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Ahrweiler-Sawaryn MC, Biswas A, Frias C, Frias J, Wilke NL, Wilke N, Berkessel A, Prokop A. Novel gold(I) complexes induce apoptosis in leukemia cells via the ROS-induced mitochondrial pathway with an upregulation of Harakiri and overcome multi drug resistances in leukemia and lymphoma cells and sensitize drug resistant tumor cells to apoptosis in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114507. [PMID: 36958194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold complexes could be promising for tumor therapy because of their cytotoxic and cytostatic properties. We present novel gold(I) complexes and clarify whether they also show antitumor activity by studying apoptosis induction in different tumor cell lines in vitro, comparing the compounds on resistant cells and analyzing the mechanism of action. We particularly highlight one gold complex that shows cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on leukemia and lymphoma cells already in the nanomolar range, induces apoptosis via the intrinsic signaling pathway, and plays a role in the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, not only did we demonstrate a large number of resistance overcomes on resistant cell lines, but some of these cell lines were significantly more sensitive to the new gold compound. Our results show promising properties for the gold compound as anti-tumor drug and suggest that it can subvert resistance mechanisms and thus targets resistant cells for killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-C Ahrweiler-Sawaryn
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Animesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jerico Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicola L Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nathalie Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany; Department of Research, Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Germany
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Schlagintweit JF, Jakob CHG, Wilke NL, Ahrweiler M, Frias C, Frias J, König M, Esslinger EMHJ, Marques F, Machado JF, Reich RM, Morais TS, Correia JDG, Prokop A, Kühn FE. Gold(I) Bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) Complexes as Promising Selective Anticancer Compounds. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15747-15757. [PMID: 34670090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative activity of Mes- and iPr-substituted gold(I) bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) complexes in various cancer cell lines are reported, showing nanomolar IC50 values of 50 nM (lymphoma cells) and 500 nM (leukemia cells), respectively (Mes < iPr). The compounds exclusively induce apoptosis (50 nM to 5 μM) instead of necrosis in common malignant blood cells (leukemia cells) and do not affect non-malignant leucocytes. Remarkably, the complexes not only overcome resistances against the well-established cytostatic etoposide, cytarabine, daunorubicin, and cisplatin but also promote a synergistic effect of up to 182% when used with daunorubicin. The present results demonstrate that gold(I) bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) complexes are highly promising and easily modifiable anticancer metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Schlagintweit
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian H G Jakob
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Nicola L Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Ahrweiler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jerico Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria H J Esslinger
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - João F Machado
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal.,Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Robert M Reich
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Tânia S Morais
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
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