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Dudley R, Denton S, Mathewson J, Pervez S, Aynsworth C, Dodgson G, Barclay N. Prevalence of multisensory hallucinations in people at risk of transition to psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2023; 322:115091. [PMID: 36803842 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hallucinations can occur in single or multiple sensory modalities. Greater attention has been paid to single sensory experiences with a comparative neglect of hallucinations that occur across two or more sensory modalities (multisensory hallucinations). This study explored how common these experiences were in people at risk of transition to psychosis (n=105) and considered whether a greater number of hallucinatory experiences increased delusional ideation and reduced functioning, both of which are associated with a greater risk of transition to psychosis. Participants reported a range of unusual sensory experiences, with two or three being common. However, when a strict definition of hallucinations was applied, in which the experience has the quality of a real perception and in which the person believes them to be real experiences, then multisensory experiences were rare and when reported, single sensory hallucinations in the auditory domain were most common. The number of unusual sensory experiences or hallucinations was not significantly associated with greater delusional ideation or poorer functioning. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dudley
- Early Intervention in Psychosis services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St. Nicholas Hospital, Jubilee Road, Gosforth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE3 3XT, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK.
| | - Sophie Denton
- At Risk Mental State Services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Gosforth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE3 3XT, UK
| | - Jennifer Mathewson
- At Risk Mental State Services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Gosforth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE3 3XT, UK
| | - Sairah Pervez
- At Risk Mental State Services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Gosforth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE3 3XT, UK
| | - Charlotte Aynsworth
- Early Intervention in Psychosis services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St. Nicholas Hospital, Jubilee Road, Gosforth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE3 3XT, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Dodgson
- Early Intervention in Psychosis services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St. Nicholas Hospital, Jubilee Road, Gosforth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE3 3XT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Barclay
- At Risk Mental State Services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Gosforth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE3 3XT, UK
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Akram U, Barclay N, Milkins B, Stevenson J, Gardani M. Sleep-related attentional and interpretive-bias in insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 67:101713. [PMID: 36459947 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive models of insomnia highlight internal and external cognitive-biases for sleep-related "threat" in maintaining the disorder. This systematic review of the sleep-related attentional and interpretive-bias literature includes meta-analytic calculations of each construct. Searches identified N = 21 attentional-bias and N = 8 interpretive-bias studies meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Seventeen attentional-bias studies compared normal-sleepers and poor-sleepers/insomnia patients. Using a random effects model, meta-analytic data based on standardized mean differences of attentional-bias studies determined the weighted pooled effect size to be moderate at 0.60 (95%CI:0.26-0.93). Likewise, seven of eight interpretive-bias studies involved group comparisons. Meta-analytic data determined the weighted pooled effect size as moderate at .44 (95%CI:0.19-0.69). Considering these outcomes, disorder congruent cognitive-biases appear to be a key feature of insomnia. Despite statistical support, absence of longitudinal data limits causal inference concerning the relative role cognitive-biases in the development and maintenance of insomnia. Methodological factors pertaining to task design, sample and stimuli are discussed in relation to outcome variation. Finally, we discuss the next steps in advancing the understanding of sleep-related biases in insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Akram
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, UK.
| | | | - Bronwyn Milkins
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Maria Gardani
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Bottesi G, Ghisi M, Carraro E, Barclay N, Payne R, Freeston MH. Revising the Intolerance of Uncertainty Model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Evidence from UK and Italian Undergraduate Samples. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1723. [PMID: 27847496 PMCID: PMC5088195 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Intolerance of Uncertainty Model (IUM) of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) attributes a key role to Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), and additional roles to Positive Beliefs about Worry (PBW), Negative Problem Orientation (NPO), and Cognitive Avoidance (CA), in the development and maintenance of worry, the core feature of GAD. Despite the role of the IUM components in worry and GAD has been considerably demonstrated, to date no studies have explicitly assessed whether and how PBW, NPO, and CA might turn IU into worry and somatic anxiety. The current studies sought to re-examine the IUM by assessing the relationships between the model’s components on two different non-clinical samples made up of UK and Italian undergraduate students. One-hundred and seventy UK undergraduates and 488 Italian undergraduates completed measures assessing IU, worry, somatic anxiety, depression, and refined measures of PBW, NPO, and CA. In each sample, two mediation models were conducted in order to test whether PBW, NPO, and CA differentially mediate the path from IU to worry and the path from IU to somatic anxiety. Secondly, it was tested whether IU also moderates the mediations. Main findings showed that, in the UK sample, only NPO mediated the path from IU to worry; as far as concern the path to anxiety, none of the putative mediators was significant. Differently, in the Italian sample PBW and NPO were mediators in the path from IU to worry, whereas only CA played a mediational role in the path from IU to somatic anxiety. Lastly, IU was observed to moderate only the association between NPO and worry, and only in the Italian sample. Some important cross-cultural, conceptual, and methodological issues raised from main results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Eleonora Carraro
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Nicola Barclay
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon TyneUK; School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Rebecca Payne
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Mark H Freeston
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon TyneUK; School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneUK
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Gotts ZM, Ellis JG, Deary V, Barclay N, Newton JL. The association between daytime napping and cognitive functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117136. [PMID: 25575044 PMCID: PMC4289075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The precise relationship between sleep and physical and mental functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has not been examined directly, nor has the impact of daytime napping. This study aimed to examine self-reported sleep in patients with CFS and explore whether sleep quality and daytime napping, specific patient characteristics (gender, illness length) and levels of anxiety and depression, predicted daytime fatigue severity, levels of daytime sleepiness and cognitive functioning, all key dimensions of the illness experience. METHODS 118 adults meeting the 1994 CDC case criteria for CFS completed a standardised sleep diary over 14 days. Momentary functional assessments of fatigue, sleepiness, cognition and mood were completed by patients as part of usual care. Levels of daytime functioning and disability were quantified using symptom assessment tools, measuring fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Scale), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), cognitive functioning (Trail Making Test, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire), and mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). RESULTS Hierarchical Regressions demonstrated that a shorter time since diagnosis, higher depression and longer wake time after sleep onset predicted 23.4% of the variance in fatigue severity (p <.001). Being male, higher depression and more afternoon naps predicted 25.6% of the variance in objective cognitive dysfunction (p <.001). Higher anxiety and depression and morning napping predicted 32.2% of the variance in subjective cognitive dysfunction (p <.001). When patients were classified into groups of mild and moderate sleepiness, those with longer daytime naps, those who mainly napped in the afternoon, and those with higher levels of anxiety, were more likely to be in the moderately sleepy group. CONCLUSIONS Napping, particularly in the afternoon is associated with poorer cognitive functioning and more daytime sleepiness in CFS. These findings have clinical implications for symptom management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe M. Gotts
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jason G. Ellis
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Deary
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Barclay
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julia L. Newton
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University & Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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Barker D, Davies C, Dixon B, Hodgson A, Reay S, Barclay N. Training community matrons in basic cognitive behavioural therapy-based techniques for patients with COPD. Br J Community Nurs 2014; 19:274-83. [PMID: 24902055 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2014.19.6.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience anxiety and depression with a higher prevalence than the general population. Despite this, they are under-represented in mental health services on a national scale, but do regularly have contact with health-care professionals such as community matrons. We aimed to explore the process of CBT-based skills supervision and the practical implications for community matrons using CBT-based techniques with COPD clients as part of their standard practice. Twenty community matrons took part in a 2-day CBT-based skills training programme. Measurements of their knowledge and understanding of CBT-based skills were taken before and following the training. Additionally, they completed written feedback relating to the training. They were then supervised by CBT therapists for 6 months. Written feedback was obtained following this and some supervisors participated in a 1-hour focus group to discuss the process. Community matrons' knowledge and understanding of CBT-based techniques significantly improved following training, although findings did indicate that merely training did not always seamlessly translate into effective practice. Supervisor feedback suggested that it would be beneficial for community matrons to share positive practice of their use of basic CBT-based techniques among peers to maximise the perceived value of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barker
- Primary Care Mental Health Worker, Gateshead Talking Therapies Service, South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Caroline Davies
- CBT Therapist, Gateshead Talking Therapies Service, South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Brendan Dixon
- CBT Therapist, South Tyneside Talking Therapies Service, South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Amanda Hodgson
- CBT Therapist, South Tyneside Talking Therapies Service, South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Simon Reay
- CBT Therapist/Clinical Lead, Gateshead Talking Therapies Service, South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Nicola Barclay
- Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner, Gateshead Talking Therapies Service, South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust
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Barclay N. Molecular immunology edited by B. D. Hames and D. M. Glover, IRL Press, 1988. £15.00/$30.00 (xiv + 248 pages) ISBN 1 85221 075 3. Trends Biochem Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(89)90150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barclay N. High frequency of salmonella species as a cause of neonatal meningitis in Ibadan, Nigeria. A review of thirty-eight cases. Acta Paediatr Scand 1971; 60:540-4. [PMID: 5209324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1971.tb06987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in children is rare and usually associated with an underlying condition. A case of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy secondary to a chronic post-measles lung abscess is presented. There was good radiological evidence of an advanced degree of periosteal reaction. This became much more obvious during an exacerbation of the illness. Films taken 10 months after resection of the affected lobe showed almost complete resolution of the bone condition. A feature that is well known in adults, but has not previously been reported in a child, was the exquisite tenderness of the affected bones. The literature is reviewed.
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