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Lima CDM, Melo Júnior M, Schwamborn SHL, Kessler F, Oliveira LA, Ferreira BP, Mugrabe G, Frias J, Neumann-Leitão S. Zooplankton exposure to microplastic contamination in a estuarine plume-influenced region, in Northeast Brazil. Environ Pollut 2023; 322:121072. [PMID: 36720339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the spatio-temporal distribution of suspected plastic and microplastic (MP) particles in estuarine plumes and analyzes the microplastic/zooplankton ratio. Subsurface hauls with a conical-cylindrical net were deployed in the coastal area of Tamandare (Pernambuco, Brazil), covering the plume of two rivers and a bay adjacent to coral reefs. A total of 2079 suspected plastic particles were detected, mostly fibers and fragments (>60%). Organic matter digestion was made using a 30% hydrogen peroxide solution, of which approximately 50% of suspected particles were validated as MPs. The average MP abundance was significantly higher during the high rainfall season (53.8 ± 89.6 and 18.8 ± 32.3 particles/m³, respectively), with higher values registered in the plume area (108.9 ± 158.5 and 44.6 ± 55.5 particles/m³). Polymer identification using FT-IR confirmed that suspected particles were mainly polypropylene, polyamide, and polyurethane. These results confirm the hypothesis of a temporal transport variation of MPs from the river to the coastal environments, particularly since the plume influences debris input. Eleven animal phyla were identified, and the subclass Copepoda was predominant (90%), particularly the nauplius stage (70%). Over 70% of verified MPs range between 20 and 2000 μm, equivalent to the most common size of zooplanktonic organisms. Results support that coastal areas near estuarine plumes are exposed to microplastic contamination, affecting species dependent on zooplankton in marine coastal food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D M Lima
- Museu de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Arquitetura, S/N, Cidade, Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - M Melo Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, 97 - Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - S H L Schwamborn
- Museu de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Arquitetura, S/N, Cidade, Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - F Kessler
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, RS, Brazil.
| | - L A Oliveira
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, RS, Brazil.
| | - B P Ferreira
- Museu de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Arquitetura, S/N, Cidade, Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - G Mugrabe
- Museu de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Arquitetura, S/N, Cidade, Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - J Frias
- Marine & Freshwater Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Galway Campus, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW, Ireland.
| | - S Neumann-Leitão
- Museu de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Arquitetura, S/N, Cidade, Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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2
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Ahrweiler-Sawaryn MC, Biswas A, Frias C, Frias J, Wilke NL, Wilke N, Berkessel A, Prokop A. Novel gold(I) complexes induce apoptosis in leukemia cells via the ROS-induced mitochondrial pathway with an upregulation of Harakiri and overcome multi drug resistances in leukemia and lymphoma cells and sensitize drug resistant tumor cells to apoptosis in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114507. [PMID: 36958194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold complexes could be promising for tumor therapy because of their cytotoxic and cytostatic properties. We present novel gold(I) complexes and clarify whether they also show antitumor activity by studying apoptosis induction in different tumor cell lines in vitro, comparing the compounds on resistant cells and analyzing the mechanism of action. We particularly highlight one gold complex that shows cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on leukemia and lymphoma cells already in the nanomolar range, induces apoptosis via the intrinsic signaling pathway, and plays a role in the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, not only did we demonstrate a large number of resistance overcomes on resistant cell lines, but some of these cell lines were significantly more sensitive to the new gold compound. Our results show promising properties for the gold compound as anti-tumor drug and suggest that it can subvert resistance mechanisms and thus targets resistant cells for killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-C Ahrweiler-Sawaryn
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Animesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jerico Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicola L Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nathalie Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany; Department of Research, Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Germany
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3
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Baas J, Bieringer S, Frias C, Frias J, Soehnchen C, Urmann C, Ritter S, Riepl H, Prokop A. Dihydroxyquingdainone Induces Apoptosis in Leukaemia and Lymphoma Cells via the Mitochondrial Pathway in a Bcl-2- and Caspase-3-Dependent Manner and Overcomes Resistance to Cytostatic Drugs In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27155038. [PMID: 35956988 PMCID: PMC9370279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Isatis tinctoria and its indigo dyes have already provided highly active anti-leukaemic lead compounds, with the focus mainly being on indirubin, whereas indigo itself is inactive. There are many more indigoids to find in this plant extract, for example, quingdainone, an indigoid derived from tryptanthrin. We present here a new synthesis of hitherto neglected substituted quingdainones, which is very necessary due to their poor solubility behaviour, and a structure-dependent anti-leukaemic activity study of a number of compounds. Substituted α-phenylaminoacrylic acid was synthesised by hydrogen sulfide extrusion from an analogue mercaptoacetic acid, available from the condensation of rhodanin and a substituted tryptanthrin. It is shown that just improving water solubility does not increase anti-leukaemic activity, since a quingdainone carboxylic acid is inactive compared to dihydroxyquingdainone. The most effective compound, dihydroxyquingdainone with an AC50 of 7.5 µmole, is further characterised, revealing its ability to overcome multidrug resistance in leukaemia cells (Nalm-6/BeKa) with p-glycoprotein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Baas
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children’s Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bieringer
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children’s Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jerico Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children’s Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolina Soehnchen
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Urmann
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Steffi Ritter
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Herbert Riepl
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children’s Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (A.P.)
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4
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Schlagintweit JF, Jakob CHG, Wilke NL, Ahrweiler M, Frias C, Frias J, König M, Esslinger EMHJ, Marques F, Machado JF, Reich RM, Morais TS, Correia JDG, Prokop A, Kühn FE. Gold(I) Bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) Complexes as Promising Selective Anticancer Compounds. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15747-15757. [PMID: 34670090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative activity of Mes- and iPr-substituted gold(I) bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) complexes in various cancer cell lines are reported, showing nanomolar IC50 values of 50 nM (lymphoma cells) and 500 nM (leukemia cells), respectively (Mes < iPr). The compounds exclusively induce apoptosis (50 nM to 5 μM) instead of necrosis in common malignant blood cells (leukemia cells) and do not affect non-malignant leucocytes. Remarkably, the complexes not only overcome resistances against the well-established cytostatic etoposide, cytarabine, daunorubicin, and cisplatin but also promote a synergistic effect of up to 182% when used with daunorubicin. The present results demonstrate that gold(I) bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) complexes are highly promising and easily modifiable anticancer metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Schlagintweit
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian H G Jakob
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Nicola L Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Ahrweiler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jerico Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria H J Esslinger
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - João F Machado
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal.,Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Robert M Reich
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Tânia S Morais
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
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5
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Pérez C, Mondéjar R, García-Díaz N, Cereceda L, León A, Montes S, Durán Vian C, Pérez Paredes MG, González-Morán A, Alegre de Miguel V, Sanz Anquela JM, Frias J, Limeres MA, González LM, Martín Dávila F, Beltrán M, Mollejo M, Méndez JR, González MA, González García J, López R, Gómez A, Izquierdo F, Ramos R, Camacho C, Rodriguez-Pinilla SM, Martínez N, Vaqué JP, Ortiz-Romero PL, Piris MA. Advanced-stage mycosis fungoides: role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells pathways. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:147-155. [PMID: 31049933 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The malignant mechanisms that control the development of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are beginning to be identified. Recent evidence suggests that disturbances in specific intracellular signalling pathways, such as RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase, T-cell receptor (TCR)-phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1)-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CTCL. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanisms controlling disease development and progression in mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common form of CTCL. METHODS We collected 100 samples that were submitted for diagnosis of, or a second opinion regarding, MF between 2001 and 2018, 80% of which were in the early clinical stages of the disease. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were used for histological review and to measure the expression by immunohistochemistry of surrogate markers of activation of the TCR-PLCG1-NFAT, JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways. Folliculotropism and large-cell transformation were also examined. RESULTS NFAT and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) markers showed a comparable activation status in early and advanced stages, while STAT3 activation was more frequent in advanced stages and was associated with large-cell transformation. Consistently with this observation, STAT3 activation occurred in parallel with MF progression in two initially MF-negative cases. A significant association of NFAT with NF-κB markers was also found, reflecting a common mechanism of activation in the two pathways. Genomic studies identified nine mutations in seven genes known to play a potential role in tumorigenesis in T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma, including PLCG1, JAK3 and STAT3, which underlies the activation of these key cell-survival pathways. A higher mutational allele frequency was detected in advanced stages. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that STAT3 is activated in advanced cases and is associated with large-cell transformation, while the activation of NFAT and NF-κB is maintained throughout the disease. These findings could have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. What's already known about this topic? Mycosis fungoides is characterized by a clonal expansion of T cells in the skin. The mechanisms controlling disease development and progression are not fully understood. What does this study add? An association of the nuclear factor of activated T cells and nuclear factor kappa B pathways was found, which could reflect a common mechanism of activation. These pathways were activated in early and advanced stages at the same level. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation was associated with large-cell transformation and was more frequent in advanced stages. A genomic analysis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated genes was performed. Nine mutations were detected. What is the translational message? These results could have important implications for the treatment of MF in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pérez
- Translational Hematopathology, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Mondéjar
- Translational Hematopathology, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - N García-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Infección, Inmunidad y Patología Digestive, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - L Cereceda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A León
- Pathology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - S Montes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Pathology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - C Durán Vian
- Dermatology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - M G Pérez Paredes
- Dermatology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - A González-Morán
- Dermatology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
| | - V Alegre de Miguel
- Dermatology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Sanz Anquela
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias and Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Frias
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - M A Limeres
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Gran Canaria, Canarias, Spain
| | - L M González
- Pathology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - F Martín Dávila
- Pathology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Beltrán
- Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M Mollejo
- Pathology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - J R Méndez
- Pathology Service, Centro Médico de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - M A González
- Pathology Service, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J González García
- Pathology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R López
- Pathology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Gómez
- Pathology Service, Hospital de la Marina Baixa, Alicante, Spain
| | - F Izquierdo
- Pathology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - R Ramos
- Pathology Service, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Camacho
- Pathology Service, C.H.U. Insular - Materno Infantil, Gran Canarias, Spain
| | - S M Rodriguez-Pinilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Martínez
- Translational Hematopathology, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vaqué
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Infección, Inmunidad y Patología Digestive, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - P L Ortiz-Romero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Institute i+12 Medical School, University Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Piris
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Abstract
Marine anthropogenic litter was analysed in eleven beaches along the Portuguese coast, over a two-year period (2011-2013). Of all collected items, 99% were plastic and 68% were microplastics (MP; 1-5 mm in diameter). Higher MP concentrations were found in winter/autumn, near industrial areas and/or port facilities and in beaches exposed to dominant winds. Resin pellets (79%) were the dominant category close to industrial areas and high concentrations of fragments and polymeric foams were found near fishing ports. The most frequent pellet size classes were 4 and 5 mm (respectively 47% and 42%). Results suggest that MP have predominately a land-based origin and are deliberately discarded or accidentally lost in watercourses and/or coastal areas. A combination of measures within stakeholders, namely industry and fishing sectors and share of good practices are needed to prevent marine anthropogenic litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Antunes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Science and Environmental Engineering, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - J Frias
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Science and Environmental Engineering, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Old Dublin Rd., Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - P Sobral
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Science and Environmental Engineering, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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7
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Frias J, Guja C, Hardy E, Azazuddin A, Fang D, Öhman P, Jabbour S, Rodrigues Costa M. Exenatide einmal wöchentlich plus Dapagliflozin einmal täglich versus Exenatide oder Dapagliflozin allein bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes, für die eine Metformin-Monotherapie nicht ausreichend war (DURATION-8): Eine 28-wöchige, multizentrische, doppelblinde, randomisierte, kontrollierte Phase-3-Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- National Research Institute, Los Angeles, United States
| | - C Guja
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucarest, Romania
| | - E Hardy
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - A Azazuddin
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, United States
| | - D Fang
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - P Öhman
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - S Jabbour
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
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Garcia-Mora P, Peñas E, Frias J, Gomez R, Martinez-Villaluenga C. High-pressure improves enzymatic proteolysis and the release of peptides with angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities from lentil proteins. Food Chem 2015; 171:224-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Peñas E, Diana M, Frias J, Quílez J, Martínez-Villaluenga C. A multistrategic approach in the development of sourdough bread targeted towards blood pressure reduction. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2015; 70:97-103. [PMID: 25638256 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rising prevalence of hypertension is pushing food industry towards the development of innovative food products with antihypertensive effects. The aim was to study the effect of reduced sodium content and 21% addition of wholemeal wheat sourdough (produced by Lactobacillus brevis CECT 8183 and protease) on proximate composition, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and peptide content of wheat bread. Angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Sodium replacement by potassium salt did not affect chemical composition and biological activities of bread. In contrast, GABA and peptides <3 kDa contents in sourdough bread (SDB) were 7 and 3 times higher, respectively, than the observed in control. ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities of the peptide fraction < 3 kDa from SDB was 1.7 and 2.6-3.0 times higher than control. Therefore, the combination of reduced sodium content with enriched concentrations of bioactive compounds in bread making may provide interesting perspectives for development of innovative breads towards blood pressure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peñas
- Department of Food Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Giacomino S, Peñas E, Ferreyra V, Pellegrino N, Fournier M, Apro N, Carrión MO, Frias J. Extruded flaxseed meal enhances the nutritional quality of cereal-based products. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2013; 68:131-136. [PMID: 23640296 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human consumption of flaxseed is increasing due to its health benefit properties and extrusion processes can enhance its nutritional quality. Extruded flaxseed meal (EFM) obtained in a pilot plant was characterized and incorporated in flour mixes and cereal-based bars to demonstrate its nutritious usefulness. Amino acid content was not affected by extrusion and, despite lysine was the limitating amino acid, the chemical score (CS) was 83 %. Thiamin and riboflavin decreased slightly as consequence of extrusion, phytic acid did not change and trypsin inhibitor activity was undetectable. Proximate composition and nutritional quality determined by biological and chemical indexes were compared among EFM, flour mixes (FM) and cereal bars (CB). They presented high protein levels (26, 20 and 17 %, respectively), good biological value (BV) (80, 79 and 65, respectively), acceptable true protein digestibility (TD) (73, 79 and 78, respectively), and high dietary fiber (33, 20.5 and 18 %, respectively). The ratio of ω6:ω3 for CB was within the WHO/FAO recommendations. These results open a new venue for the usefulsess of nutritious/healthy extruded flaxseed flours into ready-to-eat cereal-based products with improved nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giacomino
- Cátedra de Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, C.P.1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Peñas E, Pihlava J, Vidal-Valverde C, Frias J. Influence of fermentation conditions of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata on the volatile glucosinolate hydrolysis compounds of sauerkrauts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Barriuso J, Soria I, Moreno V, Coronado M, Galicia I, Figueredo M, Frias J, Feliu J, Carcas A, Subiza J. Single Institution Phase I Trial of the Novel Compound First-In-Class PDM08 in Refractory Solid Tumors (NCT01380249). Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Posso SR, Cintra FB, Frias J. Temporal influence on foraging strategies, territoriality and nomadic tendencies of snail kite, Rosthramus sociabilis (Viellot, 1817) in an urban Neotropical wetland. BRAZ J BIOL 2012; 72:235-41. [PMID: 22735129 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The foraging, territoriality and displacement of the Snail Kite were studied over 232 hours of observations in an urban lake during the dry and wet seasons. The temperature and rainfall variations were used to correlate with predation rates and the correlation coefficients were 0,39 and 0,34, respectively. Snail Kites spent more time foraging during the wet than the dry season when perching is more frequently recorded. The higher predation in the wet season can be explained by the higher abundance of apple snails and the energy demand for reproduction. In the wet season, the territories were smaller and the conspecific conflicts decreased as prey were more available. However, due to the lack of food in the dry season, intra-specific conflicts and expansion of male territories were observed and the female and immatures were expelled from their foraging area to another location. In this way, site tenacity of Snail Kites should be interpreted in relation to the variations on food and dominance gradients according to the temporal changes (time) and foraging sites (space).
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Posso
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Sistemática e Conservação de Aves Neotropicais, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas, MS, Brazil
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14
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Martinez-Villaluenga C, Peñas E, Sidro B, Ullate M, Frias J, Vidal-Valverde C. White cabbage fermentation improves ascorbigen content, antioxidant and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in LPS-induced macrophages. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Patil S, Valdramidis VP, Cullen PJ, Frias J, Bourke P. Inactivation of Escherichia coli by ozone treatment of apple juice at different pH levels. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:835-40. [PMID: 20630327 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the efficacy of gaseous ozone on the inactivation of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and NCTC 12900 strains in apple juice of a range of pH levels, using an ozone bubble column. The pH levels investigated were 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0. Apple juice inoculated with E. coli strains (10(6)CFU/mL) was treated with ozone gas at a flow rate of 0.12L/min and ozone concentration of 0.048 mg/min/mL for up to 18 min. Results show that inactivation kinetics of E. coli by ozone were affected by pH of the juice. The ozone treatment duration required for achieving a 5-log reduction was faster (4 min) at the lowest pH than at the highest pH (18 min) studied. The relationship between time required to achieve 5log reduction (t(5d)) and pH for both strains was described mathematically by two exponential equations. Ozone treatment appears to be an effective process for reducing bacteria in apple juice and the required applied treatment for producing a safe apple juice is dependant on its acidity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patil
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
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Ramirez E, Carcas AJ, Borobia AM, Lei SH, Piñana E, Fudio S, Frias J. A pharmacovigilance program from laboratory signals for the detection and reporting of serious adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 87:74-86. [PMID: 19890254 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The detection and reporting of serious adverse drug reactions (SADRs) have become important components of monitoring and evaluation activities performed in hospitals. We present the implementation of a prospective pharmacovigilance program based on automatic laboratory signals (ALSs) at a hospital. We also report the general findings after the first year of operation of the program, which involved ALSs that indicate various SADRs: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver injury, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, and rhabdomyolysis. The number of hospitalizations during the year was 54,525, and 1,732 patients experienced at least one ALS. The review of electronic medical records (EMRs) showed that no alternative cause (i.e., no non-SADR explanation) for the ALS was identified in 520 (30%) of the patients. After the individual ALS-patient evaluation, a total of 110 SADRs (6.35% of those identified after reviewing EMRs and 21.15% of those requiring individual patient evaluations) were identified. In other words, in order to identify a single SADR, we had to review the electronic records of approximately 16 patients and personally visit 5 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramirez
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Martinez-Villaluenga C, Peñas E, Frias J, Ciska E, Honke J, Piskula MK, Kozlowska H, Vidal-Valverde C. Influence of fermentation conditions on glucosinolates, ascorbigen, and ascorbic acid content in white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata cv. Taler) cultivated in different seasons. J Food Sci 2009; 74:C62-7. [PMID: 19200088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The content of glucosinolates (GLS), ascorbigen, and ascorbic acid in white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata cv. Taler) cultivated in different seasons (summer and winter) was determined, before and after spontaneous and starter-induced fermentation. Different salt concentrations (0.5% NaCl or 1.5% NaCl) were used for sauerkraut production. Glucoiberin, sinigrin, and glucobrassicin were dominating in raw white cabbage cultivated either in winter or summer seasons. Ascorbigen precursor, glucobrassicin, was found higher in cabbage cultivated in winter (2.54 micromol/g dw) than those grown in summer (1.83 micromol/g dw). Cabbage fermented for 7 d was found to contain only traces of some GLS irrespective of the fermentation conditions used. Ascorbigen synthesis occurred during white cabbage fermentation. Brining cabbage at low salt concentration (0.5% NaCl) improved ascorbigen content in sauerkraut after 7 d of fermentation at 25 degrees C. The highest ascorbigen concentration was observed in low-sodium (0.5% NaCl) sauerkraut produced from cabbage cultivated in winter submitted to either natural (109.0 micromol/100 g dw) or starter-induced fermentation (108.3 and 104.6 micromol/100 g dw in cabbages fermented by L. plantarum and L. mesenteroides, respectively). Ascorbic acid content was found higher in cabbage cultivated in summer and fermentation process led to significant reductions. Therefore, the selection of cabbages with high glucobrassicin content and the production of low-sodium sauerkrauts may provide enhanced health benefits towards prevention of chronic diseases.
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Martinez-Villaluenga C, Michalska A, Frias J, Piskula M, Vidal-Valverde C, Zieliński H. Effect of Flour Extraction Rate and Baking on Thiamine and Riboflavin Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Traditional Rye Bread. J Food Sci 2009; 74:C49-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ramirez E, Guerra P, Laosa O, Duque B, Tabares B, Lei SH, Carcas AJ, Frias J. The importance of sample size, log-mean ratios, and intrasubject variability in the acceptance criteria of 108 bioequivalence studies. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 64:783-93. [PMID: 18493756 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-008-0476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fulfilling bioequivalence criteria with highly variable drugs is difficult. The aim of this study was to compare the importance of sample size, intrasubject variability, and the point estimate of test and reference formulations with regard to meeting bioequivalence (BE) criteria [maximum observed plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)]. METHODS We compared 137 pairs of data from BE studies with a conventional number of subjects, approximately 31-32 volunteers, developed in the last 10 years. RESULTS The third part of the studies failed to demonstrate BE, in part due to an unacceptable difference between the mean ratios (T/R) (18) but also due to high variability with small differences between formulations (17). Increasing the number of subjects is hard to justify, and expanding the confidence interval (CI) was insufficient for the most highly variable drugs. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, for low-variable drugs, the difference between formulations was the cornerstone of the fulfillment of BE criteria, but for highly variable drugs, the intrasubject coefficient of variability (ICV) was decisive. Our proposal is that for highly variable drugs that fall outside BE 90% CI limits could result in BE in the absence of formulation effect and maximal differences between formulations below 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramirez
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, Madrid, Spain.
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Gowen A, Abu-Ghannam N, Frias J, Oliveira J. Modeling dehydration and rehydration of cooked soybeans subjected to combined microwave–hot-air drying. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mahajan P, Oliveira F, Montanez J, Frias J. Development of user-friendly software for design of modified atmosphere packaging for fresh and fresh-cut produce. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gowen A, Abu-Ghannam N, Frias J, Oliveira J. Modelling the water absorption process in chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)—The effect of blanching pre-treatment on water intake and texture kinetics. J FOOD ENG 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan var. aroíto) seeds were fermented in order to remove antinutritional factors and to obtain functional legume flour to be used as pasta ingredients. Fermentation brought about a drastic reduction of alpha-galactosides (82%), phytic acid (48%), and trypsin inhibitor activity (39%). Fermented legume flours presented a notable increase of fat and total soluble available carbohydrates, a slight decrease of protein, dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin B2, vitamin E, and total antioxidant capacity, and a decrease of soluble dietary fiber, Na, K, Mg, and Zn contents. No changes were observed in the level of starch and tannins as a consequence of fermentation. The fermented flour was used as an ingredient to make pasta products in a proportion of 5, 10, and 12%. The supplemented pasta products obtained had longer cooking times, higher cooking water absorptions, higher cooking loss, and higher protein loss in water than control pasta (100% semolina). From sensory evaluations, fortified pasta with 5 and 10% fermented pigeon pea flour had an acceptability score similar to control pasta. Pasta supplemented with 10% fermented pigeon pea flour presented higher levels of protein, fat, dietary fiber, mineral, vitamin E, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity than 100% semolina pasta and similar vitamins B1 and B2 contents. Protein efficiency ratios and true protein digestibility improved (73 and 6%, respectively) after supplementation with 10% fermented pigeon pea flour; therefore, the nutritional value was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Torres
- Department of Food Science, Simón Bolívar University, 1080A Caracas, Venezuela
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24
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Martin-Diana A, Rico D, Frias J, Mulcahy J, Henehan G, Barry-Ryan C. Whey permeate as a bio-preservative for shelf life maintenance of fresh-cut vegetables. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gowen A, Abu-Ghannam N, Frias J, Oliveira J. Optimisation of dehydration and rehydration properties of cooked chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) undergoing microwave–hot air combination drying. Trends Food Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Moya-Quiles MR, Martínez-Escribano J, Guerra-Perez N, Muro M, Marín L, Campillo JA, Montes-Ares O, Frias J, Minguela A, García-Alonso AM, Lozano JA, Alvarez-López MR. Lack of association between HLA-E polymorphism and primary cutaneous melanoma in Spanish patients. J Dermatol Sci 2005; 40:62-4. [PMID: 16153808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Palou J, Antonio C, Segarra J, Duque B, Oliver A, Villavicencio H, Salvador J, Frias J, Garcia-Ribas I. 482 Phase I pharmacokinetic study of a single intravesical instillation of gemcitabine administered immediately after transurethral resection plus multiple random biopsies in patients with superficial bladder cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(04)90479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Prats C, Bernal C, Cadefau JA, Frias J, Tibolla M, Cussó R. Glycogen depletion and resynthesis during 14 days of chronic low-frequency stimulation of rabbit muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002; 1573:68-74. [PMID: 12383944 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electro-stimulation alters muscle metabolism and the extent of this change depends on application intensity and duration. The effect of 14 days of chronic electro-stimulation on glycogen turnover and on the regulation of glycogen synthase in fast-twitch muscle was studied. The results showed that macro- and proglycogen degrade simultaneously during the first hour of stimulation. After 3 h, the muscle showed net synthesis, with an increase in the proglycogen fraction. The glycogen content peaked after 4 days of stimulation, macroglycogen being the predominant fraction at that time. Glycogen synthase was determined during electro-stimulation. The activity of this enzyme was measured at low UDPG concentration with either high or low Glu-6-P content. Western blots were performed against glycogen synthase over a range of stimulation periods. Activation of this enzyme was maximum before the net synthesis of glycogen, partial during net synthesis, and low during late synthesis. These observations suggest that the more active, dephosphorylated and very low phosphorylated forms of glycogen synthase may participate in the first steps of glycogen resynthesis before net synthesis is observed, while partially phosphorylated forms are most active during glycogen elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prats
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
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Frias J, Torres JM, Miranda MT, Ruiz E, Ortega E. Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on pituitary-gonadal axis hormones, pituitary-adrenal axis hormones, beta-endorphin and prolactin in human adults of both sexes. Alcohol Alcohol 2002; 37:169-73. [PMID: 11912073 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/37.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
- The effects of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) on the pituitary-gonadal axis hormones, and the possible contribution of pituitary-adrenal axis hormones, beta-endorphin and prolactin to alcohol-induced dysfunction of pituitary-gonadal axis hormones were studied in adult men and women. Blood samples were drawn from adults of both sexes who arrived at the emergency department with evident behavioural symptoms of drunkenness (AAI) or from adult volunteers with nil consumption of alcohol (controls). Our results demonstrated that AAI produces a high increase in plasma prolactin, corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH), and cortisol in adults of both sexes, a decrease in luteinizing hormone levels only in men, an increase in dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) and a contradictory behaviour of testosterone according to gender, with increased plasma testosterone in women and a decrease in men. ACTH and prolactin correlated positively with cortisol, DHEAS and testosterone in women, which suggests that prolactin and ACTH could contribute to stimulated adrenal androgen production. In contrast, the decrease in testosterone and increase in beta-endorphin in men suggests that AAI could have an inhibitory effect on testicular testosterone, perhaps mediated by beta-endorphin. Our results suggest that the effect of alcohol on pituitary-gonadal axis hormones in humans could depend on the gender and degree of sexual maturity of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de Madrid, s/n, 18012, Granada, Spain
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Abstract
The growth of bacterial communities in drinking water distribution systems can lead to the development of problems incompatible with water quality requirements. This study was carried out in order to determine which factors promote bacterial growth in distribution networks. A pilot distribution system was used to perform these experiments. After addition of three different inorganic elements to the network (N, P and S) the results obtained show that they did not contribute to the growth or bacteria either in the circulating water or on the surface of the pipes of the distribution system. However, when organic carbon was added an increase in the number of circulating bacteria was observed though the number of bacteria in the biofilms of the network was constant. These results indicate that in the drinking water of the Barcelona distribution system the factor that controls the growth of bacteria is organic carbon. Moreover, bacteria from the biofilm growing on the surface of the pipes may cause the problems of bacterial growth.
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Guerra P, Frias J, Ruiz B, Soto A, Carcas A, Govantes C, Montuenga C, Fernández A. Bioequivalence of allopurinol and its metabolite oxipurinol in two tablet formulations. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001; 26:113-9. [PMID: 11350534 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test for the bioequivalence of two allopurinol 300 mg tablet formulations (generic allopurinol (Normon) and Zyloric tablets). METHOD A single dose study was carried out in 24 healthy volunteers with a two-sequence, crossover block-randomized design. Blood samples were taken prior to each administration and at 19 points within 72 h after the dose. Plasma concentrations of allopurinol and oxypurinol were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and Tmax were obtained directly from plasma allopurinol and oxypurinol concentrations. ke was estimated by log-linear regression and AUC was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule for both allopurinol and oxypurinol. The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC and Cmax were tested for equivalence after log-transformation of data. Differences of Tmax were evaluated by a non-parametric test. The 90% standard confidence intervals of the mean values for the test/reference ratios were for AUC and for Cmax, within the acceptable bioequivalence limits of 0.80-1.25 for both allopurinol and oxypurinol. CONCLUSION The two formulations are bioequivalent and therefore interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guerra
- Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Different species of bacteria important in the composition of dental plaque were tested for production of extracellular autoinducer-like activities that stimulate the expression of the luminescence genes in Vibrio harveyi. Several strains of Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were found to produce such activities. Interestingly, these bacteria belong to the same phylogenetic group, and they are periodontal pathogens important in the development of periodontal disease. They specifically produce extracellular signaling molecule related autoinducer-2 from V. haveyi. Nevertheless, they seem to be unable to produce homologues of acyl-homoserine lactones. Furthermore, Escherichia coli DH5alpha can be complemented by the introduction of a P. gingivalis gene with high homology to the luxS gene, which has been called luxS(P.g.).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID, 08290 Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
The content of thiamine (vitamin B(1)), vitamin E (alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol) and vitamin A (all-trans-retinol and 13-cis-retinol) in five commercial enteral feeding formulas was studied. These formulas provide a large amount of vitamins: 2.5--3, 3.1, and 1.6-fold above the U.S. daily recommendations (U.S. RDA) for thiamine, vitamin E, and vitamin A, respectively. The stability of thiamine and vitamins E and A of two of the enteral feeding formulas was followed throughout 9 months of storage in the dark at 4 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees C. According to our results in all of the storage conditions studied, the enteral formula covered the U.S. RDA levels for thiamine and vitamin E, but in the case of vitamin A the U.S. RDA requirements are met only when the enteral sample has been kept in storage less than 3 months. After 6 months of storage, the decrease in vitamin A was so drastic that the level of vitamin covered only 0.9--0.3-fold of the U.S. RDA and after 9 months it covered only 0.2--0.0-fold of U.S. RDA. The manufacturer shelf life of the formula studied was 1 year; and, because enteral feeding solutions are often placed in storage conditions of uncontrolled temperature and humidity, these results should be taken into consideration with regard to the shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifícas, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Carcas AJ, Guerra P, Frias J, Soto A, Fernandez-Aijón A, Montuenga C, Govantes C. Gender differences in the disposition of metronidazole. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 39:213-8. [PMID: 11380067 DOI: 10.5414/cpp39213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gender is usually considered to be one of the factors influencing disposition of drugs, but the evidence available is sometimes conflicting and information for a large number of frequently used drugs is lacking. An evaluation of sex differences in the disposition ofmetronidazole was carried out during a bioequivalence study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-four volunteers (12 males and 12 females) were included in an open, single-dose, two-sequence, crossover randomized trial with a one-week washout interval. All volunteers received in each period, a single 250 mg dose of one of the two study formulations of metronidazole. Venous blood samples were collected immediately before and at 15 time points in an 48-hour interval after drug administration; metronidazole concentrations were determined by HPLC. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed and log-transformed AUC(0-infinity) and Cmax were tested for bioequivalence. Sex differences were evaluated by means of a 4-factor (sex, sequence, treatment and period) ANOVA. RESULTS The studied formulations were found bioequivalent according to international standards: average 90% confidence interval for AUC(0-infinity) was 98 to 104 and for Cmax 93 to 115. After correction for the administered dose/kg, AUC was about 12% lower in females than in males (p = 0.0388) and, therefore, a higher calculated oral Cl/kg was found in females. Apparent distribution volume, after correction for weight, was significantly higher in males (p = 0.0019). Metronidazole half-life and MRT were shorter in females than in males (p - 0.0014 and p = 0.0002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Data obtained in this study suggest that metronidazole clearance in females is about 12% higher than in males although these differences are probably of no clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Carcas
- Centro de Farmacologia Clinica, Departamento de Farmacologia y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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35
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Sanz MA, Blázquez I, Sierra I, Medrano MA, Frias J, Vidal-Valverde C, Hernández A. Nutritional evaluation of ethanol-extracted lentil flours. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:1854-1860. [PMID: 11308336 DOI: 10.1021/jf001293i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lentil flours were extracted with 80% ethanol at 25 and 50 degrees C for 1, 2, or 3 h. The various nitrogen fractions, soluble carbohydrates, three amino acids (Lys, His, and Tyr), available lysine, protein digestibility, and vitamins B(1) and B(2) were analyzed to evaluate the effect of extraction. Extraction resulted in an increase in the total nitrogen content of the extracted flours, with extraction temperature affecting the nature of the nitrogen (protein or nonprotein) content. There was also a large reduction in the oligosaccharides of the raffinose family, although the effect of temperature was appreciable only in the case of stachyose. There was hardly any effect on the concentrations of the amino acids analyzed or on protein digestibility; however, a positive correlation between protein digestibility and the available lysine was recorded in the samples. The vitamin B(1) and B(2) contents underwent variable decreases depending on extraction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sanz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Abstract
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is considered to be one of the major oral putative pathogens, especially in cases of juvenile periodontitis. This microorganism requires nutritionally complex media for growth, and therefore the media for its primary isolation usually include blood agar or serum in their base. In this study we present a new medium, Dentaid-1, which improves the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal samples. In its composition, blood and serum have been omitted, hence reducing its cost and making it a more restrictive medium against the growth of other microorganisms with high nutritional requirements. The growth yields of pure cultures of the bacteria on Dentaid-1 were comparable to those on nonselective blood agar. Moreover, clinical efficacy was evaluated in subgingival samples from 77 subjects with adult periodontitis. Dentaid-1 detected A. actinomycetemcomitans in 24 subjects, while a previously described tryptic soy-serum-bacitracin-vancomycin agar detected the microorganism in only 19 subjects (79.1%). Dentaid-1 is a low-cost, noninhibitory formula for the improved diagnosis and monitoring of patients subgingivally infected by this important oral putative pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alsina
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID, 08290 Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
We previously reported the deleterious effects of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) on pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-adrenal axes hormones in human adolescents. In the present paper we studied the effects of AAI on the growth axis hormones, and the possible contribution of the insulin-glucose axis to the alcohol-induced dysfunction of the growth axis in human adolescents. Blood samples were drawn from adolescents that arrived at the emergency department with evident behavioural symptoms of drunkenness (AAI) or with nil consumption of alcohol (controls [C]). AAI produced in the adolescents of both sexes in our series: a decrease in growth hormone (GH) levels, without significant alteration of either insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3); an increase in plasma glucose and a decrease in insulin in the female adolescents but not in the males. Males and females undergo a significant period of bone growth during adolescence. Growth axis hormones play an important role in the pubertal spurt. Thus, ethanol consumption during adolescence could have long-lasting deleterious effects on this aspect of development. In industrialised countries, around 35% of alcohol drinkers are under 16 years old, therefore the result of this study should be made known to adolescents and the appropriate authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
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Frias J, Rodriguez R, Torres JM, Ruiz E, Ortega E. Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on pituitary-gonadal axis hormones, pituitary-adrenal axis hormones, beta-endorphin and prolactin in human adolescents of both sexes. Life Sci 2000; 67:1081-6. [PMID: 10954041 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Teenage drinking continues to be a major problem in industrialized countries, where almost 35% of alcohol drinkers are under 16 years old. In the present paper we studied the effects of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) on the pituitary-gonadal (PG) axis hormones, and the possible contribution of pituitary-adrenal (PA) axis hormones, beta-endorphin (BEND), and prolactin (PRL) to the alcohol-induced dysfunction of PG axis hormones. Blood samples were drawn from adolescents that arrived at the emergency department with evident behavioral symptoms of drunkenness (AAI) or with nil consumption of alcohol (controls [C]). Our results demonstrated that AAI produces in adolescents a high increase in plasma PRL, ACTH, and cortisol (F), and a contradictory behavior of testosterone (T) according to gender: plasma T was increased in females and decreased in males. ACTH and PRL correlated positively with F, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) and T in females, which suggests that PRL and ACTH could synergistically stimulate adrenal androgen production. In contrast, the decrease in T and increase in BEND in males suggests that AAI could have an inhibitory effect on testicular T, perhaps mediated by BEND. The hormones studied are involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the growth axis during adolescence. The deleterious effects of alcohol abuse should be made known to adolescents and the appropriate authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Clinico University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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39
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Gulewicz P, Ciesiołka D, Frias J, Vidal-Valverde C, Frejnagel S, Trojanowska K, Gulewicz K. Simple method of isolation and purification of alpha-galactosides from legumes. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:3120-3123. [PMID: 10956079 DOI: 10.1021/jf000210v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for the isolation and purification of alpha-galactosides, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), from legumes has been developed. The method includes (i) imbibition of seeds, (ii) extraction with 50% ethanol, (iii) precipitation of RFOs, (iv) purification of RFOs on diatomaceous earth and charcoal, and (v) cation-exchange chromatography. The described method allows one to obtain high purity RFO preparations (90% for lentil and 80% for pea seeds, determined by HPLC-RI analysis) in the form of white, fine powder. Yields of alpha-galactosides isolated from 100 g of seeds of lentil and pea were 5.6 and 4.3 g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gulewicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Agricultural University, Poznań, Poland
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40
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Abstract
The regrowth of micro-organisms in the water distribution system is assisted by the presence of biodegradable organic matter (BDOC). The low concentration of available organic carbon in this type of water favours the growth of bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonadaceae family, as this group can grow better at low concentrations of substrate than other bacteria also present in the distribution system. Although the genus Aeromonas has already been adopted as an indicator of this potential regrowth, members of the Pseudomonadaceae have not yet been proposed as indicators of potential bacterial regrowth in the water distribution system. The results are presented of a year-long study of the Barcelona distribution system in which the presence of Pseudomonas and Aeromonas was analysed and the validity of these micro-organisms as indicators of potential regrowth in the distribution system was assessed. It seems that, at least in the drinking waters of the Barcelona area, Pseudomonas is a better indicator of potential bacterial regrowth than Aeromonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ribas
- Agbar, Barcelona and Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Frias J, Guerra P, Soto A, García O, Carcas AJ. Methodological pitfalls in bioequivalence studies: sample size, between-subject and within-subject variability, single or multiple dose studies and metabolite determination. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1999; 21 Suppl B:39. [PMID: 10599047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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43
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Abstract
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) is a rare disease in infancy. It may present in an isolated manner or be associated with diverse conditions. Only two children with postinflammatory slack skin who developed cardiovascular disease have been described to date, both of whom died from coronary artery occlusion. We report a boy with Sweet's syndrome and diffuse vascular disease involving the aorta and the supraaortic vessels, the pulmonary trunk, and the right coronary artery but without signs of coronary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Guia
- Sección de Cardiologia Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil, "Virgen de la Arrixaca," Crta. Murcia-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
We determined the dose-response relationship and examined the time-related effect of CRF (corticotropin releasing factor) injected directly into the Median Eminence (ME) on GH (growth hormone) secretion in conscious intact and castrated male rats. Doses of 0.25, 0.75, 1, and 1.5 nmol CRF dissolved in 1 microl of saline, or saline alone in the controls, were injected into the ME, and blood samples collected through indwelling catheters implanted in the jugular vein, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post-injection to determine plasma GH levels by RIA. After 120 min the animals were decapitated. Trunk blood of decapitated animals was used to determine plasma testosterone and glucose levels. CRF at all the doses studied significantly decreased plasma GH in castrated and intact animals. The results suggest that in male as in female rats, CRF inhibits by itself GH secretion, at least in part, by a central action in the ME; all the doses of CRF studied suppressed GH secretion in castrated and intact males; finally, CRF at ME levels may participate in a variety of stress-related responses, including growth inhibition, through GH suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
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45
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Frias J, Puertas A, Ruiz E, Ortega E. Effect of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) injected into the median eminence on LH secretion in male rats. Neurochem Res 1997; 22:171-4. [PMID: 9016842 DOI: 10.1023/a:1027363523342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We determined the dose-response relationship and examined the time-related effect of CRF (corticotropin releasing factor) injected directly into the Median Eminence (ME) on LH secretion in conscious intact and castrated male rats. Doses of 0.25, 0.75, 1, and 1.5 nmol CRF dissolved in 1 microl of saline (or saline only in the controls) were injected into the ME and blood samples collected 30, 60, 90, and 120 min postinjection to determine by RIA serum LH. CRF at doses of 0.75, 1 and 1.5 nmol significantly decreased serum LH in castrated and intact animals. The lower dose of CRF did not decrease LH in the two groups studied. The results suggest that in males as in females, CRF inhibits by itself LH secretion, at least in part, by a central action in the ME; the inhibitory effect of CRF on LH is similar in castrated and intact males; the dose of 0.25 nmoles of CRF was ineffective in decreasing LH and finally that CRF at ME levels may participate in a variety of stress-related responses, including reproduction inhibition, through LH suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
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46
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Puertas A, Frias J, Ruiz E, Ortega E. Effect of CRF injected into the median eminence on GH secretion in female rats under different steroid status. Neurochem Res 1996; 21:897-901. [PMID: 8895842 DOI: 10.1007/bf02532338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate whether the median eminence (ME) is a site of action of CRF (corticotropin releasing factor) on GH secretion and to determine the possible role of estradiol and progesterone in modifying theses secretion, we injected CRF (0.25, 0.75, 1, and 1.5 nmol of peptide dissolved in 1 microliter of water) directly into the ME in three experimental groups of rats: Long-term ovariectomized (OVX); OVX primed by estradiol (OVX +/- E) and OVX primed by estradiol plus progesterone (OVX +/- EP). Blood was collected to determine GH (30, 60, 90, and 120 min postinjection). Serum T3, T4, and glucose levels were measured in OVX +/- E rats 30 min postinjection. CRF at all doses studied significantly decreased serum GH levels in the three experimental groups. Serum T3, T4, and glucose levels were unchanged after CRF administration. The results suggest that: CRF inhibits "per se" GH secretion, at least in part, by a central action in the ME. The inhibitory effect of CRF on GH is independent of the estrogen/progesterone status of the animal. CRF at ME levels may participate in a variety of stress-related responses, including growth inhibition, through GH suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
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47
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Abad-Santos F, Carcas AJ, Guerra P, Govantes C, Montuenga C, Gómez E, Fernández A, Frias J. Evaluation of sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 36:748-51. [PMID: 8877680 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1996.tb04245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of 300 mg ranitidine was carried out in 16 healthy volunteers (8 men and 8 women), and the pharmacokinetics in both sexes were compared. There was bioequivalence of both formulations. The terminal half-life of ranitidine was 7% shorter and the oral apparent clearance 10.5% higher in women (1.44 L/h/kg) than in men (1.29 L/h/kg), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. No differences were observed in maximum concentration (Cmax) or the time of its occurrence (tmax). Sex, age, and weight did not correlate significantly with oral clearance. These results suggest that there are no sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of ranitidine, or that any differences would not be of clinical relevance. It also should be emphasized that bioequivalence trials also can be used to study other pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic characteristics of drugs without damaging the main endpoint of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abad-Santos
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, Spain
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48
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Frias J, Vidal-Valverde C, Kozlowska H, Gorecki R, Honke J, Hedley CL. Evolution of soluble carbohydrates during the development of pea, faba bean and lupin seeds. Eur Food Res Technol 1996; 203:27-32. [PMID: 8765987 DOI: 10.1007/bf01267765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Ergo), faba bean (Vicia faba ssp. minor Harz., cv. Tibo) and yellow pea lupin (Lupinus luteus L. cv. Juno) were sampled at different days after flowering (DAF) and their content of soluble carbohydrates was determined. Analysis of samples showed that myo-inositol, fructose, glucose, galactose and sucrose were found in high abundance early in development and their content decreased gradually during maturation. alpha-Galactosides, which includes the content of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose, started to appear later in seed development, at 37 DAF in peas, 40 DAF in faba beans and 45 DAF in lupins. Their accumulation increased considerably during seed growth, and the maximum content was obtained in mature seeds; 3.8% in peas, 4.5% in faba beans and 10.4% in lupins. Results obtained for these sugars during seed development were fitted to modelling curves in order to predict sugar content at different development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frias
- Department of Applied Genetics, John Innes Institute, Norwich, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report nimodipine concentrations in breast milk and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a lactating woman who was given the drug to prevent a vascular spasm secondary to angiographic examination. METHODS A 36-year-old woman received a total dose of nimodipine 46 mg iv over 24 hours. She extracted milk when she noted mammary tightness, and blood samples were taken simultaneously by venipuncture in the arm contralateral to that of the nimodipine infusion. A CSF sample also was taken in a diagnostic lumbar puncture. RESULTS Nimodipine concentration in milk was much lower than that in serum, with a milk/serum ratio of 0.06-0.15. The CSF/serum ratio was 0.01. We estimate that the infant would have received between 0.008% and 0.092% of the weight-adjusted dose that was administered to the mother if the baby had been nursed. CONCLUSIONS Nimodipine is transferred to human milk in a lower proportion than are other calcium-channel blockers. These results suggest that treating the mother with nimodipine would entail no risk to the nursing infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Carcas
- Servicio de Farmacologi+58a Clínica, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Reeves AR, D'Elia JN, Frias J, Salyers AA. A Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron outer membrane protein that is essential for utilization of maltooligosaccharides and starch. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:823-30. [PMID: 8550519 PMCID: PMC177731 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.3.823-830.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that the first step in utilization of starch by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was binding of the polysaccharide to the cell surface, followed by translocation of the polysaccharide across the outer membrane into the periplasm. In this study, we report the molecular characterization of a gene that encodes an outer membrane protein that is essential for utilization of both maltooligosaccharides and starch. The gene, susC, encoded a protein of 115.3 kDa. Antibodies were raised against SusC, and the outer membrane location of SusC could be confirmed by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. SusC had a possible signal sequence of between 20 and 39 amino acids, depending on which N-terminal methionine initiates the start of the protein. It also had some features typical of well-characterized outer membrane proteins from members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as a terminal phenylalanine residue and a region in the amino portion of the protein thought to be involved in stabilizing the protein in the outer membrane. The amino acid sequence, together with results of gene disruption experiments, suggested that SusC was not an amylolytic enzyme. Transcriptional fusion experiments, using beta-glucuronidase as a reporter group, showed that expression of susC was maltose regulated at the transcriptional level. This is the first molecular characterization of a B. thetaiotaomicron outer membrane protein involved in maltooligosaccharide and starch utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Reeves
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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