: 37521828 PMCID: PMC9395935 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating pandemic-causing disease with a variable severity among populations. Genetic studies have pinpointed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key enzyme for viral entry, for its possible linkage to the disease progression. The present study aimed to investigate the potential association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of human ACE2 gene with the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 for better patient management. Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, COVID-19 confirmed patients were classified into moderate and severe cases according to the "Ain Shams University Hospitals Pocket Guide for COVID-19 Diagnosis." Genetic analysis of ACE2 SNP rs2048683 was carried out using a TaqMan assay with the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results Among 90 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 78.9% (71/90) were classified as severe, and 21.1% (19/90) were classified as moderate. Laboratory biomarkers were significantly (P = 0.000) higher in the severe group than in the moderate group. Similarly, associated comorbidities such as hypertension were significant (P = 0.000) in the severe group, whereas asthma and deep venous thrombosis were significant in the moderate group (P = 0.007 and 0.006, respectively). Elevated serum ferritin level (odds ratio (OR) 162.589, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.108-3260.293) and ACE2 rs2048683 genotype GG/G (OR 5.852, 95% CI 1.586-21.591) were both considered independent risk factors for severe disease. Conclusion The findings of the present study provide preliminary evidence of an association between ACE2 rs2048683 SNPs and COVID-19 severity in the Egyptian population, which may inform the need for targeted management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43042-022-00331-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A. Elbadri
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M. A. Abdallah
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona El-Shokry
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Gaber
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Kh. Elsayed
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bejaoui Y, Witte M, Abdelhady M, Eldarouti M, Abdallah NMA, Elghzaly AA, Tawhid Z, Gaballah MA, Busch H, Munz M, Wendorff M, Ellinghaus E, Franke A, Ibrahim SM. Genome-wide association study of psoriasis in an Egyptian population. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:623-627. [PMID: 30921485 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin, with genetic factors reportedly involved in the disease pathogenesis. Numerous studies reported psoriasis candidate genes. However, these tend to involve mostly in the European and Asian populations. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in an Egyptian population, identifying susceptibility variants for psoriasis using a two-stage case-control design. In the first discovery stage, we carried out a genome-wide association analysis using the Infinium® Global Screening Array-24 v1.0, on 253 cases and 449 control samples of Egyptian descent. In the second replication stage, 26 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for replication in additional 321 cases and 253 controls. In concordance with the findings from previous studies on other populations, we found a genome-wide significant association between the MHC locus and the disease at rs12199223 (Pcomb = 6.57 × 10-18 ) and rs1265181 (Pcomb = 1.03 × 10-10 ). Additionally, we identified a novel significant association with the disease at locus, 4q32.1 (rs12650590, Pcomb = 4.49 × 10-08 ) in the vicinity of gene GUCY1A3, and multiple suggestive associations, for example rs10832027 (Pcomb = 7.28 × 10-06 ) and rs3770019 (Pcomb = 1.02 × 10-05 ). This proposes the existence of important interethnic genetic differences in psoriasis susceptibility. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the downstream pathways of the new candidate loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Bejaoui
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Witte
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Department Dermatology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Eldarouti
- Faculty of Medicine, Department Dermatology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M A Abdallah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Antar Elghzaly
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ziyad Tawhid
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Ali Gaballah
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology, Andrology and STD Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Wendorff
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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