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Chatterjee RP, Chatterjee A, Ansari S, Chatterjee S, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty N. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of chikungunya virus among dengue-negative patients in Kolkata, India. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301644. [PMID: 38573991 PMCID: PMC10994276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya are co-circulating vector-borne diseases that share a significant number of clinical symptoms. To identify variables to aid physicians in making rapid and effective diagnostic decisions, we performed molecular diagnosis of the chikungunya virus and examined the clinical manifestations of chikungunya cases to identify the prevalence among dengue-negative individuals in Kolkata. Dengue suspected patients' samples were collected during January 2020-December 2021 and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods have been performed to confirm the prevalence of chikungunya infection among dengue-negative patients. By performing phylogenetic analysis, comparing clinical classifications, identifying disease aetiology using clinical and laboratory factors, and evaluating the time course of several clinical variables, we have evaluated the clinical manifestations linked to dengue and chikungunya virus infections. Chikungunya infection was found in 15.1% and 6.3% of the 635 dengue-negative patients, as determined by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Arthritis and myalgia were more common in chikungunya-infected patients at the time of hospital admission while conjunctivitis, photosensitivity, arthralgia, Anorexia, fatigue, retro-orbital pain, vomiting, dermatitis, or swollen glands were significantly presented as an overlapping symptom. Although dengue and chikungunya infections have significant clinical overlap, basic clinical and laboratory criteria can predict these diseases at presentation for proper management. Effective management enables doctors to treat and care for patients properly and contributes to the development of control measures for these infections in a medical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aroni Chatterjee
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Sabbir Ansari
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shilpa Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Roy D, Chakraborty N. Editorial: Impact of viral co-infection on cellular or human health and its clinical outcome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1399184. [PMID: 38633746 PMCID: PMC11022686 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1399184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Virus Research Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Abo-Amsha K, Awad HSAM, Chakraborty N. Flame self-interactions in MILD combustion of homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixtures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5525. [PMID: 38448459 PMCID: PMC10918185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Flame self-interaction (FSI) events in Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion of homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixtures of methane and oxidiser have been analysed using three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). The simulations have been conducted at the same global equivalence ratio ( ⟨ ϕ ⟩ = 0.8 ) for different levels of O 2 concentration (dilution) and initial turbulence intensities. It has been reported that both homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixture MILD combustion cases exhibit significant occurrences of FSI events, with the peak frequency of FSI events occurring towards the burned gas side in all cases. Moreover, the frequency of FSI events increases with increasing dilution level and turbulence intensity, but the presence of mixture inhomogeneity leads to a reduction in total FSI events. In all cases, the cylindrical FSI topologies (i.e. tunnel formation and tunnel closure) were found to have a higher likelihood of occurrence compared to spherical FSI topologies (i.e. unburned and burned gas pockets). The geometries of FSI topologies were also analysed using the mean and Gaussian curvatures. It has been shown that the inward propagating spherical FSI topologies (i.e. unburned gas pockets) are associated with negative mean curvature, while outward propagating spherical FSI topologies (i.e. burned gas pockets) are associated with positive mean curvature. Moreover, tunnel formation (tunnel closure) FSI topologies predominantly exhibit either elliptic geometries with positive (negative) mean curvature or hyperbolic saddle geometries with negative (positive) mean curvature. It has been shown for the first time in MILD combustion that the mean values of kinematic restoration and dissipation terms in the transport equation of the magnitude of the reaction progress variable conditional upon the reaction progress variable tend to cancel each other in the vicinity of the critical points associated with cylindrical topologies. Thus, the singular contributions in these terms, which are obtained from analytical descriptions in the vicinity of tunnel formation and tunnel closure topologies, do not affect the balance equation of the magnitude of the gradient of the reaction progress variable. Consequently, there is no need for a separate model treatment for singularities in modelling approaches based on the magnitude of the gradient of the reaction progress variable. The FSI events in the reaction dominated and propagating flame regions of MILD combustion have also been analysed for the first time. It has been found that more FSI events occur in the reaction dominated region, particularly towards the burned gas side. However, the majority of spherical FSI topologies are found in the propagating flame region. The findings from this study indicate that turbulence intensity, dilution level and mixture inhomogeneity effects need to be considered in any attempt to extend flame surface-based modelling approaches to MILD combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Abo-Amsha
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Hazem S A M Awad
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Nandi S, Nag A, Khatua S, Sen S, Chakraborty N, Naskar A, Acharya K, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Anticancer activity and other biomedical properties of β-sitosterol: Bridging phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence for future translational approaches. Phytother Res 2024; 38:592-619. [PMID: 37929761 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Sterols, including β-sitosterol, are essential components of cellular membranes in both plant and animal cells. Despite being a major phytosterol in various plant materials, comprehensive scientific knowledge regarding the properties of β-sitosterol and its potential applications is essential for scholarly pursuits and utilization purposes. β-sitosterol shares similar chemical characteristics with cholesterol and exhibits several pharmacological activities without major toxicity. This study aims to bridge the gap between phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence of β-sitosterol, focusing on its anticancer activity and other biomedical properties. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of β-sitosterol's potential for future translational approaches. A thorough examination of the literature was conducted to gather relevant information on the biological properties of β-sitosterol, particularly its anticancer therapeutic potential. Various databases were searched, including PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using appropriate keywords. Studies investigating the effects of β-sitosterol on different types of cancer were analyzed, focusing on mechanisms of action, pharmacological screening, and chemosensitizing properties. Modern pharmacological screening studies have revealed the potential anticancer therapeutic properties of β-sitosterol against various types of cancer, including leukemia, lung, stomach, breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancer. β-sitosterol has demonstrated chemosensitizing effects on cancer cells, interfering with multiple cell signaling pathways involved in proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, survival, metastasis invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Structural derivatives of β-sitosterol have also shown anti-cancer effects. However, research in the field of drug delivery and the detailed mode of action of β-sitosterol-mediated anticancer activities remains limited. β-sitosterol, as a non-toxic compound with significant pharmacological potential, exhibits promising anticancer effects against various cancer types. Despite being relatively less potent than conventional cancer chemotherapeutics, β-sitosterol holds potential as a safe and effective nutraceutical against cancer. Further comprehensive studies are recommended to explore the biological properties of β-sitosterol, including its mode of action, and develop novel formulations for its potential use in cancer treatment. This review provides a foundation for future investigations and highlights the need for further research on β-sitosterol as a potent superfood in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Somanjana Khatua
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Surjit Sen
- Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Arghya Naskar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Roy D, Chatterjee A, Mishra L, Chakraborty N. Progression of retinal choroidal neovascularization by latent human cytomegalovirus infection and immunological signaling among neonatal patients admitted to tertiary care hospital. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29478. [PMID: 38377063 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a serious condition that affects the retina, causing partial or complete blindness in people of different ages. While CNV is a common occurrence in various chorioretinopathies, research on its occurrence in neonates is limited. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant health threat to neonates, with a strong association with retinal angiogenesis. However, there has been limited investigation into HCMV-associated CNV progression. In this article, we extensively studied the expression of different inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during latent HCMV-associated retinal neovascularization. Our research found that HCMV-induced CNV progression was significantly prominent in the presence of AT2R-dependent angiogenesis (p < 0.001), whereas in the absence of HCMV, AT1R-dependent CCL-5-mediated angiogenesis was documented. We also observed significant increases in CCL-19, CCL-21 chemokine responses, followed by CCR-7 chemokine receptor activation (p < 0.001) in HCMV-induced CNV patients compared to HCMV non-induced CNV groups. Furthermore, significant changes in predictive chemokine markers of HCMV-induced CNV were positively correlated with HCMV viremia. These immunological alterations ultimately lead to the switching of NFκB canonical and noncanonical pathways, respectively, in HCMV-induced neonatal CNV and HCMV non-induced CNV. This clinical observation presents a novel hypothesis that ocular HCMV latency poses a noteworthy risk factor for the progression of retinal neovascularization through a distinctive immunological signaling pathway. The current study represents the first of its kind to report on this association, which may have significant implications for the clinical management of patients with ocular HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsopan Roy
- Virus Research Laboratory, ICMR-NICED, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aroni Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Lopamudra Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, IPGME&R, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Chakraborty N, Mitra R, Dasgupta D, Ganguly R, Acharya K, Minkina T, Popova V, Churyukina E, Keswani C. Unraveling lipid peroxidation-mediated regulation of redox homeostasis for sustaining plant health. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108272. [PMID: 38100892 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a complex process that, depending on the context, can either result in oxidative injury or promote redox homeostasis. LPO is a series of reactions in which polyunsaturated fatty acids are attacked by free radicals that result in the synthesis of lipid peroxides. LPO can alter membrane fluidity and operation and produce secondary products that amplify oxidative stress. LPO can activate cellular signaling pathways that promote antioxidant defense mechanisms that provide oxidative stress protection by elevating antioxidant enzyme action potentials. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms tightly regulate LPO to prevent excessive LPO and its adverse consequences. This article emphasizes the dual nature of LPO as a mechanism that can both damage cells and regulate redox homeostasis. In addition, it also highlights the major enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms that tightly regulate LPO to prevent excessive oxidative damage. More importantly, it emphasizes the importance of understanding the cellular and biochemical complexity of LPO for developing strategies targeting this process for efficient management of plant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College (affiliated to University of Calcutta), Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Rusha Mitra
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College (affiliated to University of Calcutta), Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Disha Dasgupta
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College (affiliated to University of Calcutta), Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Retwika Ganguly
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College (affiliated to University of Calcutta), Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia
| | - Victoria Popova
- Rostov Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Rostov-on-Don, 344012, Russia
| | - Ella Churyukina
- Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia.
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Kumar P, Parashar M, Chauhan K, Chakraborty N, Sarkar S, Chandra A, Das NS, Chattopadhyay KK, Ghoari A, Adalder A, Ghorai UK, Saini S, Agarwal D, Ghosh S, Srivastava P, Banerjee D. Significant enhancement in the cold emission characteristics of chemically synthesized super-hydrophobic zinc oxide rods by nickel doping. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:6944-6957. [PMID: 38059027 PMCID: PMC10696928 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00776f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The current article presents a huge enhancement in the field emission characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) micro/nanorods by nickel doping. The synthesis of pure and nickel-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) micro/nanorods was done by a simple low-temperature chemical method. Both the as-prepared pure and doped samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy to confirm the proper phase formation and the developed microstructure. UV-vis transmittance spectra helped in determining the band gap of the samples. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed the different bonds present in the sample, whereas X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of nickel in the doped sample. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed that after doping, the band-to-band transition was affected, whereas defect-induced transition had increased significantly. After the nickel doping, contact angle measurement revealed a significant decrease in the sample's surface energy, leading to a remarkably high water contact angle (within the superhydrophobic region). Simulation through ANSYS suggested that the doped sample has the potential to function as an efficient cold emitter, which was also verified experimentally. The cold emission characteristics of the doped sample showed a significant improvement, with the turn-on field (corresponding to J = 1 μA cm-2) reduced from 5.34 to 2.84 V μm-1. The enhancement factor for the doped sample reached 3426, approximately 1.5 times higher compared to pure ZnO. Efforts have been made to explain the results, given the favorable band bending as well as the increased number of effective emission sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad UP 244001 India
| | - M Parashar
- Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad UP 244001 India
| | - K Chauhan
- Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad UP 244001 India
| | - N Chakraborty
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - S Sarkar
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - A Chandra
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - N S Das
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Techno International Batanagar Maheshtala Kolkata 700141 India
| | - K K Chattopadhyay
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - A Ghoari
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira Belur Math Howrah-711202 India
| | - A Adalder
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira Belur Math Howrah-711202 India
| | - U K Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira Belur Math Howrah-711202 India
| | - S Saini
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas South West Delhi 110016 India
| | - D Agarwal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas South West Delhi 110016 India
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas South West Delhi 110016 India
| | - P Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas South West Delhi 110016 India
| | - D Banerjee
- Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad UP 244001 India
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Sahu H, Patil VM, Menon N, Singh AK, Biswas S, Janu A, Chakraborty N, Prabhash K, Noronha V. Infections in Patients with Advanced-stage Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-mutant Lung Cancer - a Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomised Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:811-812. [PMID: 37838606 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sahu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Janu
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Santos P, Chakraborty N, Salz T, Curry M, Vicioso NL, Mathis NJ, Caron M, Ostroff J, Guttman D, Salner AL, Panoff JE, McIntosh AF, Pfister DG, Yang JT, Snyderman AL, Gillespie EF. Implementation Outcomes of Strategies to Promote Short-Course Radiation for Nonspine Bone Metastases in an Academic-Community Partnership: Survey Results from the ALIGNMENT Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S124-S125. [PMID: 37784321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Local treatment of nonspine bone metastases has become increasingly complex, resulting in physician practice variability nationwide. The purpose of this study was to assess physician perceptions of 3 implementation strategies to promote adoption of short course radiotherapy (RT) for nonspine bone metastases. MATERIALS/METHODS ALIGNMENT ("Alliance Group for Bone Metastasis") was a multi-institutional stepped wedge cluster randomized implementation trial testing strategies to increase use of ≤5 fractions for nonspine bone metastases conducted across 3 clinical sites in an academic-community partnership. Strategies included a) multidisciplinary consensus guidelines, b) e-Consults, an email-based consultation platform, and c) personalized audit and feedback (A&F) reports with peer comparison. Using the Proctor et al. framework and validated questions from Weiner et al., physician surveys were used to assess each strategy's usefulness, acceptability (i.e., "I welcome [strategy]"), appropriateness (i.e., "[strategy] seems like a good match"), and feasibility (i.e., "[strategy] seems implementable" or "easy to use"). Survey responses were anonymized, so Fisher's Exact test was used to compare proportions with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS Overall, 29 of 38 and 30 of 38 physicians participated in the pre- and post-implementation surveys, respectively, with 80% completing both. Pre-implementation, guidelines was most often ranked 1st in terms of usefulness (61%), followed by eConsults (38%) and A&F (3%). Post-implementation, guidelines and eConsults had the most and least favorable acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility scores, respectively (Table), with 77% of physicians being likely to recommend the guidelines to other oncologists. In contrast, while 43% of physicians reported having at least 1 difficult clinical question regarding bone metastases during the study, only 33% of physicians preferred eConsults, while 50% preferred reaching out to a friend/colleague. Lastly, although A&F had the lowest perceived usefulness pre-implementation, A&F had the greatest increase in acceptability (72%→90%; p = 0.10), appropriateness (66%→90%; p = 0.03) feasibility ("implementable": 59%→93%, p = 0.002; "easy to use": 45%→93%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION In this multicenter trial, all strategies were acceptable, appropriate, and feasible, with guidelines and A&F showing the most favorable outcomes post-implementation. While guidelines were assessed as the most useful, A&F had significant increases in appropriateness and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Santos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - N Chakraborty
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - T Salz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M Curry
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - N Ledesma Vicioso
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - N J Mathis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M Caron
- Strategic Partnerships, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J Ostroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - D Guttman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A L Salner
- Hartford HealthCare Cancer Institute, Hartford, CT
| | - J E Panoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | - A F McIntosh
- Allentown Radiation Oncology Associates, Allentown, PA, United States
| | - D G Pfister
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J T Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - A Lipitz Snyderman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - E F Gillespie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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10
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Bambauer M, Hasslberger J, Ozel-Erol G, Chakraborty N, Klein M. Surface topologies and self interactions in reactive and nonreactive Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:837. [PMID: 36646821 PMCID: PMC9842686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) exhibits strong wrinkling of a reactive flame front after an interaction with a shock wave. High levels of deformation and wrinkling can cause the flame surface to intersect with itself, leading to the events of flame self interactions (FSI). As FSI can have a significant influence on the development and topology of the flame surface, it should be considered an important factor affecting the burning characteristics of the flame. The topological structure and statistics of FSI are analyzed using data from high-fidelity simulations of a planar shock wave interacting with a statistically planar hydrogen/air flame for stoichiometric, lean and nonreactive gas mixtures. FSI events are detected by searching for critical points in the field of the reaction progress variable c and divided into the following topological categories: burned gas mixture pocket (BP), unburned gas mixture pocket (UP), tunnel formation (TF) and tunnel closure (TC). It is found that reactivity and flame thickness are decisive factors, influencing the frequency and topological distribution of the detected FSI events. While in early RMI-stages the FSI is found to be mainly dependent on the flame thickness, later stages are heavily influenced by the reactivity, as high reactivity quickly burns out emerging wrinkled structures (in the stoichiometric case) leading to massively reduced levels of FSI. The findings are further supported by the results from the nonreactive case, which at later stages of the RMI closely resembles the less reactive lean case. Analysis of the topology distribution over time and conditioned over c, reveals further differences between the lean and stoichiometric case, as the strong wrinkling and mixing encountered with the lean case facilitates the build up of many pocket-type and tunnel-type interactions throughout the wrinkled flame front. For the stoichiometric case, mainly tunnel-type and unburned pocket topologies are found in the narrow flame funnels extending into the burned gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Bambauer
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Josef Hasslberger
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Gulcan Ozel-Erol
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Markus Klein
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
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Saldarriaga C, Chakraborty N, Kao I. Damping Selection for Cartesian Impedance Control With Dynamic Response Modulation. IEEE T ROBOT 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/tro.2021.3116855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Saldarriaga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Imin Kao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Sarkar A, Chakraborty N, Acharya K. Chitosan nanoparticles mitigate Alternaria leaf spot disease of chilli in nitric oxide dependent way. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 180:64-73. [PMID: 35390705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on protection of emerging Alternaria leaf spot disease of chilli by application of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP). CNP was prepared by ionotropic gelation method and characterized. Antifungal potential of CNP was also checked against Alternaria alternata and its mechanisms were unraveled. Foliar application of CNP (0.001%) improved plant innate immunity in two chilli cultivars (one tolerant and one susceptible) by inducing the activities of different defense related enzymes along with total phenol and flavonoid. CNP application also induced callose deposition and reduced cell death in both the cultivar. Signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) also augmented in CNP treated sets which were confirmed by both biochemical and microscopic data. In order to find out involvement of NO in CNP induced innate immunity in chilli cultivars, both NO surplus and NO depleted conditions were artificially created and defense responses were recorded. It was interesting to note that CNP mediated enhancement of defense responses in chilli plants was compromised in NO depleted condition. These results signify possible involvement of NO in CNP induced defense responses in chilli plants. It is evident from our results that CNP can be used to protect chilli plants against this fungal disease to develop a sustainable management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | | | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Banerjee G, Shokeen K, Chakraborty N, Agarwal S, Mitra A, Kumar S, Banerjee P. Modulation of immune response in Ebola virus disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:158-167. [PMID: 34425392 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus disease targets and destroys immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, leading to impairment of host response. After infection, a combination of strategies including alteration and evasion of immune response culminating in a strong inflammatory response can lead to multi-organ failure and death in most infected patients. This review discusses immune response dynamics, mainly focusing on how Ebola manipulates innate and adaptive immune responses and strategizes to thwart host immune responses. We also discuss the challenges and prospects of developing therapeutics and vaccines against Ebola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kamal Shokeen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Saumya Agarwal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Arindam Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Chakraborty N. Salicylic acid and nitric oxide cross-talks to improve innate immunity and plant vigor in tomato against Fusarium oxysporum stress. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:1415-1427. [PMID: 34109470 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Foliar application of SA cross-talks and induce endogenous nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species to improve innate immunity and vigor of tomato plant against Fusarium oxysporum stress. The present investigation was aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of salicylic acid (SA), as a powerful elicitor or plant growth regulator (PGR) and its cross-talk with nitric oxide (NO) in tomato against the biotic stress caused by wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Different defense-related enzymes and gene expression, phenol, flavonoid, and phenolic acid content along with NO generation and other physiological characters have been estimated after foliar application of SA. Total chlorophyll content was steadily maintained and the amount of death of cells was negligible after 72 h of SA treatment. Significant reduction of disease incidence was also recorded in SA treated sets. Simultaneously, NO generation was drastically improved at this stage, which has been justified by both spectrophotometrically and microscopically. A direct correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NO has been established. Production of defense enzymes, gene expressions, different phenolic acids was positively influenced by SA treatment. However, tomato plants treated with SA along with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor or NO scavenger significantly reduce all those parameters tested. On the other hand, NO donor-treated plants showed the same inductive effect like SA. Furthermore, SA treated seeds of tomato also showed improved physiological parameters like higher seedling vigor index, shoot and root length, mean trichome density, etc. It is speculated that the cross-talk between SA and endogenous NO have tremendous ability to improve defense responses and growth of the tomato plant. It can be utilized in future sustainable agriculture for bimodal action.
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Ghosh S, Nandi S, Banerjee A, Sarkar S, Chakraborty N, Acharya K. Prospecting medicinal properties of Lion's mane mushroom. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13833. [PMID: 34169530 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon, a popular medicinal edible mushroom, owns a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine and also in other oriental countries. Along with this, its several bioactive compounds have been evolved into food supplements. Meanwhile, this present investigation aimed at extracting bioactive components from fruiting bodies of H. erinaceus using two different solvents and evaluating its in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative efficacy. Chemical analysis showed extracts were rich in phenol, flavonoids, and ascorbic acids while lesser amount of carotenoids were also detected in these extracts. Both extracts were able to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (~76%) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radicals (~81%) and also showed chelating activity (~73.05%). The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (total antioxidant capacity 2.17 µg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg of extract) whereas methanolic extract showed moderate capacity (total antioxidant capacity 1.42 µg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg of extract). All extracts displayed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well (minimum inhibition concentration 1,575-2,750 µg/ml) although methanolic extract showed some selectivity towards bacterial strains. Apart from these, ethanolic fraction has found to exhibit potent cytotoxicity (IC50 403.12 µg/ml) towards lung adenocarcinoma cells. These studies thus provide the reference data that could support this mushroom as an easily accessible source of natural bioactive components. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Mushroom extracts have long been traditionally used as miracle medicine to treat an extensive range of ailments. These findings indicate the potential benefits of the Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon extracts for the development of multi-target therapeutics as well as extraction with appropriate solvents also provide leads for the isolation of various principle compounds. The extracts thus could be used to treat oxidative stress-related disorders as they are found to contain antioxidant compounds like phenols and others and also they possessed good antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipta Ghosh
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Botany Department, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Botany Department, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Anuron Banerjee
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata, India
| | - Swagata Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata, India
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Botany Department, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Botany Department, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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16
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Skolik RA, Solocinski J, Konkle ME, Chakraborty N, Menze MA. Global changes to HepG2 cell metabolism in response to galactose treatment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C778-C793. [PMID: 33439775 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00460.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell proliferation requires sufficient metabolic flux through the pentose phosphate pathway to meet the demand for biosynthetic precursors and to increase protection against oxidative stress which in turn requires an upregulation of substrate flow through glycolysis. This metabolic poise is often coupled with a shift in ATP production from mitochondrial OXPHOS to substrate-level phosphorylation. Despite major advances that were facilitated by using tumor-derived cell lines in research areas spanning from membrane to cytoskeletal biology, this distorted metabolic profile limits their impact as a model in physiology and toxicology. Substitution of glucose with galactose in the cell culture medium has been demonstrated to shift ATP production from substrate-level phosphorylation to mitochondrial OXPHOS. This increase in oxygen utilization is coupled to a global metabolic reorganization with potential impacts on macromolecule biosynthesis and cellular redox homeostasis, but a comprehensive analysis on the effects of sugar substitution in tumor-derived cells is still missing. To address this gap in knowledge we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells adapted to either glucose or galactose as the aldohexose source. We observed a shift toward oxidative metabolism in all primary metabolic pathways at both transcriptomic and metabolomic levels. We also observed a decrease in nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD(P)) levels and subcellular NAD+-to-NADH ratios in cells cultured with galactose compared with glucose control cells. Our results suggest that galactose reduces both glycolytic and biosynthetic flux and restores a metabolic poise in HepG2 cells that closely reflects the metabolic state observed in primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Skolik
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - J Solocinski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan
| | - M E Konkle
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - N Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan
| | - M A Menze
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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17
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Ghosh S, Chakraborty N, Banerjee A, Chatterjee T, Acharya K. Mycochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Two Different Tea Preparations from Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2021; 23:59-70. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2021040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Chakraborty N, Mukherjee P, Pal R. Intravenous Propofol and Inhalational Sevoflurane for Ease of Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomised Clinical Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2021. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/49212.15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) has gained extensive popularity for airway management during surgery. Propofol, the most commonly used induction agent for LMA insertion, causes significant haemodynamic changes. Sevoflurane has the potential to be as good an induction agent as propofol. Aim: To compare ease of insertion of classic LMA in patients undergoing elective surgery using intravenous propofol and inhalational sevoflurane. Materials and Methods: The study was a randomised clinical trial conducted in the Operation Theatres of Midnapur Medical College and Hospital, Medinipur, West Bengal, India, from August 2019 to July 2020. Eighty patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grade I and II, of both sexes, and aged between 18 years to 65 years were equally divided into two groups: group P (Propofol group) and group S (Sevoflurane group). Group P was given injection Propofol 2.5 mg/kg body weight and group S was given vital capacity breath induction with 8% sevoflurane and oxygen at 8 litres/min. Loss of Consciousness (LOC) was confirmed and induction time was noted for each group. After confirmation of ease of mouth opening, by an independent observer, LMA insertion was attempted. Ease of LMA insertion was assessed by a predefined 18 points table along with time to LMA insertion and number of attempts. Haemodynamic changes and adverse effects were also recorded. Chi-square test or Student’s t-test were used and a p-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: With respect to age, sex and weight there were no significant differences between the two groups. Induction time was significantly less in group P (51.85±6.66 seconds) compared to group S (68.38±13.93 seconds) (p-value=0.0001), but LMA insertion time, number of attempts and overall ease of LMA insertion conditions according to the 18 points score were comparable between the two groups. Mean arterial pressure at certain points after induction was significantly less in group P (at 3 minute p-value=0.009 and at 5 minute p-value=0.007). Apnea was significantly more in group P (p-value=0.023). Conclusion: Sevoflurane was comparable to propofol for LMA insertion in respect of ease of insertion and insertion time. Although induction time was significantly less for propofol, sevoflurane offered better haemodynamic stability and lesser incidence of apnea.
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Wood SGA, Chakraborty N, Smith MW, Summers MJ. Modelling the stochastic nature of porosity in a respirator canister using computational fluid dynamics. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
A hydrazone (1) based on 2-hydroxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde was synthesized and its anion and cation detection ability were studied. It could detect both fluoride in acetonitrile selectively among anions and copper ions in semiaqueous medium among cations. The addition of fluoride ion to the acetonitrile solution of the receptor produced a sharp colour change from light yellow to bluish green. The corresponding UV–vis measurements showed a red shift of the band of receptor 1 for fluoride and a blue shift of the band for copper ions. The fluorescence intensity of the receptor 1 got quenched with both fluoride and copper ions. The detection limits for both the ions are in order of micromolar level. The practical applications of fluoride detection were extended to oral care products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya B N Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 730 161, India
| | - Suman Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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21
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Chatterjee A, Mukherjee S, Basu B, Roy D, Basu R, Ghosh H, Mishra L, Bhattacharya M, Chakraborty N. Insight into the distinctive paradigm of Human Cytomegalovirus associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis in neonates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15861. [PMID: 32985571 PMCID: PMC7522230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus has been implicated as a probable cause for the development of hepatic cholestasis among neonates. Our study tried to ascertain the exact demographic, biochemical and immunological markers to differentially diagnose patients with HCMV associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis and also decipher the phylogenetic variability among the viral strains infecting the two groups. A total of 110 neonates collected over a span of 2 years were selected for the study classified into four different groups based on the presence of hepatic cholestasis and active HCMV infection. Our analysis predicted that total Cholesterol, GGT, ALP and TNFα were the only significant biological markers with exact cut-off scores, capable of distinguishing between HCMV associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. We confirmed that in patients belonging to both of these groups, the inflammasome is activated and the extent of this activation is more or less same except for the initial activators NLRP3 and AIM2 respectively. When we performed two separate phylogenetic analyses with HCMV gM and gN gene sequences, we found that in both cases the sequences from the IHC and EHC groups formed almost separate phylogenetic clusters. Our study has shown that the HCMV clinical strains infecting at intrahepatic and extrahepatic sites are phylogenetically segregated as distinct clusters. These two separate groups show different physiological as well as immunological modulations while infecting a similar host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroni Chatterjee
- Virus Research Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, GB4, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Dr. S.C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Biswanath Basu
- Department of Paediatrics, N. R. S. Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Debsopan Roy
- Virus Research Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, GB4, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Dr. S.C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Rivu Basu
- Department of Community Medicine, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700004, India
| | - Hiya Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, IPGMER & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Lopamudra Mishra
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Mala Bhattacharya
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Virus Research Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, GB4, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Dr. S.C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India.
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Yigit S, Hasslberger J, Klein M, Chakraborty N. Near wall Prandtl number effects on velocity gradient invariants and flow topologies in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14887. [PMID: 32913221 PMCID: PMC7483783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The statistical behaviours of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor and flow topologies for Rayleigh–Bénard convection of Newtonian fluids in cubic enclosures have been analysed using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) for a range of different values of Rayleigh (i.e. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$Ra=10^7-10^9$$\end{document}Ra=107-109) and Prandtl (i.e. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$Pr=1$$\end{document}Pr=1 and 320) numbers. The behaviours of second and third invariants of the velocity gradient tensor suggest that the bulk region of the flow at the core of the domain is vorticity-dominated whereas the regions in the vicinity of cold and hot walls, in particular in the boundary layers, are found to be strain rate-dominated and this behaviour has been found to be independent of the choice of Ra and Pr values within the range considered here. Accordingly, it has been found that the focal topologies S1 and S4 remain predominant in the bulk region of the flow and the volume fraction of nodal topologies increases in the vicinity of the active hot and cold walls for all cases considered here. However, remarkable differences in the behaviours of the joint probability density functions (PDFs) between second and third invariants of the velocity gradient tensor (i.e. Q and R) have been found in response to the variations of Pr. The classical teardrop shape of the joint PDF between Q and R has been observed away from active walls for all values of Pr, but this behavior changes close to the heated and cooled walls for high values of Pr (e.g. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$Pr=320$$\end{document}Pr=320) where the joint PDF exhibits a shape mirrored at the vertical Q-axis. It has been demonstrated that the junctions at the edges of convection cells are responsible for this behaviour for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$Pr=320$$\end{document}Pr=320, which also increases the probability of finding S3 topologies with large negative magnitudes of Q and R. By contrast, this behaviour is not observed in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$Pr=1$$\end{document}Pr=1 case and these differences between flow topology distributions in Rayleigh–Bénard convection in response to Pr suggest that the modelling strategy for turbulent natural convection of gaseous fluids may not be equally well suited for simulations of turbulent natural convection of liquids with high values of Pr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Yigit
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Bundeswehr University Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany.
| | - Josef Hasslberger
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Bundeswehr University Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Markus Klein
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Bundeswehr University Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Chatterjee A, Mukherjee S, Basu B, Roy D, Basu R, Ghosh H, Bhattacharya M, Chakraborty N. A cross-sectional study exploring disease characteristics and phylogenetic nature of human cytomegalovirus among infected neonates with congenital nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:1257-1266. [PMID: 32170428 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a rare but serious condition which affects neonates and is caused by monogenic defects of glomerular structural proteins or congenital viral infections. Several reports have established a causal relationship between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) intrauterine infection and CNS, but thorough study assessing parameters has not yet been done. METHODS This study aimed to ascertain significant demographic, biochemical, serological, inflammatory and etiological parameters with 12 months follow-up to clinically identify and monitor neonates with HCMV-associated CNS and sought to decipher the phylogenetic nature of infecting strains. Differences between four patient groups (neonates < 4 weeks old) with or without CNS and HCMV infection were compared by unpaired t testing and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Linear regression was performed to assess statistical significance among individual groups. Maximum-likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis was performed with HCMV gH gene sequences to compare clinically isolated and referenced NCBI strains. This was further supported by analysis of effective number of codons (ENc), codon adaptation index (CAI) and mRNA structural variation. RESULTS Patients with HCMV-associated CNS were found to have significant variations in many studied parameters compared with controls. The majority of clinical strains formed a separate phylogenetic cluster defining them as somewhat distinct from standard reference strains, which was supported by the other analyses. CONCLUSION This study defined parameters for monitoring cases of HCMV-associated CNS, which suggest the possible existence of a selection force acting and rendering these HCMV strains able to infect selective host tissues and cause specific disease types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Biswanath Basu
- Department of Paediatrics, N.R.S. Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Debsopan Roy
- Virus Research Laboratory, ICMR-NICED, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Rivu Basu
- Department of Community Medicine, R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700004, India
| | - Hiya Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, IPGMER & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Mala Bhattacharya
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. B.C.Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences, Kolkata, 700054, India
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Sarkar J, Chakraborty N, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharjee A, Dasgupta D, Acharya K. Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Defence and Antioxidant Enzymes in Lens culinaris. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E312. [PMID: 32059367 PMCID: PMC7075127 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) in a cost-effective and eco-friendly way has gained its importance. CuONPs has been prepared from copper sulfate by using Adiantum lunulatum whole plant extract. CuONPs have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, transmission electron microscope, etc. Mono-disperse, spherical, pure, and highly stable CuONPs have formed with an average diameter of 6.5 ± 1.5 nm. Biosynthesized CuONPs at different concentrations were applied to seeds of Lens culinaris. Physiological characteristics were investigated in the germinated seeds. Roots obtained from the seeds treated with 0.025 mgmL-1 concentration of CuONPs showed highest activity of different defence enzymes and total phenolics. However, at higher concentration it becomes close to control. It showed gradual increase of antioxidative enzymes, in accordance with the increasing dose of CuONPs. Likewise, lipid peroxidation and proline content gradually increased with the increasing concentration. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation was also altered due to CuONPs treatment indicating stress signal transduction. Finally, this study provides a new approach of the production of valuable CuONPs, is a unique, economical, and handy tool for large scale saleable production which can also be used as a potent plant defence booster instead of other commercial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Garia, Kolkata 700084, India;
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata 700006, India; (N.C.); (A.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India;
| | - Avisek Bhattacharjee
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata 700006, India; (N.C.); (A.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Disha Dasgupta
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata 700006, India; (N.C.); (A.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
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Chakraborty N, Mukherjee K, Sarkar A, Acharya K. Interaction between Bean and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides: Understanding Through a Biochemical Approach. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E345. [PMID: 31547386 PMCID: PMC6783891 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its role in animals, nowadays nitric oxide (NO) is considered as an emerging signaling molecule in plant systems. It is now believed that NO exerts its pivotal role in various plant physiological processes, such as in seed germination, plant developmental stages, and plant defense mechanisms. In this study, we have taken an initiative to show the biochemical basis of defense response activation in bean leaves during the progression of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. in detached bean leaves. Stages of pathogen penetration and colonization were successfully established in the detached bean leaves. Results showed up-regulation of different defense-related enzymes and other defense molecules, such as phenols, flavonoids, callose, and lignin molecules, along with NO at early stages of pathogen invasion. Although in the later stages of the disease, development of NO and other defense components (excluding lignin) were down-regulated, the production of reactive oxygen species in the form of H2O2 became elevated. Consequently, other stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation, proline content, and chlorophyll content, were changed accordingly. Correlation between the disease index and other defense molecules, along with NO, indicate that production of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) might influence the development of anthracnose in common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kabita Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata 700006, India.
| | - Anik Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India.
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India.
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Wood SGA, Chakraborty N, Smith MW, Summers MJ. Combined Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Linear Driving Force Kinetics in Small Activated Carbon Beds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G. A. Wood
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | | | - Martin W. Smith
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton
Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, U.K
| | - Mark J. Summers
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton
Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, U.K
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Chakraborty N, Chakraborty A, Das S. Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde‐based azo dye as chromogenic anionic sensor and specific turn‐on emission sensor for cyanide ion. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of ChemistryJadavpur University Kolkata India
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Department of ChemistryAcharya Brojendra Nath Seal College Cooch Behar India
| | - Suman Das
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of ChemistryJadavpur University Kolkata India
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Sarkar A, Das D, Ansari S, Chatterjee RP, Mishra L, Basu B, Ghosh SK, Bhattacharyay M, Chakraborty N. Genotypes of glycoprotein B gene among the Indian symptomatic neonates with congenital CMV infection. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:291. [PMID: 31438890 PMCID: PMC6704666 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytomegalovirus [CMV] is a causative agent of congenital infection worldwide and often leads to neurological deficits and hearing loss in newborns. Infants born with symptomatic congenital Cytomegalovirus infection [cCMV] are at significant high risk for developing adverse long-term outcomes. In this study, we look into the sequence variability of surface glycoprotein B [gB] encoding region in newborns with symptomatic CMV infection for the first time in Eastern region of India. Methods 576 suspected newborns from seropositive mothers were subjected to the study and ELISA was used to confirm CMV infection. Different genotypes and their subtypes were determined using multiplex nested-PCR. Viral load of different glycoprotein B [gB] genotypes was measured using RT-PCR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was then performed using Bayesian interference. Results The overall frequency of cCMV infection was 18.4%, where 16.0% neonates were symptomatic. Among the different gB genotypes, gB1 had the highest frequency [23.5%] and gB4 showed the lowest occurrence [5.8%]. 23.5% of symptomatic neonates had mixed genotypes of gB, probably indicating matrenal reinfection with CMV strains in Indian population. Significant genotypic clades [gB1-gB2-gB3-gB5] were grouped closely based on gene sequences, but the gB4 sequence was in the outlier region of the phylogenetic tree indicating the genetic polymorphism. Conclusion This is the first study on cCMV genotyping and its phylogenetic analysis from Eastern Indian neonatal population. The study holds importance in the assessment of cCMV seroprevalence in global perspective. gB protein can be used as a potential therapeutic target against CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agniswar Sarkar
- Virus Unit [NICED-ICMR], GB4-1st Floor, ID and BG Hospital, 57, Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 010, India.
| | - Dipanwita Das
- Virus Unit [NICED-ICMR], GB4-1st Floor, ID and BG Hospital, 57, Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 010, India
| | - Sabbir Ansari
- Virus Unit [NICED-ICMR], GB4-1st Floor, ID and BG Hospital, 57, Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 010, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad Chatterjee
- Virus Unit [NICED-ICMR], GB4-1st Floor, ID and BG Hospital, 57, Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 010, India
| | - Lopamudra Mishra
- Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, 111, Narkeldanga Mail Road, Phool Bagan, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 054, India
| | - Biswanath Basu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, 138, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road, Sealdah, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 014, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Ghosh
- Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, 111, Narkeldanga Mail Road, Phool Bagan, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 054, India
| | - Mala Bhattacharyay
- Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, 111, Narkeldanga Mail Road, Phool Bagan, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 054, India
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Virus Unit [NICED-ICMR], GB4-1st Floor, ID and BG Hospital, 57, Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 010, India.
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Chakraborty N, Banik S, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharya SK, Das S. Synthesis of a novel pyrene derived perimidine and exploration of its aggregation induced emission, aqueous copper ion sensing, effective antioxidant and BSA interaction properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The interaction of large and small scale structures is fundamental to the energy cascade in turbulent flows. The correct representation of this interaction becomes important in the context of large eddy simulation (LES), where the response of small-scale structures to the resolved quantities, or large-scale structures, must be parametrised. This challenging task becomes more demanding when LES of premixed flames are considered, as heat release affects the interaction of turbulence and chemistry occurring at the unresolved scales. In this work, the influence of sub-grid scale (SGS) stresses on the kinetic energy budget of the resolved velocity field in turbulent premixed flames is investigated. In this spirit, the alignment between the SGS stresses and the resolved strain rate has been analysed by interrogating a direct numerical simulation (DNS) database of statistically planar premixed flames subjected to forced isotropic turbulence. It has been found that the alignment between the eigenvectors of the SGS stresses and the resolved strain rate changes across the flame brush and this change is dependent on the level of turbulence experienced by the flame. The influence of different turbulence intensities and different filter widths along with the implications of this misalignment on the SGS modelling are discussed in detail in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ahmed
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | | | - Markus Klein
- Bundeswehr University Munich, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Werner Heisenberg Weg 39, D-85577, Neubiberg, Germany
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Wood SG, Chakraborty N, Smith MW, Summers MJ. A computational fluid dynamics analysis of transient flow through a generic Chemical Biological Radiological and Nuclear respirator canister. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wood SGA, Chakraborty N, Smith MW, Summers MJ, Brewer SA. The impact of canister geometry on chemical biological radiological and nuclear filter performance: A computational fluid dynamics analysis. J Occup Environ Hyg 2019; 16:41-53. [PMID: 30299217 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1533674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state axisymmetric simulations using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been carried out in order to optimize the performance of a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) canister filter for its use in a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR). Alterations have been made to the shape of the canister, the spacing of the rear wall of the canister with regard to the carbon filter, and the bracketing between (i) the particulate filter and the carbon bed and (ii) the carbon bed and the canister wall. The pressure drops across the canister and the residence time distribution at the rear of the carbon bed have been analyzed in detail based on an extensive parametric analysis involving the aforementioned variations. It has been demonstrated that the non-uniform porosity profile of the carbon bed resulted in alternating regions of high and low velocity close to the canister wall, providing a possible route for breakthrough. Designs, which included a bracket at the rear of the carbon bed, blocked this route and consequently had a longer minimum mean residence time than those, which did not. It has also been shown that the spacing between the carbon bed and the canister rear wall had a large impact on both residence time and pressure drop. In cases where the carbon backed directly onto the canister rear wall flow in the axial direction from the outside wall toward the canister axis resulted in far greater pressure drop and a reduction in minimum mean residence time within the carbon bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G A Wood
- a School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- a School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Martin W Smith
- b Defence Science and Technology Laboratory , Salisbury , UK
| | - Mark J Summers
- b Defence Science and Technology Laboratory , Salisbury , UK
| | - Stuart A Brewer
- b Defence Science and Technology Laboratory , Salisbury , UK
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Aartsen M, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Al Samarai I, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Barron J, Barwick S, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty J, Becker KH, Tjus J, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson D, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Boerner M, Bos F, Boeser S, Botner O, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brenzke M, Bretz HP, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Busse R, Carver T, Cheng E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Clark K, Classen L, Coenders S, Collin G, Conrad J, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen D, Cross R, Dave P, Day M, de Andre JPAM, De Clercq C, Delaunay J, Dembinski H, DeRidder S, Desiati P, de Vries K, DeWasseige G, DeWith M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm J, Dunkman M, Dvorak E, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eller P, Evenson P, Fahey S, Fazely A, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser T, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Glauch T, Gluesenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez J, Grant D, Griffith Z, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill G, Hoffman K, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Hultqvist K, Huennefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze G, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones B, Kalaczynski P, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley J, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kim M, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein S, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Koepke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koschinsky JP, Koskinen J, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll M, Krueckl G, Kunwar S, Kurahashi Neilson N, Kuwabara T, Kyriacou A, Labare M, Lanfranchi J, Larson M, Lauber F, Leonard K, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Liu Q, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Luenemann J, Luszczak W, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn K, Mancina S, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, Meagher K, Medici M, Meier M, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Micallef J, Momente G, Montaruli T, Moore R, Morse R, Moulai M, Nahnhauer R, Nakarmi P, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki S, Nygren D, Pollmann A, Olivas A, Murchadha AÓ, O'Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova D, Peiffer P, Pepper J, de los Heros C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Plum M, Price B, Przybylski G, Raab C, Raedel L, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Reimann R, Relethford B, Relich M, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Safa I, Saelzer T, Sanchez S, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schoenen S, Schoneberg S, Schumacher L, Sclanfani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak G, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad R, Stoessl A, Strotjohann NL, Stuttard T, Sullivan G, Sutherland M, Taboada I, Tatar J, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Toale P, Tobin M, Toennis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Tung C, Turcati A, Turley C, Ty B, Unger L, Usner M, Van Driessche W, Van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, Vandenbroucke J, Vanheule S, van Santen J, Vogel E, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandler F, Wandkowsky N, Waza A, Weaver C, Weiss M, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Westerhoff S, Whelan B, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch C, Wille L, Williams D, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood J, Wood T, Woschnagg K, Xu D, Xu X, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T, Abdollahi S, Ajello M, Angioni R, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Bissaldi E, Blandford R, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Büehler R, Burnett T, Burns E, Buson S, Cameron R, Caputo R, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Charles E, Chen S, Cheung T, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Costantin D, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de Palma F, Digel S, Di Lalla N, Di Mauro M, Di Venere L, Domínguez A, Favuzzi C, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giomi M, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Green D, Grenier I, Grondin MH, Guiriec S, Harding A, Hayashida M, Hays L, Hewitt J, Horan D, Jóhannesson G, Kadler M, Kensei S, Kocevski D, Krauss F, Kreter M, Kuss M, La Mura G, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Li J, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette M, Lubrano P, Magill J, Maldera S, Malyshev D, Manfreda A, Mazziotta MN, McEnery J, Meyer M, Michelson P, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko I, Negro M, Nuss E, Ojha R, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Palatiello M, Paliya V, Perkins J, Persic M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Porter T, Principe G, Rainò S, Rando R, Rani B, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renault-Tinacci N, Ritz S, Rochester L, Parkinson PS, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson D, Tajima H, Takahashi M, Tanaka Y, Thayer J, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Torresi E, Tosti G, Troja E, Valverde JV, Vianello G, Vogel M, Wood K, Wood M, Zaharijas G, Ahnen ML, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Arcaro C, Baack D, Babić A, Banerjee B, Bangale P, Barres de Almeida U, Barrio JA, González JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Berti A, Bhattacharyya W, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnoli G, Carosi R, Carosi A, Ceribella G, Chatterjee A, Colak SM, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Cumani P, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Lotto B, Delfino M, Delgado J, Di Pierro F, Domínguez A, Dominis Prester D, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Elsaesser D, Fallah Ramazani V, Fernández-Barral A, Fidalgo D, Foffano L, Pfrang K, Fonseca MV, Font L, Fruck C, Galindo D, Gallozzi S, García López RJ, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Giammaria P, Godinović N, Gora D, Guberman D, Hadasch D, Hahn A, Hassan T, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hose J, Hrupec D, Inoue S, Ishio K, Konno Y, Kubo H, Kushida J, Lelas D, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, López M, Maggio C, Majumdar P, Makariev M, Maneva G, Manganaro M, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Masuda S, Mazin D, Minev M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Moreno V, Moretti E, Nagayoshi T, Neustroev V, Niedzwiecki A, Nievas Rosillo M, Nigro C, Nilsson K, Ninci D, Nishijima K, Noda K, Nogués L, Paiano S, Palacio J, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pedaletti G, Peresano M, Persic M, Prada Moroni PG, Prandini E, Puljak I, Rodriguez J, Reichardt I, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Righi C, Rugliancich A, Saito T, Satalecka K, Schweizer T, Sitarek J, Šnidarić I, Sobczynska D, Stamerra A, Strzys M, Surić T, Takahashi M, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzić T, Teshima M, Torres-Albà N, Treves A, Tsujimoto S, Vanzo G, Vazquez Acosta M, Vovk I, Ward JE, Will M, Zarić D, Franceschini A, Lucarelli F, Tavani M, Piano G, Donnarumma I, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Colafrancesco S, Costa E, Di Cocco G, Ferrari A, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Lipari P, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Paoletti F, Parmiggiani N, Pellizzoni A, Picozza P, Pilia M, Rappoldi A, Trois A, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Albert A, Alfaro R, Álvarez C, Arceo R, Arteaga Velázquez JC, Avila Rojas DO, Ayala Solares HA, Becerril AD, Belmont-Moreno E, Bernal A, Caballero Mora KS, Capistrán Rojas T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Castillo Maldonado MA, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De León Acuña CL, De la Fuente E, Hernandez RD, Dichiara S, Dingus B, DuVernois M, Díaz Velez JC, Ellsworth R, Engel K, Fiorino DW, Fleischhack H, Fraija NI, García González JA, Garfias F, González MM, Muñoz AG, Goodman JA, Hampel-Arias Z, Harding JP, Cadena SH, Hona B, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hui M, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Kunde GJ, Lara A, Lauer R, Lee W, Lennarz D, Vargas HL, Linnemann J, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, Luna-García R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez O, Martinez Castellanos I, Martínez Huerta H, Martínez Castro J, Matthews J, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Moreno Barbosa E, Mostafa M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Pelayo R, Pretz J, Pérez Pérez EG, Ren Z, Rho CD, Rivière C, González DR, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Ruiz-Velasco E, Greus FS, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer W, Surajbali P, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Villaseñor L, Weisgarber T, Werner F, Yapici T, Yodh G, Zepeda A, Zhou H, Álvarez Romero JDD, Abdalla H, Angüner EO, Armand C, Backes M, Becherini Y, Berge D, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bonnefoy S, Bordas P, Brun F, Büchele M, Bulik T, Caroff S, Carosi A, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chakraborty N, Chandra S, Chen A, Colafrancesco S, Davids ID, Deil C, Devin J, Djannati-Ataï A, Egberts K, Emery G, Eschbach S, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Funk S, Füßling M, Gallant YA, Gaté F, Giavitto G, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Grondin MH, Haupt M, Henri G, Hinton JA, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Huber D, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kerszberg D, Khélifi B, King J, Klepser S, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kraus M, Lefaucheur J, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Lohse T, López-Coto R, Lorentz M, Lypova I, Marandon V, Martí-Devesa GG, Maurin G, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Mohrmann L, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Ohm S, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Panter M, Parsons RD, Perennes C, Piel Q, Pita S, Poireau V, Noel AP, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Rauth R, Renaud M, Rieger F, Rinchiuso L, Romoli C, Rowell G, Rudak B, Sanchez DA, Sasaki M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Seglar-Arroyo M, Shafi N, Simoni R, Sol H, Stegmann C, Steppa C, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Tiziani D, Trichard C, Tsirou M, van Eldik C, van Rensburg C, van Soelen B, Veh J, Vincent P, Voisin F, Wagner SJ, Wagner RM, Wierzcholska A, Zanin R, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Ziegler A, Zorn J, Zywucka N, Savchenko V, Ferrigno C, Bazzano A, Diehl R, Kuulkers E, Laurent P, Mereghetti S, Natalucci L, Panessa F, Rodi J, Ubertini P, Morokuma T, Ohta K, Tanaka YT, Mori H, Yamanaka M, Kawabata KS, Utsumi Y, Nakaoka T, Kawabata M, Nagashima H, Yoshida M, Matsuoka Y, Itoh R, Keel W, Copperwheat C, Steele I, Cenko SB, Evans P, Fox D, Kennea J, Marshall F, Osborne J, Tohuvavohu A, Turley C, Cowen D, DeLaunay J, Keivani A, Santander M, Abeysekara A, Archer A, Benbow W, Bird R, Brill A, Brose R, Buchovecky M, Buckley J, Bugaev V, Christiansen J, Connolly M, Cui W, Daniel M, Errando M, Falcone A, Feng Q, Finley J, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gueta O, Hütten M, Hervet O, Hughes G, Humensky T, Johnson C, Kaaret P, Kar P, Kelley-Hoskins N, Kertzman M, Kieda D, Krause M, Krennrich F, Kumar S, Lang M, Lin T, Maier G, McArthur S, Moriarty P, Mukherjee R, Nieto D, O'Brien S, Ong R, Otte A, Park N, Petrashyk A, Pohl M, Popkow A, Pueschel E, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reynolds P, Richards G, Roache E, Rulten C, Sadeh I, Santander M, Scott S, Sembroski G, Shahinyan K, Sushch I, Trépanier S, Tyler J, Vassiliev V, Wakely S, Weinstein A, Wells R, Wilcox P, Wilhelm A, Williams D, Zitzer B, Tetarenko A, Kimball A, Miller-Jones J, Sivakoff G. Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A. Science 2018; 361:science.aat1378. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Previous detections of individual astrophysical sources of neutrinos are limited to the Sun and the supernova 1987A, whereas the origins of the diffuse flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos remain unidentified. On 22 September 2017, we detected a high-energy neutrino, IceCube-170922A, with an energy of ~290 tera–electron volts. Its arrival direction was consistent with the location of a known γ-ray blazar, TXS 0506+056, observed to be in a flaring state. An extensive multiwavelength campaign followed, ranging from radio frequencies to γ-rays. These observations characterize the variability and energetics of the blazar and include the detection of TXS 0506+056 in very-high-energy γ-rays. This observation of a neutrino in spatial coincidence with a γ-ray–emitting blazar during an active phase suggests that blazars may be a source of high-energy neutrinos.
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Maity S, Ray SS, Chatterjee A, Chakraborty N, Ganguly J. Sugar‐Based Self‐Assembly of Hydrogel Nanotubes Manifesting ESIPT: Theoretical Insight and Application in Live Cell Imaging. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santu Maity
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Howrah- 711103 India
| | - Suvonil Sinha Ray
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Howrah- 711103 India
| | | | | | - Jhuma Ganguly
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Howrah- 711103 India
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Abdallah H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Angüner EO, Arakawa M, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bonnefoy S, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Büchele M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Caroff S, Carosi A, Carr J, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chakraborty N, Chaves RCG, Chen A, Chevalier J, Colafrancesco S, Condon B, Conrad J, Davids ID, Decock J, Deil C, Devin J, deWilt P, Dirson L, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dutson K, Dyks J, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Emery G, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Gaté F, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Grondin MH, Hahn J, Haupt M, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Iwasaki H, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katsuragawa M, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Liu R, Lohse T, Lorentz M, López-Coto R, Lypova I, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Mohrmann L, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, Nakashima S, de Naurois M, Ndiyavala H, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Odaka H, Ohm S, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Perennes C, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Piel Q, Pita S, Poireau V, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Rauth R, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Rinchiuso L, Romoli C, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Saito S, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schandri M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Seglar-Arroyo M, Settimo M, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Shilon I, Shiningayamwe K, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spir-Jacob M, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Steppa C, Sushch I, Takahashi T, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tibaldo L, Tiziani D, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Tuffs R, Uchiyama Y, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Rensburg C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zanin R, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, Zorn J, Żywucka N. Search for γ-Ray Line Signals from Dark Matter Annihilations in the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:201101. [PMID: 29864326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spectral lines are among the most powerful signatures for dark matter (DM) annihilation searches in very-high-energy γ rays. The central region of the Milky Way halo is one of the most promising targets given its large amount of DM and proximity to Earth. We report on a search for a monoenergetic spectral line from self-annihilations of DM particles in the energy range from 300 GeV to 70 TeV using a two-dimensional maximum likelihood method taking advantage of both the spectral and spatial features of the signal versus background. The analysis makes use of Galactic center observations accumulated over ten years (2004-2014) with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. No significant γ-ray excess above the background is found. We derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩ for monoenergetic DM lines at the level of 4×10^{-28} cm^{3} s^{-1} at 1 TeV, assuming an Einasto DM profile for the Milky Way halo. For a DM mass of 1 TeV, they improve over the previous ones by a factor of 6. The present constraints are the strongest obtained so far for DM particles in the mass range 300 GeV-70 TeV. Ground-based γ-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to explore relevant velocity-averaged cross sections for DM annihilation into two γ-ray photons at the level expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdallah
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Arakawa
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M Arrieta
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Barnard
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Blackwell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | - P Bordas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - P Brun
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Büchele
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Capasso
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Carosi
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Carr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Cerruti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - J Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - B Condon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I D Davids
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - J Decock
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Devin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - L Dirson
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Emery
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Eschbach
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Farnier
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - F Gaté
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Glawion
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Haupt
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Hawkes
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Iwasaki
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - A Jacholkowska
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jankowsky
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jingo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - L Jouvin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - M Katsuragawa
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Kerszberg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - D Khangulyan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J King
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kraus
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lau
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Lemière
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - E Leser
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Lorentz
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R López-Coto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Mariaud
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Marx
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M Meyer
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M W Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Mohrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Morå
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Moulin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - S Nakashima
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - H Ndiyavala
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - F Niederwanger
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P O'Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - H Odaka
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Oya
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Padovani
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Perennes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P-O Petrucci
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B Peyaud
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Q Piel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - H Poon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Prokhorov
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - H Prokoph
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Rauth
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Rinchiuso
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Romoli
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Rowell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C B Rulten
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Sahakian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Saito
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - D A Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Schandri
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Seglar-Arroyo
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Settimo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - A S Seyffert
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N Shafi
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - I Shilon
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Shiningayamwe
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - R Simoni
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Sol
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Spanier
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M Spir-Jacob
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - T Takahashi
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - J-P Tavernet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T Tavernier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Tibaldo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Tiziani
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - M Tsirou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - N Tsuji
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - J van der Walt
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Rensburg
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Viana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Vincent
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Voisin
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| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Vuillaume
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Z Wadiasingh
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wagner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R M Wagner
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Willmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wörnlein
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Wouters
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| | - R Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Zaborov
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| | - M Zacharias
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - R Zanin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Zefi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ziegler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Zorn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Żywucka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
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Chakraborty N, Bhuiya S, Chakraborty A, Mandal D, Das S. Synthesis and photophysical investigation of 2-hydroxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde: AIEE phenomenon, fluoride optical sensing and BSA interaction study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) were used as probes to detect changes in the cell surface of Dalton's lymphoma, sarcoma-180 and Ehrlich's carcinoma after short in vitro exposure to acriflavine. Dye-treated cells showed enhancement of agglutination both by PHA and Con A, and such enhancement was found to be dependent on the time of exposure and concentration of acriflavine. However, PHA-induced percent agglutination seemed to be much higher than that of Con A among the 3 cell types. There were also marked differences among the 3 cell types in order of their sensitivity to lectin-mediated agglutination. The strength of the response was greater in lymphoma to both PHA and Con A than that of sarcoma-180 and carcinoma cells, which appeared to be most resistant. Acriflavine, which is known as an intercalative agent with DNA, induces cell surface changes by promoting lectin-mediated cellular agglutination.
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Lai J, Klein M, Chakraborty N. Direct Numerical Simulation of Head-On Quenching of Statistically Planar Turbulent Premixed Methane-Air Flames Using a Detailed Chemical Mechanism. Flow Turbul Combust 2018; 101:1073-1091. [PMID: 30613187 PMCID: PMC6297278 DOI: 10.1007/s10494-018-9907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional compressible Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) analysis has been carried out for head-on quenching of a statistically planar stoichiometric methane-air flame by an isothermal inert wall. A multi-step chemical mechanism for methane-air combustion is used for the purpose of detailed chemistry DNS. For head-on quenching of stoichiometric methane-air flames, the mass fractions of major reactant species such as methane and oxygen tend to vanish at the wall during flame quenching. The absence of OH at the wall gives rise to accumulation of carbon monoxide during flame quenching because CO cannot be oxidised anymore. Furthermore, it has been found that low-temperature reactions give rise to accumulation ofHO 2 andH 2 O 2 at the wall during flame quenching. Moreover, these low temperature reactions are responsible for non-zero heat release rate at the wall during flame-wall interaction. In order to perform an in-depth comparison between simple and detailed chemistry DNS results, a corresponding simulation has been carried out for the same turbulence parameters for a representative single-step Arrhenius type irreversible chemical mechanism. In the corresponding simple chemistry simulation, heat release rate vanishes once the flame reaches a threshold distance from the wall. The distributions of reaction progress variable c and non-dimensional temperature T are found to be identical to each other away from the wall for the simple chemistry simulation but this equality does not hold during head-on quenching. The inequality between c (defined based onCH 4 mass fraction) and T holds both away from and close to the wall for the detailed chemistry simulation but it becomes particularly prominent in the near-wall region. The temporal evolutions of wall heat flux and wall Peclet number (i.e. normalised wall-normal distance of T = 0.9 isosurface) for both simple and detailed chemistry laminar and turbulent cases have been found to be qualitatively similar. However, small differences have been observed in the numerical values of the maximum normalised wall heat flux magnitudeΦ max L and the minimum Peclet number( P e min ) L obtained from simple and detailed chemistry based laminar head-on quenching calculations. Detailed explanations have been provided for the observed differences in behaviours ofΦ max L and( P e min ) L . The usual Flame Surface Density (FSD) and scalar dissipation rate (SDR) based reaction rate closures do not adequately predict the mean reaction rate of reaction progress variable in the near-wall region for both simple and detailed chemistry simulations. It has been found that recently proposed FSD and SDR based reaction rate closures based on a-priori DNS analysis of simple chemistry data perform satisfactorily also for the detailed chemistry case both away from and close to the wall without any adjustment to the model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lai
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University Claremont Road, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 7U UK
| | - Markus Klein
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, 85577 Germany
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University Claremont Road, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 7U UK
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Wacks D, Konstantinou I, Chakraborty N. Effects of Lewis number on the statistics of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor and local flow topologies in turbulent premixed flames. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20170706. [PMID: 29740257 PMCID: PMC5938671 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2017.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The behaviours of the three invariants of the velocity gradient tensor and the resultant local flow topologies in turbulent premixed flames have been analysed using three-dimensional direct numerical simulation data for different values of the characteristic Lewis number ranging from 0.34 to 1.2. The results have been analysed to reveal the statistical behaviours of the invariants and the flow topologies conditional upon the reaction progress variable. The behaviours of the invariants have been explained in terms of the relative strengths of the thermal and mass diffusions, embodied by the influence of the Lewis number on turbulent premixed combustion. Similarly, the behaviours of the flow topologies have been explained in terms not only of the Lewis number but also of the likelihood of the occurrence of individual flow topologies in the different flame regions. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the joint probability density function of the second and third invariants and the joint probability density functions of the mean and Gaussian curvatures to the variation in Lewis number have similarly been examined. Finally, the dependences of the scalar--turbulence interaction term on augmented heat release and of the vortex-stretching term on flame-induced turbulence have been explained in terms of the Lewis number, flow topology and reaction progress variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wacks
- Department of Engineering, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ilias Konstantinou
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Abstract
A bio-inspired, self-healing chitosan-5-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde (CBTHP) fluorescent hydrogel has been developed which exhibits ultrafast ESIPT in both gel and solution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | | | | | - Jhuma Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur
- Howrah-711103
- India
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Chakraborty K, Chakraborty N, Mahapatra T, Musk A, Thompson P, James A, Mitra R. Prevalence of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea and their relations with doctor diagnosed NCDS of an adult urban population in West Bengal, India: an interim report. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Community-based rehabilitation is the strategy endorsed by the World Health Organization and other international bodies to promote the inclusion of people with disabilities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In this article we trace the journey of Edawu, a mental health rehabilitation unit in a rural area of Benue State, Nigeria, from an in-patient rehabilitation unit to a community-focused service. The partnership of organisations from the UK with Edawu along the journey is also described. The authors set out learning points from the project and the principles behind sustainable overseas organisational partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chakraborty
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, UK; email
| | - A Erinfolami
- Consultant Psychiatrist and Head of the Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Lucas
- Occupational Therapist, ACCEPT (mental health charity), UK
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Ou X, Chang Q, Chakraborty N, Wang J. Gantry Scheduling for Multi-Gantry Production System by Online Task Allocation Method. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2017.2710259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Papapostolou V, Wacks DH, Chakraborty N, Klein M, Im HG. Enstrophy transport conditional on local flow topologies in different regimes of premixed turbulent combustion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11545. [PMID: 28912476 PMCID: PMC5599604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enstrophy is an intrinsic feature of turbulent flows, and its transport properties are essential for the understanding of premixed flame-turbulence interaction. The interrelation between the enstrophy transport and flow topologies, which can be assigned to eight categories based on the three invariants of the velocity-gradient tensor, has been analysed here. The enstrophy transport conditional on flow topologies in turbulent premixed flames has been analysed using a Direct Numerical Simulation database representing the corrugated flamelets (CF), thin reaction zones (TRZ) and broken reaction zones (BRZ) combustion regimes. The flame in the CF regime exhibits considerable flame-generated enstrophy, and the dilatation rate and baroclinic torque contributions to the enstrophy transport act as leading order sink and source terms, respectively. Consequently, flow topologies associated with positive dilatation rate values, contribute significantly to the enstrophy transport in the CF regime. By contrast, enstrophy decreases from the unburned to the burned gas side for the cases representing the TRZ and BRZ regimes, with diminishing influences of dilatation rate and baroclinic torque. The enstrophy transport in the TRZ and BRZ regimes is governed by the vortex-stretching and viscous dissipation contributions, similar to non-reacting flows, and topologies existing for all values of dilatation rate remain significant contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Papapostolou
- University of Newcastle, School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daniel H Wacks
- Durham University, School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- University of Newcastle, School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Markus Klein
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik, München, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Hong G Im
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Clean Combustion Research Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Lipatnikov AN, Sabelnikov VA, Chakraborty N, Nishiki S, Hasegawa T. A DNS Study of Closure Relations for Convection Flux Term in Transport Equation for Mean Reaction Rate in Turbulent Flow. Flow Turbul Combust 2017; 100:75-92. [PMID: 30069139 PMCID: PMC6044253 DOI: 10.1007/s10494-017-9833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims at modeling the entire convection flux ρ u W ¯ in the transport equation for a mean reaction rate ρW ¯ in a turbulent flow, which (equation) was recently put forward by the present authors. In order to model the flux, several simple closure relations are developed by introducing flow velocity conditioned to reaction zone and interpolating this velocity between two limit expressions suggested for the leading and trailing edges of the mean flame brush. Subsequently, the proposed simple closure relations for ρ u W ¯ are assessed by processing two sets of data obtained in earlier 3D Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) studies of adiabatic, statistically planar, turbulent, premixed, single-step-chemistry flames characterized by unity Lewis number. One dataset consists of three cases characterized by different density ratios and is associated with the flamelet regime of premixed turbulent combustion. Another dataset consists of four cases characterized by different low Damköhler and large Karlovitz numbers. Accordingly, this dataset is associated with the thin reaction zone regime of premixed turbulent combustion. Under conditions of the former DNS, difference in the entire, ρuW ¯ , and mean, ũ ρW ¯ , convection fluxes is well pronounced, with the turbulent flux, ρ u '' W '' ¯ , showing countergradient behavior in a large part of the mean flame brush. Accordingly, the gradient diffusion closure of the turbulent flux is not valid under such conditions, but some proposed simple closure relations allow us to predict the entire flux ρ u W ¯ reasonably well. Under conditions of the latter DNS, the difference in the entire and mean convection fluxes is less pronounced, with the aforementioned simple closure relations still resulting in sufficiently good agreement with the DNS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Lipatnikov
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V. A. Sabelnikov
- ONERA – The French Aerospace Laboratory, 91761 Palaiseau, France
- Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI), 140180 Zhukovsky, Moscow Region Russian Federation
| | - N. Chakraborty
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - S. Nishiki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - T. Hasegawa
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603 Japan
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Chakraborty N, Chandra S, Acharya K. Biochemical basis of improvement of defense in tomato plant against Fusarium wilt by CaCl 2. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2017; 23:581-596. [PMID: 28878497 PMCID: PMC5567711 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of calcium chloride (CaCl2), as potential elicitor, on tomato plants against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Foliar application of CaCl2 showed significant reduction of wilt incidence after challenge inoculation. Increased production of defense and antioxidant enzymes was observed in elicitor treated sets over control. Simultaneously, altered amount of phenolic acids were analyzed spectrophotometrically and by using high performance liquid chromatography. Significant induction of defense-related genes expressions was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Greater lignifications by microscopic analysis were also recorded in elicitor treated plants. Simultaneously, generation of nitric oxide (NO) in elicitor treated plants was confirmed by spectrophotometrically and microscopically by using membrane permeable fluorescent dye. Furthermore, plants treated with potential NO donor and NO modulators showed significant alteration of all those aforesaid defense molecules. Transcript analysis of nitrate reductase and calmodulin gene showed positive correlation with elicitor treatment. Furthermore, CaCl2 treatment showed greater seedling vigor index, mean trichome density etc. The result suggests that CaCl2 have tremendous potential to elicit defense responses as well as plant growth in co-relation with NO, which ultimately leads to resistance against the wilt pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 700019 India
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Calcutta, 700006 India
| | - Swarnendu Chandra
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 700019 India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 700019 India
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Chandra S, Chakraborty N, Panda K, Acharya K. Chitosan-induced immunity in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze against blister blight disease is mediated by nitric-oxide. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 115:298-307. [PMID: 28412634 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Blister blight disease, caused by an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, Exobasidium vexans Massee is posing a serious threat for tea cultivation in Asia. As the use of chemical pesticides on tea leaves substantially increases the toxic risks of tea consumption, serious attempts are being made to control such pathogens by boosting the intrinsic natural defense responses against invading pathogens in tea plants. In this study, the nature and durability of resistance offered by chitosan and the possible mechanism of chitosan-induced defense induction in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze plants against blister blight disease were investigated. Foliar application of 0.01% chitosan solution at 15 days interval not only reduced the blister blight incidence for two seasons, but also maintained the induced expressions of different defense related enzymes and total phenol content compared to the control. Defense responses induced by chitosan were found to be down regulated under nitric oxide (NO) deficient conditions in vivo, indicating that the observed chitosan-induced resistance is probably activated via NO signaling. Such role of NO in host defense response was further established by application of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which produced similar defense responses accomplished through chitosan treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that increased production of NO in chitosan-treated tea plants may play a critical role in triggering the innate defense responses effective against plant pathogens, including that causing the blister blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Chandra
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Koustubh Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Chakraborty
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Hillcrest, South Africa
| | - S.W. Human
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Hillcrest, South Africa
| | - N. Balakrishnan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Muhie S, Gautam A, Chakraborty N, Hoke A, Meyerhoff J, Hammamieh R, Jett M. Molecular indicators of stress-induced neuroinflammation in a mouse model simulating features of post-traumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1135. [PMID: 28534873 PMCID: PMC5534959 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A social-stress mouse model was used to simulate features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The model involved exposure of an intruder (male C57BL/6) mouse to a resident aggressor (male SJL) mouse for 5 or 10 consecutive days. Transcriptome changes in brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and hemibrain), blood and spleen as well as epigenome changes in the hemibrain were assayed after 1- and 10-day intervals following the 5-day trauma or after 1- and 42-day intervals following the 10-day trauma. Analyses of differentially expressed genes (common among brain, blood and spleen) and differentially methylated promoter regions revealed that neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity pathways were activated during the early responses but were inhibited after the later post-trauma intervals. However, inflammatory pathways were activated throughout the observation periods, except in the amygdala in which they were inhibited only at the later post-trauma intervals. Phenotypically, inhibition of neurogenesis was corroborated by impaired Y-maze behavioral responses. Sustained neuroinflammation appears to drive the development and maintenance of behavioral manifestations of PTSD, potentially via its inhibitory effect on neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. By contrast, peripheral inflammation seems to be directly responsible for tissue damage underpinning somatic comorbid pathologies. Identification of overlapping, differentially regulated genes and pathways between blood and brain suggests that blood could be a useful and accessible brain surrogate specimen for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muhie
- The Geneva Foundation, Frederick, MD, USA,Advanced Academics Programs, Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Gautam
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - A Hoke
- The Geneva Foundation, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - R Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - M Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Frederick, MD, USA,Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, 568 Doughten Drive, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5010, USA. E-mail:
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Osgood Q, Solocinski J, Wang M, Chakraborty N. Quantification of residual water in desiccated samples using Raman Microscopy. Cryobiology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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