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Siebers N, Kruse J, Jia Y, Lennartz B, Koch S. Loss of subsurface particulate and truly dissolved phosphorus during various flow conditions along a tile drain-ditch-brook continuum. Sci Total Environ 2023; 866:161439. [PMID: 36623669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface losses of colloidal and truly dissolved phosphorus (P) from arable land can cause ecological damage to surface water. To gain deeper knowledge about subsurface particulate P transport from inland sources to brooks, we studied an artificially drained lowland catchment (1550 ha) in north-eastern Germany. We took daily samples during the winter discharge period 2019/2020 at different locations, i.e., a drain outlet, ditch, and brook, and analyzed them for total P (TPunfiltered), particulate P >750 nm (TP>750 nm), colloidal P (TPcolloids), and truly dissolved P (truly DP) during baseflow conditions and high flow events. The majority of TPunfiltered in the tile drain, ditch, and brook was formed by TP>750 nm (54 to 59 %), followed by truly DP (34 to 38 %) and a small contribution of TPcolloids (5 to 6 %). During flow events, 63 to 66 % of TPunfiltered was present as particulate P (TP>750 nm + TPcolloids), whereas during baseflow the figure was 97 to 99 %; thus, truly DP was almost negligible (1 to 3 % of TPunfiltered) during baseflow. We also found that colloids transported in the water samples have their origin in the water-extractable nanocolloids (0.66 to 20 nm) within the C horizon, which are mainly composed of clay minerals. Along the flow path there is an agglomeration of P-bearing nanocolloids from the soil, with an increasing importance of iron(III) (hydr)oxides over clay particles. Event flow facilitated the transport of greater amounts of larger particles (>750 nm) through the soil matrix. However, the discharge did not exhaust colloid mobilization and colloidal P was exported through the tile-drainage system during the complete runoff period, even under baseflow conditions. Therefore, it is essential that the impact of rainfall intensity and pattern on particulate P discharge be considered more closely so that drainage management can be adjusted to achieve a reduced P export from agricultural land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Siebers
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Jens Kruse
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yunsheng Jia
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Lennartz
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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Tang N, Siebers N, Leinweber P, Eckhardt KU, Dultz S, Nischwitz V, Klumpp E. Implications of Free and Occluded Fine Colloids for Organic Matter Preservation in Arable Soils. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:14133-14145. [PMID: 36108131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal organo-mineral associations contribute to soil organic matter (OM) preservation and mainly occur in two forms: (i) as water-dispersible colloids that are potentially mobile (free colloids) and (ii) as building units of soil microaggregates that are occluded inside them (occluded colloids). However, the way in which these two colloidal forms differ in terms of textural characteristics and chemical composition, together with the nature of their associated OM, remains unknown. To fill these knowledge gaps, free and occluded fine colloids <220 nm were isolated from arable soils with comparable organic carbon (Corg) but different clay contents. Free colloids were dispersed in water suspensions during wet-sieving, while occluded colloids were released from water-stable aggregates by sonication. The asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation analysis on the free and occluded colloids suggested that most of the 0.6-220 nm fine colloidal Corg was present in size fractions that showed high abundances of Si, Al, and Fe. The pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry revealed that the free colloids were relatively rich in less decomposed plant-derived OM (i.e., lipids, suberin, and free fatty acids), whereas the occluded colloids generally contained more decomposed and microbial-derived OM (i.e., carbohydrates and amides). In addition, a higher thermal stability of OM in occluded colloids pointed to a higher resistance to further degradation and mineralization of OM in occluded colloids than that in free colloids. This study provides new insights into the characteristics of subsized fractions of fine colloidal organo-mineral associations in soils and explores the impacts of free versus occluded colloidal forms on the composition and stability of colloid-associated OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Tang
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, Biology 5, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Siebers
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Leinweber
- Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, and Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckhardt
- Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Dultz
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Nischwitz
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Analytics (ZEA-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Politowski I, Regnery P, Hennig MP, Siebers N, Ottermanns R, Schäffer A. Fate of weathered multi-walled carbon nanotubes in an aquatic sediment system. Chemosphere 2021; 277:130319. [PMID: 34384182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in various consumer products leads to their inevitable release into aquatic systems. But only little is known about their distribution among aquatic compartments. In this study, we investigated the partitioning of radiolabeled, weathered multi-walled CNT (14C-wMWCNT) in an aquatic sediment system over a period of 180 days (d). The applied nanomaterial concentration in water phase was 100 μg L-1. Over time, the wMWCNT disappeared exponentially from the water phase and simultaneously accumulated in the sediment phase. After 2 h incubation just 77%, after seven days 30% and after 180 d only 0.03% of applied radioactivity (AR) remained in the water phase. The respective values for the disappearance times DT50 and DT90 were 3.2 d and 10.7 d. Further, minor mineralization of 14C-wMWCNT to 14CO2 was observed with values below 0.06% of AR. In addition, a study was carried out to estimate the deposition of wMWCNT in the water phase with and without sediment in the test system for 28 d. We found no influence of a sediment phase on the sedimentation behavior of wMWCNT in the water phase: After 6.5 d and 7.3 d 50% of the applied wMWCNT subsided in the presence and absence of sediment, respectively. The slow removal of wMWCNT from the water body by deposition into sediment implies that in addition to sediment-dwelling organisms, pelagic organisms are also at risk of exposure to nanomaterials and prone for their take-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Politowski
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Regnery
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Patrick Hennig
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Siebers
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3) Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Wilhelm- Johnen-Straße, 52425, Jülich, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Politowski I, Wittmers F, Hennig MP, Siebers N, Goffart B, Roß-Nickoll M, Ottermanns R, Schäffer A. A trophic transfer study: accumulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes associated to green algae in water flea Daphnia magna. NanoImpact 2021; 22:100303. [PMID: 35559960 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are promising nanomaterials in modern nanotechnology and their use in many different applications leads to an inevitable release into the aquatic environment. In this study, we quantified trophic transfer of weathered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (wMWCNT) from green algae to primary consumer Daphnia magna in a concentration of 100 μg L-1 using radioactive labeling of the carbon backbone (14C-wMWCNT). Trophic transfer of wMWCNT was compared to the uptake by daphnids exposed to nanomaterials in the water phase without algae. Due to the rather long observed CNT sedimentation times (DT) from the water phase (DT50: 3.9 days (d), DT90: 12.8 d) wMWCNT interact with aquatic organisms and associated to the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Raphidocelis subcapitata. After the exposition of algae, the nanotubes accumulated to a maximum of 1.6 ± 0.4 μg 14C-wMWCNT mg-1 dry weight-1 (dw-1) and 0.7 ± 0.3 μg 14C-wMWCNT mg-1 dw-1 after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. To study trophic transfer, R. subcapitata was loaded with 14C-wMWCNT and subsequently fed to D. magna. A maximum body burden of 0.07 ± 0.01 μg 14C-wMWCNT mg-1 dw-1 and 7.1 ± 1.5 μg 14C-wMWCNT mg-1 dw-1 for D. magna after trophic transfer and waterborne exposure was measured, respectively, indicating no CNT accumulation after short-term exposure via trophic transfer. Additionally, the animals eliminated nanomaterials from their guts, while feeding algae facilitated their excretion. Further, accumulation of 14C-wMWCNT in a growing population of D. magna revealed a maximum uptake of 0.7 ± 0.2 μg mg-1 dw-1. Therefore, the calculated bioaccumulation factor (BAF) after 28 d of 6700 ± 2900 L kg-1 is above the limit that indicates a chemical is bioaccumulative in the European Union Regulation REACH. Although wMWCNT did not bioaccumulate in neonate D. magna after trophic transfer, wMWCNT enriched in a 28 d growing D. magna population regardless of daily feeding, which increases the risk of CNT accumulation along the aquatic food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Politowski
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Wittmers
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Patrick Hennig
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Siebers
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3) Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Birgitta Goffart
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Zimmer D, Kruse J, Siebers N, Panten K, Oelschläger C, Warkentin M, Hu Y, Zuin L, Leinweber P. Bone char vs. S-enriched bone char: Multi-method characterization of bone chars and their transformation in soil. Sci Total Environ 2018; 643:145-156. [PMID: 29936158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To decrease environmental impacts from usage of mineral P fertilizers based on rock phosphate, alternative P fertilizers are urgently necessary but have to be critically evaluated for their characteristics and behaviour or effects in soil. For this reason, bone char (BC) and S-enriched BC (BCplus), original and after one vegetation period in soil, were analysed by wet chemical analyses and XANES spectroscopy. According to X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, both chars were dominated by P bound in hydroxyapatite, which was well reflected by wet chemical P fractionation, where Ca-P was the dominant fraction. Sulfur fractionation of both chars confirmed low percentages of sulfate-S according to XANES analysis but failed to detect elemental S in BCplus. Because S concentrations in BCplus were comparable to that of activated carbon used for biogas desulfurization and sorbed S was dominantly elemental S, BC seems to be well suited for biogas desulfurization. After one year in soil the disappearance of more easily soluble Ca(H2PO4)·2H2O and strongly reduced proportions of sulfates and sulfonates in soil-BCplus compared to BCplus pointed to considerable advantages of BCplus over BC. Taking into consideration the acidic pH of BCplus, the high Ca, P, and S concentrations and the expected microbial induced "in situ digestion" of BC by oxidation of elemental S, it can be concluded that a cascade usage of BC as biogas adsorber and following subsequent usage of BCplus as S/P/Ca/Mg (multi-element) fertilizer could be an alternative to mineral fertilizers based on rock phosphate. The agronomic efficiency and detailed application guidelines must be derived from established and currently running longer-term plot and field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Zimmer
- University of Rostock, Soil Science, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Kruse
- Soil Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Siebers
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3) Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, D-52425 Jülich, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Panten
- Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Bundesallee 69, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Oelschläger
- University of Rostock, Department of Material Science & Medical Engineering, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße, D-18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mareike Warkentin
- University of Rostock, Department of Material Science & Medical Engineering, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße, D-18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Canadian Light Source Saskatoon Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard Saskatoon, S7N 2V3, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lucia Zuin
- Canadian Light Source Saskatoon Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard Saskatoon, S7N 2V3, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Peter Leinweber
- University of Rostock, Soil Science, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
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Makselon J, Siebers N, Meier F, Vereecken H, Klumpp E. Role of rain intensity and soil colloids in the retention of surfactant-stabilized silver nanoparticles in soil. Environ Pollut 2018; 238:1027-1034. [PMID: 29449114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Undisturbed outdoor lysimeters containing arable loamy sand soil were used to examine the influence of either heavy rain events (high frequency of high rain intensity), steady rain (continuous rainfall of low rain intensity), and natural rainfall on the transport and retention of surfactant-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNP). In addition, the AgNP-soil associations within the Ap horizon were analyzed by means of particle-size fractionation, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with UV/Vis-detection and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (AF4-UV/Vis-ICP-MS), and transmission electron microscopy coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX) analyzer. The results showed that AgNP breakthrough for all rain events was less than 0.1% of the total AgNP mass applied, highlighting that nearly all AgNP were retained in the soil. Heavy rain treatment and natural rainfall revealed enhanced AgNP transport within the Ap horizon, which was attributed to the high pore water flow velocities and to the mobilization of AgNP-soil colloid associations. Particle-size fractionation of the soil revealed that AgNP were present in each size fraction and therefore indicated strong associations between AgNP and soil. In particular, water-dispersible colloids (WDC) in the size range of 0.45-0.1 μm were found to exhibit high potential for AgNP attachment. The AF4-UV/Vis-ICP-MS and TEM-EDX analyses of the WDC fraction confirmed that AgNP were persistent in soil and associated to soil colloids (mainly composed of Al, Fe, Si, and organic matter). These results confirm the particularly important role of soil colloids in the retention and remobilization of AgNP in soil. Furthermore, AF4-UV/Vis-ICP-MS results indicated the presence of single, homo-aggregated, and small AgNP probably due to dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Makselon
- Institute Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany.
| | - Nina Siebers
- Institute Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany; Ernst Ruska-Centre (ER-C), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | | | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Institute Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
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Vogel T, Kruse J, Siebers N, Nelles M, Eichler-Löbermann B. Recycled Products from Municipal Wastewater: Composition and Effects on Phosphorus Mobility in a Sandy Soil. J Environ Qual 2017; 46:443-451. [PMID: 28380553 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.10.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recycled products from wastewater may contain high concentrations of phosphorus (P) and are thus promising alternative fertilizers. However, to better predict their P fertilizer efficiency and potential for P leaching, investigations on P forms and P mobility in soil are essential. In this study, different recycled products-an untreated sewage sludge ash (SSA), an HSO-digested SSA, four thermochemically treated SSAs (two Mg-SSAs and two Ca-SSAs), and struvite-were investigated using a combination of wet chemical methods and P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy concerning their composition and their effects on P sorption in a sandy soil in comparison to triple superphosphate. Most of the P in the SSAs was associated with Ca in stable P fractions. The lowest P values in labile fractions (HO-P, NaHCO-P) were found for the untreated SSA and struvite. However, the addition of struvite resulted in an immediate increase in the bioavailable P fractions and the degree of P saturation in soil after only 1 d of incubation. This suggests a high P fertilizer potential for struvite but also a risk of P losses. Among the SSAs, the two Mg-SSAs increased the bioavailable P fractions in soil the most, whereas the lowest values were measured after application of the untreated SSA. Our results demonstrate that chemical analyses of recycled P products may involve the risk of misjudging the fertilizer quality when performed alone, without considering the behavior of these products in soil.
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Jiang X, Bol R, Nischwitz V, Siebers N, Willbold S, Vereecken H, Amelung W, Klumpp E. Phosphorus Containing Water Dispersible Nanoparticles in Arable Soil. J Environ Qual 2015; 44:1772-1781. [PMID: 26641329 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.02.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited solubility of phosphorus (P) in soil, understanding its binding in fine colloids is vital to better forecast P dynamics and losses in agricultural systems. We hypothesized that water-dispersible P is present as nanoparticles and that iron (Fe) plays a crucial role for P binding to these nanoparticles. To test this, we isolated water-dispersible fine colloids (WDFC) from an arable topsoil (Haplic Luvisol, Germany) and assessed colloidal P forms after asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled with ultraviolet and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, with and without removal of amorphous and crystalline Fe oxides using oxalate and dithionite, respectively. We found that fine colloidal P was present in two dominant sizes: (i) in associations of organic matter and amorphous Fe (Al) oxides in nanoparticles <20 nm, and (ii) in aggregates of fine clay, organic matter and Fe oxides (more crystalline Fe oxides) with a mean diameter of 170 to 225 nm. Solution P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that the organically bound P predominantly comprised orthophosphate-monoesters. Approximately 65% of P in the WDFC was liberated after the removal of Fe oxides (especially amorphous Fe oxides). The remaining P was bound to larger-sized WDFC particles and Fe bearing phyllosilicate minerals. Intriguingly, the removal of Fe by dithionite resulted in a disaggregation of the nanoparticles, evident in higher portions of organically bound P in the <20 nm nanoparticle fraction, and a widening of size distribution pattern in larger-sized WDFC fraction. We conclude that the crystalline Fe oxides contributed to soil P sequestration by (i) acting as cementing agents contributing to soil fine colloid aggregation, and (ii) binding not only inorganic but also organic P in larger soil WDFC particles.
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Kruse J, Abraham M, Amelung W, Baum C, Bol R, Kühn O, Lewandowski H, Niederberger J, Oelmann Y, Rüger C, Santner J, Siebers M, Siebers N, Spohn M, Vestergren J, Vogts A, Leinweber P. Innovative methods in soil phosphorus research: A review. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci (1999) 2015; 178:43-88. [PMID: 26167132 PMCID: PMC4497464 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201400327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for all life on Earth and, during the past decade, concerns about the future of its global supply have stimulated much research on soil P and method development. This review provides an overview of advanced state-of-the-art methods currently used in soil P research. These involve bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic and spectrometric P speciation methods (1 and 2D NMR, IR, Raman, Q-TOF MS/MS, high resolution-MS, NanoSIMS, XRF, XPS, (µ)XAS) as well as methods for assessing soil P reactions (sorption isotherms, quantum-chemical modeling, microbial biomass P, enzymes activity, DGT, 33P isotopic exchange, 18O isotope ratios). Required experimental set-ups and the potentials and limitations of individual methods present a guide for the selection of most suitable methods or combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kruse
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of BonnNussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marion Abraham
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchSeestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wulf Amelung
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of BonnNussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christel Baum
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Roland Bol
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of RostockWismarsche Straße 43–45,18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans Lewandowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Niederberger
- Chair of Silviculture, Albert Ludwig University FreiburgTennenbacherstraße 4, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Geosciences, University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19–23.72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Rüger
- Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of RostockDr.-Lorenzweg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jakob Santner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Meike Siebers
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of BonnKarlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Siebers
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marie Spohn
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University BayreuthDr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1–3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johan Vestergren
- Chemistry, Umeå University, Kemi A, plan 4, Linnaeus väg10 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Angela Vogts
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchSeestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Leinweber
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany e-mail:
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Siebers N, Leinweber P. Bone char: a clean and renewable phosphorus fertilizer with cadmium immobilization capability. J Environ Qual 2013; 42:405-411. [PMID: 23673832 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with Cd from P fertilizer and other anthropogenic and geogenic sources is a serious problem. In situ immobilization by P application to soil is known as an applicable remediation technique leading to reduced Cd uptake by plants, and use of a Cd-free P fertilizer from renewable sources would be most favorable. Bone char (BC) (15% P, 28% Ca, 0.7% Mg) may be used as such a quality P fertilizer, but it is unknown if its dissolution in soil provides sufficient P and immobilizes Cd in moderately contaminated soils. We incubated BC and triple superphosphate (TSP) in 11 soils that contained between 0.3 to 19.6 mg Cd kg and determined the kinetics of P dissolution during a time period of 145 d. The concomitant Cd immobilization was determined by extracting the mobile Cd with 1 mol L NHNO solution. For most soils, BC increased the concentration of labile P immediately after application, reaching a maximum after 34 d, although the solubility was below that of TSP (2.9-19.3 vs. 4.1-24.0%). Among five kinetic models, the Langmuir-type equation provided the best description of P dissolution from BC and TSP. The Cd immobilization resulting from BC dissolution exceeded that of TSP by a factor of 1.4 to 2.7. The P dissolution from BC was negatively correlated with pH and positively with P sorption capacity, whereas Cd immobilization was positively correlated with soil pH. These causal relationships were expressed in multiple equations that enable predictions of P dissolution and Cd immobilization and thus may help to introduce BC as sustainable P fertilizer and useful soil amendment.
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Siebers N, Siangliw M, Tongcumpou C. Cadmium uptake and subcellular distribution in rice plants as affected by phosphorus: Soil and hydroponic experiments. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 2013:0-0. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.4067/s0718-95162013005000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Cotreau M, Siebers N, Massmanian L, Strahs A, Vargo D. 595 Effect of Ketoconazole On Pharmacokinetics of Tivozanib, a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Siebers N, Kruse J, Eckhardt KU, Hu Y, Leinweber P. Solid-phase cadmium speciation in soil using L3-edge XANES spectroscopy with partial least-squares regression. J Synchrotron Radiat 2012; 19:579-585. [PMID: 22713893 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049512021371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has a high toxicity and resolving its speciation in soil is challenging but essential for estimating the environmental risk. In this study partial least-square (PLS) regression was tested for its capability to deconvolute Cd L(3)-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of multi-compound mixtures. For this, a library of Cd reference compound spectra and a spectrum of a soil sample were acquired. A good coefficient of determination (R(2)) of Cd compounds in mixtures was obtained for the PLS model using binary and ternary mixtures of various Cd reference compounds proving the validity of this approach. In order to describe complex systems like soil, multi-compound mixtures of a variety of Cd compounds must be included in the PLS model. The obtained PLS regression model was then applied to a highly Cd-contaminated soil revealing Cd(3)(PO(4))(2) (36.1%), Cd(NO(3))(2)·4H(2)O (24.5%), Cd(OH)(2) (21.7%), CdCO(3) (17.1%) and CdCl(2) (0.4%). These preliminary results proved that PLS regression is a promising approach for a direct determination of Cd speciation in the solid phase of a soil sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Siebers
- Institute for Land Use, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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