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Mubashir T, Nagappa M, Esfahanian N, Botros J, Arif AA, Suen C, Wong J, Ryan CM, Chung F. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in opioid users with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:961-969. [PMID: 32105208 PMCID: PMC7849655 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Opioids have been reported to increase the risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with noncancer chronic pain on opioid therapy. This study aims to determine the pooled prevalence of SDB in opioid users with chronic pain and compare it with patients with pain:no opioids and no pain:no opioids. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted. We included all observational studies that reported the prevalence of SDB in patients with chronic pain on long-term opioid therapy (≥3 months). The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of SDB in opioid users with chronic pain (pain:opioids group) and a comparison with pain:no opioids and no pain:no opioids groups. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. RESULTS After screening 1,404 studies, 9 studies with 3,791 patients were included in the meta-analysis (pain:opioids group, n = 3181 [84%]; pain:no opioids group, n = 359 [9.4%]; no pain:no opioids group, n = 251 [6.6%]). The pooled prevalence of SDB in the pain:opioids, pain:no opioids, and no pain:no opioids groups were 91%, 83%, and 72% in sleep clinics and 63%, 10%, and 75% in pain clinics, respectively. Furthermore, in the pain: opioids group, central sleep apnea prevalence in sleep and pain clinics was 33% and 20%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The pooled prevalence of SDB in patients with chronic pain on opioid therapy is not significantly different compared with pain:no opioids and no pain:no opioids groups and varies considerably depending on the site of patient recruitment (ie, sleep vs pain clinics). The prevalence of central sleep apnea is high in sleep and pain clinics in the pain:opioids group. Clinical Trial Registration: Registry: PROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviews; Name: Prevalence of sleep disordered breathing, hypoxemia and hypercapnia in patients on oral opioid therapy for chronic pain management; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018103298; Identifier: CRD42018103298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Mubashir
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahesh Nagappa
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph Health Care, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nilufar Esfahanian
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Botros
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul A. Arif
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Suen
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Wong
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clodagh M. Ryan
- Centre of Sleep Health and Research, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Chung
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mahmoudi MJ, Hedayat M, Taghvaei M, Harsini S, Nematipour E, Rezaei N, Farhadi E, Mahmoudi M, Sadr M, Esfahanian N, Nourijelyani K, Amirzargar AA. Interleukin-10 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Heart Failure. Acta Biomed 2019; 90:221-227. [PMID: 31124999 PMCID: PMC6776215 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i2.6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) seem to contribute towards the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF), this study was performed to assess the associations of certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these genes in a case control study. METHODS This investigation was carried out to determine the frequency of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of TGF-β1 and IL-10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 57 Iranian patients with CHF compared with 140 healthy subjects using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method. RESULTS Results of the analyzed data divulged a negative association for both TGF-β1 GC genotype at codon 25 (P=0.047) and CT genotype at codon 10 (P=0.018) and CHF proneness. Although, TGF-β1 CC genotype at codon 10 was found to be positively associated with CHF (P=0.011). Moreover, the frequency of IL-10 (-1082, -819, -592) ATA haplotype and TGF-β1 (codon 10, codon 25) TG haplotype were significantly lower in the patients group (P=0.004 and P=0.040, respectively), while TGF-β1 (codon 10, codon 25) CG haplotype was overrepresented in patients with CHF (P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Cytokine gene polymorphisms might affect vulnerability to CHF. Particular genotypes and haplotypes in IL-10 and TGF-β1 genes could render individuals more susceptible to CHF.
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Nazarinasab M, Nematpour S, Seyedian SS, Esfahanian N. Assessing mental health and the relation with variables of demographic and clinical in Crohn's disease patients; 2016-2017. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:728-732. [PMID: 30984703 PMCID: PMC6436295 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_236_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn's disease is a group of special diseases that are considered in psychiatric studies because there is a contrast between the physical and psychological diseases among the affected patients. Aim The aim of this study was assessing mental health and the relation with variables of demographic and clinical in Crohn's disease patients. Methods In this epidemiological study, 96 patients with Crohn's disease who referred to educational hospitals in Ahvaz during 2016--2017 were evaluated by demographic and clinical questionnaires and SCL-90 questionnaires for mental health, and the information was analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results The mean physical complaints in subjects was 24.63 ± 4.08 and the mean mental health was calculated to be 187.75 ± 25.17. Multivariate analysis of mental health showed that steroid consumption (P value < 0.001) and nonsmoking (P value = 0.038) were associated with higher mental health in the individuals. Conclusions Crohn's patients suffered from decreased mental parameters in dimensions such as physical complaints, obsession--compulsion behavior, sensitivity to interactions, depression, anxiety, aggression, phobia, psychosis, and paranoid thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nazarinasab
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sorour Nematpour
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Seyedian
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nilufar Esfahanian
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
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Hedayat M, Mahmoudi MJ, Taghvaei M, Nematipour E, Farhadi E, Esfahanian N, Mahmoudi M, Sadr M, Nourijelyani K, Amirzargar AA, Rezaei N. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphisms in Iranian Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2018; 10:105-109. [PMID: 29849987 PMCID: PMC5960055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proinflammatory cytokines have been known to be elevated in patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). Given the importance of proinflammatory cytokines in the context of the failing heart, the prevalence of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-6 polymorphisms in patients with CHF was studied due to ischemic heart disease. METHODS Forty three patients with ischemic heart failure were enrolled in this study and compared with 140 healthy individuals. The allele and genotype frequency of four Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-6 (-174, nt565) and TNF-α (-308, -238) genes were determined, using Polymerase Chain Reaction with Sequence-Specific Primers (PCR-SSP) assay. RESULTS The frequency of the TNF-α (-238) A/A genotype was significantly higher in patients comparing to controls (p=0.043), while TNF-α G/A genotype at the same position decreased significantly, in comparison with controls (p=0.018). The most frequent haplotype for TNF-α was A/A in the patient group in comparison with controls (p=0.003). There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies of IL-6 at positions -174 and nt565, and TNF-α at position -308. CONCLUSION Certain alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes in TNF-α, but not IL-6, gene were overrepresented in patients with ischemic heart failure, which may, in turn, predispose individuals to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hedayat
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad Jafar Mahmoudi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghvaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Nematipour
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nilufar Esfahanian
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Dietitian and Nutrition Experts Team (DiNET), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadr
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keramat Nourijelyani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Amirzargar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Nima Rezaei, M.D., Ph.D., Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran Tel: +98 21 66576573 Fax: +98 21 66929235 E-mail:
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Mahmoudi MJ, Harsini S, Farhadi E, Hedayat M, Taghvaei M, Mahmoudi M, Sadr M, Esfahanian N, Nematipour E, Nourijelyani K, Amirzargar AA, Rezaei N. Interleukin-2 and Interferon-Gamma Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Iranian Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2018; 10:173-177. [PMID: 30090212 PMCID: PMC6064006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines have been known to be associated with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). Given the importance of cytokines in the context of the failing heart, the prevalence of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) polymorphisms was studied in patients with CHF due to ischemic heart disease in a case-control study. METHODS Fifty-six Iranian patients with CHF were enrolled in this study as the case group and compared with 139 healthy subjects, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method, so as to determine the frequency of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of IFN-γ (+874 A/T) and IL-2 (-330 G/T, +166 G/T) SNPs. RESULTS The GG genotype at IL-2 -330 in patients with CHF was significantly over-represented in comparison with the control group (p=0.013). Such a positive genotypic association was also observed for IL-2 +166/TT (p=0.022). Meanwhile, the GT genotype frequency at IL-2 -330/GT in the patient group was significantly lower than the one in healthy controls (p=0.049). No significant association was detected between the IFN-γ gene polymorphisms and individuals' susceptibility to CHF. CONCLUSION Certain genotypes in IL-2 gene were overrepresented in patients with CHF, which could render individuals more vulnerable to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Mahmoudi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Harsini
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Hedayat
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad Taghvaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Faculty of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadr
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nilufar Esfahanian
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Nematipour
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keramat Nourijelyani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Amirzargar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Nima Rezaei, M.D., Ph.D., Children’s Medical Centre Hospital, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 21 66929234, Fax: +98 21 66929235, E-mail:
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Mahmoudi MJ, Taghvaei M, Harsini S, Amirzargar AA, Hedayat M, Mahmoudi M, Nematipour E, Farhadi E, Esfahanian N, Sadr M, Nourijelyani K, Rezaei N. Association of interleukin 1 gene cluster and interleukin 1 receptor gene polymorphisms with ischemic heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 117:367-70. [PMID: 27546536 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2016_072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proinflammatory cytokines have been known to play a considerable part in the pathomechanisms of chronic heart failure (CHF). Given the importance of proinflammatory cytokines in the context of the failing heart, we assessed whether the polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-1 gene cluster, including IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and IL-1R gene are predictors of CHF due to ischemic heart disease. METHODS Forty- three patients with ischemic heart failure were recruited in this study as patients group and compared with 140 healthy unrelated control subjects. Using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method, the allele and genotype frequency of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-1α (-889), IL-1β (-511, +3962), IL-1R (psti 1970), and IL-1RA (mspa1 11100) genes were determined. RESULTS The frequency of the IL-1β -511/C allele was significantly higher in the patient group compared to that in the control group (p = 0.031). The IL-1β (-511) C/C genotype was significantly overrepresented in patients compared to controls (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Particular allele and genotype in IL-1β gene were overrepresented in patients with ischemic heart failure, possibly affecting the individual susceptibility to this disease (Tab. 1, Ref. 27).
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Mahmoudi MJ, Hedayat M, Taghvaei M, Nematipour E, Farhadi E, Esfahanian N, Sadr M, Mahmoudi M, Nourijelyani K, Amirzargar AA, Rezaei N. Association of interleukin-4 gene polymorphisms with ischemic heart failure. Cardiol J 2013; 21:24-8. [PMID: 23677722 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2013.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As of the potential immunomodulatory effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and its importance in inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes and activated T cells, the IL-4 gene polymorphisms were investigated in a group of patients with chronic heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. METHODS Forty three patients with ischemic heart failure (IHF) were enrolled in this study and compared with 139 healthy individuals. The allele and genotype frequency of 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms within the IL-4 gene were determined. RESULTS The frequency of the IL-4 -590/T allele in the patient group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.0001). The most frequent genotypes in patients with IHF were IL-4 (-590) CC (p < 0.0001), IL-4 (-33) CC (p = 0.021), and IL-4 (-33) TT (p < 0.0001). The frequency of the following genotypes was significantly lower in patients compared to controls: IL-4 (-1098) TG (p = 0.035), IL-4 (-590) TC (p < 0.0001), and IL-4 (-33) TC (p < 0.0001). The most frequent IL-4 haplotypes in the patient group, which were significantly higher than in the control group, were TCC (p < 0.0001), TCT (p = 0.0242), and GCT (p = 0.0108) haplotypes. In contrast, the frequencies of the following haplotypes in the patient group were significantly lower than in the controls: GCC (p = 0.032), TTT (p = 0.0268), and TTC (p = 0.0399). CONCLUSIONS Certain alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes in IL-4 gene were over represented inpatients with IHF, which may, in turn, predispose individuals to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Esfahanian N, Shakiba Y, Nikbin B, Soraya H, Maleki-Dizaji N, Ghazi-Khansari M, Garjani A. Effect of metformin on the proliferation, migration, and MMP-2 and -9 expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2012; 5:1068-74. [PMID: 22246099 PMCID: PMC3493092 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that metformin lowers the risk of several types of cancer in diabetic patients. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in the degradation of the vascular basement membrane extracellular matrix proteins, thereby promoting endothelial cell invasion, migration and angiogenesis in the incidence and progression of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of metformin on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and migration, as well as on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Cell proliferation was determined by cell counting and MTT colorimetric assays. Cell migration was assessed by the wound repair method. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR was performed to quantify the mRNA expression of MMPs. Metformin at concentrations of 0.5–3.0 mM effectively reduced the number of endothelial cells by 5.5–55%, without being cytotoxic to the cells. Similarly, cell proliferation and migration were markedly inhibited by metformin. In addition, treatment with metformin demonstrated a strong (P<0.001) suppressive effect on the mRNA levels of MMP-2 and -9 in the endothelial cells. The inhibitory effects of metformin on endothelial cell number, migration, and MMP expression were reversed partially by compound C, which is an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The present study reports that metformin considerably inhibited the proliferation, migration, and MMP-2 and -9 expression of HUVECs, and the effect was partially AMPK-dependent. The obtained findings provide a molecular rationale, whereby metformin can exert anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Esfahanian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Soraya H, Esfahanian N, Shakiba Y, Ghazi-Khansari M, Nikbin B, Hafezzadeh H, Maleki Dizaji N, Garjani A. Anti-angiogenic Effects of Metformin, an AMPK Activator, on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and on Granulation Tissue in Rat. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2012; 15:1202-9. [PMID: 23653852 PMCID: PMC3646233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metformin is well known for activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK activation inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a key signaling process in cell proliferation. Recent epidemiological studies demonstrate that metformin lowers the risk for several types of cancer in diabetic patients. Concerning the critical role of angiogenesis in the incidence and progression of tumors, we investigated the effect of metformin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells migration, as well as on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in the cells and also on angiogenesis in air pouch model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A "wound" repair method was used to assess the cell migration (n=6). Real-time PCR was performed to quantify the mRNA expression of VEGF (n=5). In air pouch model, carrageenan was injected into the air pouches on the back of rats (n=6) and following an IV injection of carmine red dye granulomatous tissue was processed for the assessment of the dye content. An ordinary ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test was used to compare groups. RESULTS Metformin (orally, 50mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) decreased angiogenesis in granulomatous tissue by 34% in pouch-bearing rats. Metformin at concentrations of 0.5-3 mM significantly (P<0.001) inhibited VEGF mRNA expression and endothelial cell migration. The inhibitory effects of metformin on the endothelial cell migration were reversed partially by compound C (P<0.01), an inhibitor of AMPK. CONCLUSION The present study reported that metformin inhibited endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and the effect was partially AMPK dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Soraya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nilufar Esfahanian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Shakiba
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behroz Nikbin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Hafezzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Maleki Dizaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Garjani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,Corresponding author: Tel: +98-411-3341315; Fax: +98-411-3344798;
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