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Pandithawatta S, Ahn S, Rameezdeen R, Chow CWK, Gorjian N, Kim TW. Development of a Knowledge Graph for Automatic Job Hazard Analysis: The Schema. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23083893. [PMID: 37112233 PMCID: PMC10146431 DOI: 10.3390/s23083893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the current practice, an essential element of safety management systems, Job Hazard Analysis (JHA), is performed manually, relying on the safety personnel's experiential knowledge and observations. This research was conducted to create a new ontology that comprehensively represents the JHA knowledge domain, including the implicit knowledge. Specifically, 115 actual JHA documents and interviews with 18 JHA domain experts were analyzed and used as the source of knowledge for creating a new JHA knowledge base, namely the Job Hazard Analysis Knowledge Graph (JHAKG). To ensure the quality of the developed ontology, a systematic approach to ontology development called METHONTOLOGY was used in this process. The case study performed for validation purposes demonstrates that a JHAKG can operate as a knowledge base that answers queries regarding hazards, external factors, level of risks, and appropriate control measures to mitigate risks. As the JHAKG is a database of knowledge representing a large number of actual JHA cases previously developed and also implicit knowledge that has not been formalized in any explicit forms yet, the quality of JHA documents produced from queries to the database is expectedly higher than the ones produced by an individual safety manager in terms of completeness and comprehensiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Pandithawatta
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Seungjun Ahn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raufdeen Rameezdeen
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher W. K. Chow
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nima Gorjian
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Sustainable Infrastructure, South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Division of Architecture and Urban Design, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Elseady AAE, Lee I, Zhuge Y, Ma X, Chow CWK, Gorjian N. Piezoresistivity and AC Impedance Spectroscopy of Cement-Based Sensors: Basic Concepts, Interpretation, and Perspective. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:768. [PMID: 36676505 PMCID: PMC9865006 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cement-based sensors include conductive fillers to achieve a sensing capability based on the piezoresistivity phenomenon, in which the electrical resistivity changes with strain. The microstructural characterisation of cement-based sensors can be obtained using a promising non-destructive technique, such as AC impedance spectroscopy (ACIS), which has been recently used by many researchers. This paper reviews the fundamental concepts of piezoresistivity and ACIS in addition to the comparison of equivalent circuit models of cement-based sensors found in the literature. These concepts include piezoresistivity theory, factors affecting piezoresistivity measurement, resistance measurement methodology, strain/damage sensing, causes of piezoresistivity, theories of conduction, AC impedance spectroscopy theory, and the equivalent circuit model. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in exploring and applying different techniques to self-sensing concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. E. Elseady
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Ivan Lee
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Yan Zhuge
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Xing Ma
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Christopher W. K. Chow
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Nima Gorjian
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
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Do P, Chow CWK, Rameezdeen R, Gorjian N. Wastewater inflow time series forecasting at low temporal resolution using SARIMA model: a case study in South Australia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:70984-70999. [PMID: 35595895 PMCID: PMC9515036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forecasts of wastewater inflow are considered as a significant component to support the development of a real-time control (RTC) system for a wastewater pumping network and to achieve optimal operations. This paper aims to investigate patterns of the wastewater inflow behaviour and develop a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) forecasting model at low temporal resolution (hourly) for a short-term period of 7 days for a real network in South Australia, the Murray Bridge wastewater network/wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Historical wastewater inflow data collected for a 32-month period (May 2016 to December 2018) was pre-processed (transformed into an hourly dataset) and then separated into two parts for training (80%) and testing (20%). Results reveal that there is seasonality presence in the wastewater inflow time series data, as it is heavily dependent on time of the day and day of the week. Besides, the SARIMA (1,0,3)(2,1,2)24 was found as the best model to predict wastewater inflow and its forecasting accuracy was determined based on the evaluation criteria including the root mean square error (RMSE = 5.508), the mean absolute value percent error (MAPE = 20.78%) and the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.773). From the results, this model can provide wastewater operators curial information that supports decision making more effectively for their daily tasks on operating their systems in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Do
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Christopher W K Chow
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Raufdeen Rameezdeen
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Nima Gorjian
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Fan W, Zhuge Y, Ma X, Chow CWK, Gorjian N, Oh JA, Duan W. Durability of Fibre-Reinforced Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC)-Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) Blended Mortar after Sulfuric Acid Attack. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13173822. [PMID: 32872478 PMCID: PMC7503559 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concrete wastewater infrastructures are important to modern society but are susceptible to sulfuric acid attack when exposed to an aggressive environment. Fibre-reinforced mortar has been adopted as a promising coating and lining material for degraded reinforced concrete structures due to its unique crack control and excellent anti-corrosion ability. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of polyethylene (PE) fibre-reinforced calcium aluminate cement (CAC)-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) blended strain-hardening mortar after sulfuric acid immersion, which represented the aggressive sewer environment. Specimens were exposed to 3% sulfuric acid solution for up to 112 days. Visual, physical and mechanical performance such as water absorption ability, sorptivity, compressive and direct tensile strength were evaluated before and after sulfuric acid attack. In addition, micro-structure changes to the samples after sulfuric acid attack were also assessed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to further understand the deterioration mechanism. The results show that overall fibre-reinforced calcium aluminate cement (CAC)-based samples performed significantly better than fibre-reinforced ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based samples as well as mortar samples in sulfuric acid solution in regard to visual observations, penetration depth, direct tensile strength and compressive reduction. Gypsum generation in the cementitious matrix of both CAC and OPC-based systems was the main reason behind the deterioration mechanism after acid attack exposure. Moreover, laboratory sulfuric acid testing has been proven for successfully screening the cementitious material against an acidic environment. This method can be considered to design the service life of concrete wastewater pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (W.F.); (X.M.); (C.W.K.C.); (J.-A.O.); (W.D.)
| | - Yan Zhuge
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (W.F.); (X.M.); (C.W.K.C.); (J.-A.O.); (W.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xing Ma
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (W.F.); (X.M.); (C.W.K.C.); (J.-A.O.); (W.D.)
| | - Christopher W. K. Chow
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (W.F.); (X.M.); (C.W.K.C.); (J.-A.O.); (W.D.)
| | - Nima Gorjian
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Jeong-A Oh
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (W.F.); (X.M.); (C.W.K.C.); (J.-A.O.); (W.D.)
| | - Weiwei Duan
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (W.F.); (X.M.); (C.W.K.C.); (J.-A.O.); (W.D.)
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