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Syrett M, Reed NR, Reed WR, Richey ML, Frolov A, Little JW. Sex-Related Pain Behavioral Differences following Unilateral NGF Injections in a Rat Model of Low Back Pain. Biology 2022; 11:biology11060924. [PMID: 35741445 PMCID: PMC9219698 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a globally prevalent and costly societal problem with multifactorial etiologies and incompletely understood pathophysiological mechanisms. To address such shortcomings regarding the role of neurotrophins in the underlying mechanisms of pain, an LBP model was developed in rats involving two unilateral intramuscular injections of nerve growth factor (NGF) into deep trunk muscles. To date, behavioral investigations of this NGF-LBP model have been limited, especially as it pertains to female pain behaviors. This study compared mechanical sensitivity to noxious (hyperalgesia) and non-noxious (hypersensitivity) stimuli in control and NGF-injected male and female rats through pain resolution. Although the baseline testing revealed no differences between males and females, NGF-injected females demonstrated prolonged ipsilateral deep trunk mechanical hyperalgesia that resolved seven days later than males. Moreover, females showed bilateral trunk mechanical sensitivity to noxious and non-noxious stimuli compared to only ipsilateral behaviors in males. Sex differences were also observed in the severity of behavioral responses, with females displaying greater mean differences from baseline at several timepoints. Overall, these NGF-LBP behavioral findings mirror some of the sex differences reported in the clinical presentation of LBP and accentuate the translatability of this NGF-LBP model. Future studies using this LBP-NGF model could help to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for the development, severity, and/or resolution of muscular LBP as well as to provide insights into the processes governing the transition from acute to chronic LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Syrett
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; (M.S.); (N.R.R.); (M.L.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Nicholas R. Reed
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; (M.S.); (N.R.R.); (M.L.R.); (A.F.)
| | - William R. Reed
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Madison L. Richey
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; (M.S.); (N.R.R.); (M.L.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrey Frolov
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; (M.S.); (N.R.R.); (M.L.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Joshua W. Little
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; (M.S.); (N.R.R.); (M.L.R.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Reed NR, Reed WR, Syrett M, Richey ML, Frolov A, Little JW. Somatosensory behavioral alterations in a NGF-induced persistent low back pain model. Behav Brain Res 2022; 418:113617. [PMID: 34606776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a major global burden in part due to the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms being poorly understood. A LBP rat model involving two injections of nerve growth factor (NGF, an endogenous pain-related neurotrophin) into trunk musculature was recently developed. Additional behavioral work in this NGF-LBP rat model is required to better characterize local and remote somatosensory alterations related to NGF-induced peripheral and central sensitization. This work characterizes the time-dependent development of hypersensitivity to trunk and hindpaw cutaneous mechanical stimulation and deep muscle mechanical hyperalgesia in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group). Behavioral assays were performed at baseline (Day 0, D0), D2, D5 (pre- and 4 h post-2nd NGF or control injection), D7, D10, and D14 in NGF and control groups. Trunk and hindpaw cutaneous mechanical hypersensitivity were tested using von Frey filaments. Deep trunk mechanical hyperalgesia was determined using a small animal algometer. NGF rats demonstrated increased cutaneous sensitivity to ipsilateral trunk mechanical stimuli at D7, D10, and D14. NGF rats also demonstrated ipsilateral deep mechanical hyperalgesia on D2, D5 + 4 h, D7, D10, and D14. Cutaneous hypersensitivity was delayed compared to deep hyperalgesia in NGF rats. No additional sensory changes were noted. Together, these results indicate that male mechanical somatosensory changes develop primarily locally in the ipsilateral trunk following unilateral NGF injections. These findings contrast with a previous report in female rats using this NGF-LBP model showing more widespread (bilateral) hyperalgesia and remote mechanical hypersensitivity. Future studies will examine potential sex-related pain behavioral differences in the NGF model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Reed
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd. Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - William R Reed
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael Syrett
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd. Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Madison L Richey
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd. Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Andrey Frolov
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd. Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Joshua W Little
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd. Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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Richey ML, Kansara V, Reed NR, Frolov A, Reed WR, Little JW. Time‐dependent lumbar spinal cord astrocytic hyperactivation occurs in the deep dorsal horn during the maintenance of nerve growth factor‐induced low back pain. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.785.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. Richey
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
| | - Vruta Kansara
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
| | - Nicholas R. Reed
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
| | - Andrey Frolov
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
| | | | - Joshua W. Little
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
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Reed NR, Richey ML, Frolov A, Syrett MK, Reed WR, Little JW. Lumbar Spinal Cord Astrocytic Hyperactivation is Associated with Thrombospondin‐4 Upregulation during Persistent Low Back Pain. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.785.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Reed
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
| | - Madison L. Richey
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
| | - Andrey Frolov
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
| | - Michael K. Syrett
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
| | | | - Joshua W. Little
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Anatomical Science and EducationSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
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Tang AH, Park CH, Liao Y, Ahmed AU, Reed NR, Hesse SE, Lingle WL, Jimenez RE, Tang AH. Abstract P6-15-14: Inhibit SIAH E3 Ligase, a Downstream Signaling Module Required for the HER2/EGFR/RAS Signal Transduction, To Block Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Highly Invasive Human Breast Cancers. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p6-15-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The central importance of the HER2/Neu/EGFR/RAS signaling pathway has been well established in the growth, invasion and metastasis of human breast cancer, even though oncogenic RAS mutations are rare in breast cancer, activation of the tumor-promoting ERBB/RAS/MEK/MAPK pathway has been consistently documented in high-grade breast tumors. As such, novel approaches to inhibit activated ERBB/RAS signals constitute important measures to block tumor growth and metastasis in mammary tumors. In this study, instead of targeting an upstream signaling component such as HER2/EGFR/RAS, we targeted the most downstream signaling module identified in the RAS pathway — the SIAH proteolytic machinery. SIAH is an evolutionarily conserved RING E3 ligase that is a critical “gatekeeper” required for RAS signal transduction in human cancer cells. SIAH is specifically expressed in tumor cells in 120 human breast cancer patients examined so far. The increased SIAH expression is correlated with increased grades and aggressiveness of human breast cancer. We then asked whether inhibiting the gatekeeper function of SIAH would be effective in blocking mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis in human breast cancer. Our results indicated that SIAH2-deficiency successfully abolished tumor growth of three breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-468) in soft agar assays as well as in athymic nude mice. Importantly, by inhibiting SIAH2 function in highly aggressive human breast cancer cells, we are able to completely block tumorigenesis and metastasis of two highly invasive and metastatic human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435). These findings suggest that SIAH2 may be an attractive new therapeutic target for novel breast cancer therapy and developing anti-SIAH molecules will aid in expanding our arsenal of effective anticancer therapies. More effective breast cancer treatments may be obtained by multi-pronged synergistic inhibitions at upstream (HER2/EGFR membrane receptors), midstream (RAS/RAF/MEK/mTOR) and downstream (SIAH E3 ligase) signaling modules in the HER2/EGFR/RAS pathway in parallel. Thus, by attacking the growth-promoting ERBB/RAS pathway at multiple signaling modules simultaneously, we may be in a great position to halt the genesis, progression and metastasis of human breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-15-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- AH Tang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; University of Chicago, IL
| | - CH Park
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; University of Chicago, IL
| | - Y Liao
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; University of Chicago, IL
| | - AU Ahmed
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; University of Chicago, IL
| | - NR Reed
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; University of Chicago, IL
| | - SE Hesse
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; University of Chicago, IL
| | - WL Lingle
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; University of Chicago, IL
| | - RE Jimenez
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; University of Chicago, IL
| | - AH. Tang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; University of Chicago, IL
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Reed NR, Smith MT. Periarteritis nodosa in pregnancy: report of a case and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 1980; 55:381-4. [PMID: 6102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a case report and review of the literature on periarteritis nodosa. The purpose is to alert physicians that there are causes of hypertension in pregnancy other than preeclampsia and chronic essential hypertension. Periarteritis nodosa is rare in pregnancy and is usually fatal in the gravid patient.
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