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Ijaz M, Nadeem N, Hamza A, Almutairi M, Atique U. Didymin protects against polystyrene nanoplastic-induced hepatic damage in male albino rats by modulation of Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13173. [PMID: 38265346 PMCID: PMC10802227 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that can cause oxidative stress in various organs, including the liver. Didymin is a dietary flavanone that displays multiple pharmacological activities. Therefore, the present study evaluated the palliative role of didymin against PS-NPs-induced hepatic damage in rats. Albino rats (n=48) were randomly distributed into 4 groups: control, PS-NPs treated group, PS-NPs + didymin co-administered group, and didymin supplemented group. After 30 days, PS-NPs intoxication lowered the expression of Nrf-2 and anti-oxidant genes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)], whereas the expression of KEAP1 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap-1) was increased. PS-NPs exposure also reduced the activities of anti-oxidants enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GSR, GST, GSH, and OH-1), while malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased. The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were increased in PS-NPs-exposed rats. Moreover, inflammatory indices [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] were increased in PS-NPs-exposed rats. Furthermore, PS-NPs intoxication increased the expressions of apoptotic markers including Bax and Caspase-3, as well as reducing Bcl-2 expression. The histopathological analysis showed significant damage in PS-NPs-treated rats. However, didymin supplementation ameliorated all the PS-NPs-induced damage in the liver of rats. Therefore, it was concluded that didymin can act as a remedy against PS-NPs-induced liver toxicity due to its anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.U. Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - N. Nadeem
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A. Hamza
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M.H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - U. Atique
- College of Biological Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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2
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Nadeem N, Khan KM, Koala M, Islam M, Chohan TA, Khan SA, Fatima N, Bashir K, Qamar S, Chaman S, Tahir MA, Mannan A. Cytotoxic, In Vitro Enzyme Inhibitory Potential and Phytochemical Profiling of Odontonema Strictum. Pharmacogn Mag 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221137394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Odontonema strictum is an herbaceous plant, indigenous to Central America and Central Africa, and has been used traditionally by the local community against various ailments. The current piece of work was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of O. strictum by using brine shrimp lethality and the in vitro cytotoxicity/viability assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT]), as well as the in vitro enzyme inhibitory potential by using alpha-amylase, protein kinase enzymes and phytochemical analysis of the different extracts of aerial parts of O. strictum. Materials and Method Extracts of aerial parts of O. strictum were prepared through the successive extraction method using solvents with the order of polarity as n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Cytotoxicity was assessed through brine shrimp lethality assay and in vitro cell viability assay (MTT), whereas enzyme inhibition potential was evaluated through Alpha-amylase and protein kinase assay. Phytochemical analysis was done by assessing the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of both leaves and flowers. Results All the extracts exhibited various phytochemical and biological activities. Remarkable toxicity profiles against the brine shrimp lethality assay (LD50:11.5 µg/mL) were shown by the leaf extracts, whereas both leaves and flowers exhibited promising anti-proliferative activity, assessed by the MTT assay. Significant alpha-amylase and protein kinase inhibition potential were manifested by leave extracts with IC50:195.6 µg/mL and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 16.3 µg/mL respectively. The phytochemical analysis of the plant showed that it was sufficiently rich in phenolic compounds with a total phenolic content and total flavonoid content (96.8 µg GAE/mg and 65.1 µg QE/mg, respectively). Conclusion It is plausible to believe that the cytotoxic and enzymatic activity of the aerial parts of O. strictum aerial parts might be, at least partly, to the presence of phenolic chemicals and could be a possible source of cytotoxic agent and an enzyme inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Maqbool Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moumouni Koala
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Muhammad Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Bashir
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Qamar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Chaman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Mannan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
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Knowles L, Nadeem N, Chowienczyk PJ. Do anti-tumour necrosis factor-α biologics affect subclinical measures of atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis? A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:837-851. [PMID: 31957052 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory cytokines, particularly tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), are thought to promote arterial disease through a variety of mechanisms leading to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. We reviewed the existing evidence of the effect of anti-TNFα treatment on arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis in chronic inflammatory disease. METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies examining effects of monoclonal antibodies against TNFα on subclinical measures of arteriosclerosis (arterial pulse wave velocity) and atherosclerosis (endothelial function measured by flow-mediated dilation or forearm blood flow responses to endothelium-dependent agonists, and common carotid intima-media thickness). RESULTS We identified 60 studies (of 854 potential studies identified using a systematic search) in which effects of anti-TNFα biologics on these measures were assessed in patients receiving anti-TNFα therapy for a clinical indication (usually an inflammatory disease such as an inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease). Of these, only 6 were randomised clinical controlled trials. Whilst many observational studies and noncontrolled studies reported positive findings, positive finding were reported in only 1 of 6 randomised clinical controlled trials. CONCLUSIONS There is no strong evidence for an effect of anti-TNFα biologics on the subclinical measures of arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis examined in this review. This does not exclude a positive effect of TNFα biologics on clinical outcomes through alternate pathways including those induced by remission of the primary inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nida Nadeem
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK
| | - Philip J Chowienczyk
- Guy's and St Thomas's Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK
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4
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Nadeem N, Gidwani K, Huhtinen K, Kekki H, Hynninen J, Poutanen M, Carpen O, Lamminmäki U, Pettersson K. Europium nanoparticle-conjugated Sialyl-TN monoclonal antibody discriminates epithelial ovarian cancer-based CA125 from benign sources. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Jain S, Nadeem N, Huhtinen K, Pettersson K, Gidwani K. Glycoprofiling of epithelial ovarian cancer CA125 with lectin coated europium nanoparticles. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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7
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McEneny J, McKavanagh P, York E, Nadeem N, Harbinson M, Stevenson M, Ball P, Lusk L, Trinick T, Young IS, McKay GJ, Donnelly PM. Serum- and HDL3-serum amyloid A and HDL3-LCAT activity are influenced by increased CVD-burden. Atherosclerosis 2015; 244:172-8. [PMID: 26647373 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High density lipoproteins (HDL) protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, increased serum amyloid-A (SAA) related inflammation may negate this property. This study investigated if SAA was related to CVD-burden. METHODS Subjects referred to the rapid chest pain clinic (n = 240) had atherosclerotic burden assessed by cardiac computerised tomography angiography. Subjects were classified as: no-CVD (n = 106), non-obstructive-CVD, stenosis<50% (n = 58) or moderate/significant-CVD, stenosis ≥50% (n = 76). HDL was subfractionated into HDL2 and HDL3 by rapid-ultracentrifugation. SAA-concentration was measured by ELISA and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity measured by a fluorimetric assay. RESULTS We illustrated that serum-SAA and HDL3-SAA-concentration were higher and HDL3-LCAT-activity lower in the moderate/significant-CVD-group, compared to the no-CVD and non-obstructive-CVD-groups (percent differences: serum-SAA, +33% & +30%: HDL3-SAA, +65% and +39%: HDL3-LCAT, -6% & -3%; p < 0.05 for all comparisons). We also identified a positive correlation between serum-SAA and HDL3-SAA (r = 0.698; p < 0.001) and a negative correlation between HDL3-SAA and HDL3-LCAT-activity (r = -0.295; p = 0.003), while CVD-burden positively correlated with serum-SAA (r = 0.150; p < 0.05) and HDL3-SAA (r = 0.252; p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HDL3-LCAT-activity (r = -0.182; p = 0.006). Additionally, multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, CRP and serum-SAA illustrated that HDL3-SAA was significantly associated with modifying CVD-risk of moderate/significant CVD-risk (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated increased SAA-related inflammation in subjects with moderate/significant CVD-burden, which appeared to impact on the antiatherogenic potential of HDL. We suggest that SAA may be a useful biomarker to illustrate increased CVD-burden, although this requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane McEneny
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter McKavanagh
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund York
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nida Nadeem
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Harbinson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stevenson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ball
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Lusk
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Trinick
- Clinical Biochemistry, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Young
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M Donnelly
- Cardiovascular Research Department, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
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8
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Ziadi MC, Ameriso J, Diodato L, Villavicencio R, Sallam L, Bligh M, Burrell S, Hancock Friesen C, Nadeem N, Lo C, Prado Diaz S, Refoyo Salicio E, Valbuena Lopez S, Gemma D, Moreno Yanguela M, Lopez-Sendon J, Torres M, Cuesta E, Guzman Martinez G, Aggarwal N, Snipelisky D, Di Palo A, Niccoli Asabella A, Notaristefano A, Ferrari C, Altini C, Merenda N, Rubini G. Clinical Case Session II: Monday 4 May 2015, 10:00-11:00 * Room: Venecia. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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McEneny J, McKavanagh P, York E, Nadeem N, Lusk L, Ball P, Trinick T, Stevenson M, Young I, Donnelly P. Abstract 461: Compositional Changes to High-Density Lipoproteins That Are Related to Increased Cardiocascular Disease Burden. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.34.suppl_1.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease characterized by the build up of lipid derived plaques, and an individual’s risk of acute coronary syndrome is related to plaque burden and composition. Multiple risk markers for atherosclerosis and CVD act in a synergistic way through inflammatory pathways. One such inflammatory marker is serum amyloid A (SAA), which associates with HDL, negating its antiatherogeinc properties, which may have a causal role in atherosclerosis development.
This study examined if SAA was related to CVD burden, and if this influenced the antiatherogenic properties of HDL.
Subjects (n=240) referred to the rapid chest pain clinic at the Ulster Hospital UK, had atherosclerotic burden assessed by cardiac computerised tomography (CCT) and were classified as no CVD; mild CVD stenosis <50% and moderate/severe CVD stenosis >50%. HDL
2
and HDL
3
were isolated from serum by rapid ultracentrifugation. SAA was measured by an ELISA procedure, lipids by a colorimetric method and CETP activity by a fluorimetric assay.
Results:
Although lipids were similar in HDL
2
across the groups, lipids decreased in HDL
3
with increasing CVD burden. In addition, the concentration of SAA and the activity of CETP increased with increasing CVD burden (see table). Additionally, ordinal regression analysis illustrated that HDL
3
-SAA and HDL
2
-CETP where independently related to CVD burden (p=0.001).
Conclusions:
This study has shown that SAA was associated with increased CVD burden and that HDL had altered lipid composition and increased CETP activity. Thus, SAA and CETP may be useful biomarkers for the detection and assessment of CVD.
Funded by Heart-Research UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane McEneny
- Cntr for Public Health, Queen's Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edmund York
- Cntr for Public Health, Queen's Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nida Nadeem
- Cntr for Public Health, Queen's Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Lusk
- Cardiovascular Rsch Dept, Ulster Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - P Ball
- Cardiovascular Rsch Dept, Ulster Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Trinick
- Clinical Biochemistry, Ulster Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stevenson
- Cntr for Public Health, Queen's Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Young
- Cntr for Public Health, Queen's Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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10
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Chen J, Murtaza G, Nadeem N, Shao X, Siddiqi BG, Shafique Z, Ahmad S, Amjad ST, Haroon S, Tanoli M, Zhou M. A questionnaire based survey study for the evaluation of knowledge of Pakistani University teachers regarding their awareness about ibuprofen as an over the counter analgesic. Acta Pol Pharm 2014; 71:337-342. [PMID: 25272655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent time, due to convenient availability of number of over the counter (OTC) drugs, patients are able to treat minor ailments by themselves. The self-medicated regimen has lead to certain health problems in all age groups irrespective of their professions. People are usually unaware about the safe use of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and currently there is no study carried out in COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Abbottabad, regarding the choice of faculty members for NSAIDs to relieve pain and their knowledge about its safety and use. A questionnaire based survey was carried out to collectdata about the choice of CIIT faculty for a specific NSAID and their cognition related to ibuprofen. Two hundred fifty faculty members (comprising of 53 pharmacy faculty members and 197 faculty members who belonged to other departments) of which 87 were females, took part in this study. Average age of participants was 34.86 +/- 9.02 years. Ibuprofen was the drug of choice NSAID among the participants. Four percent participants experienced pain almost every day. Analgesia was the well known indication for ibuprofen (31%) by both the groups and in general more educated and younger participants showed better apprehension related to indications. Sixty one percent participants comprising of non-pharmacy faculty were unaware of any undesirable effects and 79% (comprising of 72% pharmacists and 5% non-pharmacists) were affirmative that ibuprofen had no adverse effects. Fifteen percent participants of department other than pharmacy were not aware of any interactions of ibuprofen. 34% of participants (comprising of 32% non-pharmacists and 2% pharmacists) entrusted their physician for an analgesic. Regardless that many participants suffered from pain almost every day and their drug of choice would be ibuprofen, they had inadequate information related to the safety and use of ibuprofen.
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11
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Wade L, Nadeem N, Young IS, Woodside JV, McGinty A, McMaster C, McEneny J. α-Tocopherol induces proatherogenic changes to HDL2 & HDL3: An in vitro and ex vivo investigation. Atherosclerosis 2013; 226:392-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Venkatachalam V, Quraishi A, Mann G, Kidwai B, Abonowara A, Lee T, Nadeem N, Love M, Title L, Kells C, Beydoun H. 268 Study of 30 Days Mortality in a Contemporary Population Of Elderly Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Intervention in Acute ST Elevation MI. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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13
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McNeilly AM, Davison GW, Murphy MH, Nadeem N, Trinick T, Duly E, Novials A, McEneny J. Effect of α-lipoic acid and exercise training on cardiovascular disease risk in obesity with impaired glucose tolerance. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:217. [PMID: 22107734 PMCID: PMC3268114 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are more susceptible than healthy individuals to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease. This randomised controlled investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that α-lipoic acid supplementation and exercise training may elicit favourable clinical changes in obese subjects with IGT. All data were collected from 24 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) IGT patients. Following participant randomisation into two groups, fasting venous blood samples were obtained at baseline, and before and following intervention. The first group consisted of 12 participants who completed a 12 week control phase followed by 12 weeks of chronic exercise at 65% HRmax for 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week, while ingesting 1 gram per day of α-lipoic acid for 12 weeks. The second group consisted of 12 participants who completed the same 12 week control phase, but this was followed by 12 weeks of 1 gram per day of α-lipoic acid supplementation only (no exercise). The main findings show a comparatively greater rate of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the group consisting of α-lipoic acid only (p < 0.05 vs. pre intervention), although total oxidant status was lower post intervention (p < 0.05 vs. baseline) in this group. However, exercise and α-lipoic acid in combination attenuates LDL oxidation. Furthermore, in the α-lipoic acid supplement plus exercise training group, total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased (p < 0.05 vs. baseline and pre intervention). Body fat percentage and waist and hip circumference decreased following exercise training (p < 0.05 vs. post intervention). There were no selective treatment differences for a range of other clinical outcomes including glycaemic regulation (p > 0.05). These findings report that α-lipoic acid ingestion may increase the atherogenicity of LDL when ingested in isolation of exercise, suggesting that in IGT the use of this antioxidant treatment does not ameliorate metabolic disturbances, but instead may detrimentally contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and development of CVD. However, when α-lipoic acid is combined with exercise, this atherogenic effect is abolished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M McNeilly
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, BT37 OQB, UK
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14
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Nadeem N, Woodside JV, Kelly S, Allister R, Young IS, McEneny J. The two faces of α- and γ-tocopherols: an in vitro and ex vivo investigation into VLDL, LDL and HDL oxidation. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:845-51. [PMID: 21715151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E and its derivatives, namely, the tocopherols, are known antioxidants, and numerous clinical trials have investigated their role in preventing cardiovascular disease; however, evidence to date remains inconclusive. Much of the in vitro research has focused on tocopherol's effects during low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, with little attention being paid to very LDL (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Also, it is now becoming apparent that γ-tocopherol may potentially be more beneficial in relation to cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVES Do α- and γ-tocopherols become incorporated into VLDL, LDL and HDL and influence their oxidation potential in an in vitro and ex vivo situation? DESIGN Following (i) an in vitro investigation, where plasma was preincubated with increasing concentrations of either α- or γ-tocopherol and (ii) an in vivo 4-week placebo-controlled intervention with α- or γ-tocopherol. Tocopherol incorporation into VLDL, LDL and HDL was measured via high-pressure liquid chromatography, followed by an assessment of their oxidation potential by monitoring conjugated diene formation. RESULTS In vitro: Both tocopherols became incorporated into VLDL, LDL and HDL, which protected VLDL and LDL against oxidation. However and surprisingly, the incorporation into HDL demonstrated pro-oxidant properties. Ex vivo: Both tocopherols were incorporated into all three lipoproteins, protecting VLDL and LDL against oxidation; however, they enhanced the oxidation of HDL. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that α- and γ-tocopherols display conflicting oxidant activities dependent on the lipoprotein being oxidized. Their pro-oxidant activity toward HDL may go some way to explain why supplementation studies with vitamin E have not been able to display cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Nadeem
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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15
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Nadeem N, Woodside J, Young I, McEneny J. 652 SERUM AMYLOID A DECREASES FOLLOWING FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTERVENTION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Boone RH, Webb JG, Horlick E, Benson L, Cao QL, Nadeem N, Kiess M, Hijazi ZM. Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation using the Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 75:286-94. [PMID: 19924775 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conduits placed in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) have limited longevity which often requires increasingly complex reoperations. Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation improves conduit hemodynamics through a minimally invasive approach. We present data for 7 patients treated with the Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve (THV). PATIENTS Patients' ranged in age from 16 to 52 years, one was female, and all had NYHA class II-III symptoms. Patients had pulmonary homografts that had been placed 2-25 years earlier during the Ross procedure (n = 4), repaired double outlet right ventricle with situs inversus (n = 1), or Rastelli repair for D-TGA, pulmonary atresia, and ventricular septal defect (n = 2). Patients had either severe pulmonary stenosis and/or moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation. RESULTS All patients had successful percutaneous implantation of the 23 mm SAPIEN THV under general anesthesia. Fluoroscopy times ranged from 16 to 49 mins and procedure times ranged from 110 to 237 mins. The RV:systemic pressure ratio decreased from 78 +/- 18 to 39 +/- 8%, the RVOT gradient improved from 60.7 +/- 24.3 to 14.9 +/- 6.9 mm Hg, no patients had pulmonary insufficiency, and all patients had symptom improvement. At a maximum follow-up of 3.5 years (median 22.5 months), Doppler peak gradients ranged from 7-36 mm Hg, and there is no evidence of late stent fracture or structural valve failure. CONCLUSION The SAPIEN THV can be used successfully in the treatment of patients with right ventricle to pulmonary artery homograft failure. The valve is durable to at least 3.5 years without stent fracture or regurgitation. Clinical trials are underway to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of this valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Boone
- St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Nadeem N, Woodside J, Young I, McEneny J. Abstract: P1426 PRO-OXIDANT EFFECTS OF A & G TOCOPHEROL DURING HDL OXIDATION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nadeem N, Woodside J, Neville C, Gilchrist S, Young I, McEneny J. Abstract: 602 THE EFFECT OF INCREASED FRUIT & VEGETABLE (F&V) INTAKE ON MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN AN ELDERLY POPULATION: THE ADIT STUDY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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