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Saure LM, Kohlmann N, Qiu H, Shetty S, Shaygan Nia A, Ravishankar N, Feng X, Szameit A, Kienle L, Adelung R, Schütt F. Hybrid Aeromaterials for Enhanced and Rapid Volumetric Photothermal Response. ACS Nano 2023; 17:22444-22455. [PMID: 37963588 PMCID: PMC10690840 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of light into heat is essential for a broad range of technologies such as solar thermal heating, catalysis and desalination. Three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanomaterial-based aerogels have been shown to hold great promise as photothermal transducer materials. However, until now, their light-to-heat conversion is limited by near-surface absorption, resulting in a strong heat localization only at the illuminated surface region, while most of the aerogel volume remains unused. We present a fabrication concept for highly porous (>99.9%) photothermal hybrid aeromaterials, which enable an ultrarapid and volumetric photothermal response with an enhancement by a factor of around 2.5 compared to the pristine variant. The hybrid aeromaterial is based on strongly light-scattering framework structures composed of interconnected hollow silicon dioxide (SiO2) microtubes, which are functionalized with extremely low amounts (in order of a few μg cm-3) of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets, acting as photothermal agents. Tailoring the density of rGO within the framework structure enables us to control both light scattering and light absorption and thus the volumetric photothermal response. We further show that by rapid and repeatable gas activation, these transducer materials expand the field of photothermal applications, like untethered light-powered and light-controlled microfluidic pumps and soft pneumatic actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M. Saure
- Functional Nanomaterials and Synthesis and Real Structure, Department
for
Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Kohlmann
- Functional Nanomaterials and Synthesis and Real Structure, Department
for
Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Haoyi Qiu
- Functional Nanomaterials and Synthesis and Real Structure, Department
for
Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Shwetha Shetty
- Materials
Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ali Shaygan Nia
- Department
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Center for Advancing Electronics
Dresden (cfaed), Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Narayanan Ravishankar
- Materials
Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Center for Advancing Electronics
Dresden (cfaed), Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Department for Physics and Department of Life,
Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Functional Nanomaterials and Synthesis and Real Structure, Department
for
Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel
Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz
4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials and Synthesis and Real Structure, Department
for
Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel
Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz
4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Schütt
- Functional Nanomaterials and Synthesis and Real Structure, Department
for
Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel
Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz
4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Lupan O, Santos-Carballal D, Magariu N, Mishra AK, Ababii N, Krüger H, Wolff N, Vahl A, Bodduluri MT, Kohlmann N, Kienle L, Adelung R, de Leeuw NH, Hansen S. Al 2O 3/ZnO Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Volatile Organic Compounds in Safety Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:29331-29344. [PMID: 35704838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in harsh environments, especially for safety applications, is a growing field that requires specialized sensor structures. In this work, we demonstrate the sensing properties toward the most common VOCs of columnar Al2O3/ZnO heterolayer-based sensors. We have also developed an approach to tune the sensor selectivity by changing the thickness of the exposed amorphous Al2O3 layer from 5 to 18 nm. Columnar ZnO films are prepared by a chemical solution method, where the exposed surface is decorated with an Al2O3 nanolayer via thermal atomic layer deposition at 75 °C. We have investigated the structure and morphology as well as the vibrational, chemical, electronic, and sensor properties of the Al2O3/ZnO heterostructures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies show that the upper layers consist of amorphous Al2O3 films. The heterostructures showed selectivity to 2-propanol vapors only within the range of 12-15 nm thicknesses of Al2O3, with the highest response value of ∼2000% reported for a thickness of 15 nm at the optimal working temperature of 350 °C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the Al2O3/ZnO(1010) interface and its interaction with 2-propanol (2-C3H7OH), n-butanol (n-C4H9OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), acetone (CH3COCH3), hydrogen (H2), and ammonia (NH3) show that the molecular affinity for the Al2O3/ZnO(1010) interface decreases from 2-propanol (2-C3H7OH) ≈ n-butanol (n-C4H9OH) > ethanol (C2H5OH) > acetone (CH3COCH3) > hydrogen (H2), which is consistent with our gas response experiments for the VOCs. Charge transfers between the surface and the adsorbates, and local densities of states of the interacting atoms, support the calculated strength of the molecular preferences. Our findings are highly important for the development of 2-propanol sensors and to our understanding of the effect of the heterojunction and the thickness of the top nanolayer on the gas response, which thus far have not been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lupan
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Computers, Informatics and Microelectronics, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare str., MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, United States
| | | | - Nicolae Magariu
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Computers, Informatics and Microelectronics, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare str., MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Abhishek Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Nicolai Ababii
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Computers, Informatics and Microelectronics, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare str., MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Helge Krüger
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Wolff
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Synthesis and Real Structure, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Vahl
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mani Teja Bodduluri
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology (ISIT), Itzehoe, Fraunhoferstraße 1, Itzehoe D-25524, Germany
| | - Niklas Kohlmann
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Synthesis and Real Structure, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Synthesis and Real Structure, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hansen
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
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Kohlmann N, Hansen L, Lupan C, Schürmann U, Reimers A, Schütt F, Adelung R, Kersten H, Kienle L. Fabrication of ZnO Nanobrushes by H 2-C 2H 2 Plasma Etching for H 2 Sensing Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:61758-61769. [PMID: 34907774 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide has widespread use in diverse applications due to its distinct properties. Many of these applications benefit from controlling the morphology on the nanoscale, where for example gas sensing is strongly enhanced for high surface-to-volume ratios. In this work the formation of novel ZnO nanobrushes by plasma etching treatment as a new approach is presented. The morphology and structure of the ZnO nanobrushes are studied in detail by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It is revealed that ZnO nanobrush structures are fabricated by self-patterned preferential etching of ZnO microtetrapods in a hydrogen-acetylene plasma. The etching process was found to be most effective at 1% C2H2 admixture. Nanowire arrays are formed enabled by sidewall passivation due to a-C:H deposition. The nanobrush structures are further stabilized by simultaneous deposition of a SiOx layer from the opposite direction. Highly sensitive (gas response S = 148), selective, and fast (response time 15 s, recovery time 6 s) hydrogen sensors are fabricated from single nanobrushes. Single nanobrush sensors show enhanced sensing performance in increased gas response S of at least 10 times and improved response as well as recovery times when compared to nonporous single ZnO nanorod sensors due to the small diameters (≈50 nm) of the formed nanowires as well as the strongly enhanced surface-to-volume ratio of the nanobrushes by a factor of more than 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Kohlmann
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Luka Hansen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Cristian Lupan
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Moldova, Chişinǎu 2004, Moldova
| | - Ulrich Schürmann
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Armin Reimers
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Schütt
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kersten
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
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