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Wyly S, Jinon N, Francis T, Evans H, Kao TL, Lambert S, Montgomery S, Newlove M, Mariscal H, Nguyen H, Cole H, Aispuro I, Robledo D, Tenaglia O, Weinberger N, Nguyen B, Waits H, Jorian D, Koch-Kreher L, Myrdal H, Antoniou V, Warrier M, Wunsch L, Arce I, Kirchner K, Campos E, Nguyen A, Rodriguez K, Cao L, Halmekangas A, Wilson RC. The psychophysiology of Mastermind: Characterizing response times and blinking in a high-stakes television game show. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14485. [PMID: 37966011 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Television game shows have proven to be a valuable resource for studying human behavior under conditions of high stress and high stakes. However, previous work has focused mostly on choices-ignoring much of the rich visual information that is available on screen. Here, we take a first step to extracting more of this information by investigating the response times and blinking of contestants in the BBC show Mastermind. In Mastermind, contestants answer rapid-fire quiz questions while a camera slowly zooms in on their faces. By labeling contestants' behavior and blinks from 25 episodes, we asked how accuracy, response times, and blinking varied over the course of the game. For accuracy and response times, we tested whether contestants responded more accurately and more slowly after an error-exhibiting the "post-error increase in accuracy" and "post-error slowing" which has been repeatedly observed in the lab. For blinking, we tested whether blink rates varied according to the cognitive demands of the game-decreasing during periods of cognitive load, such as when pondering a response, and increasing at event boundaries in the task, such as the start of a question. In contrast to the lab, evidence for post-error changes in accuracy and response time was weak, with only marginal effects observed. In line with the lab, blinking varied over the course of the game much as we predicted. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of extracting dynamic signals from game shows to study the psychophysiology of behavior in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler Wyly
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Neryanne Jinon
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Timothy Francis
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hailey Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tsai Lieh Kao
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shelby Lambert
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shayne Montgomery
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marvelene Newlove
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Haley Mariscal
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Harrison Cole
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Israel Aispuro
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Daniela Robledo
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Olivia Tenaglia
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nina Weinberger
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Bill Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hailey Waits
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Daisy Jorian
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lucas Koch-Kreher
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hunter Myrdal
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Victoria Antoniou
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Meghana Warrier
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah Wunsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Iram Arce
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kayla Kirchner
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Elena Campos
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - An Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Lanqin Cao
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Avery Halmekangas
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- McKnight Brain Research Foundation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Gentile A, Castellano VE, Pacchiotti A, Weinberger N, Diana Menéndez S, Del Pino M, Carciofi G, Lamy P, Mistchenko AS. Long-term antibody response following SPUTNIK V primary vaccination in healthcare workers with and without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Prospective cohort study from a hospital in Argentina. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100187. [PMID: 35755140 PMCID: PMC9213035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After completing a two-dose Sputnik V schedule, all vaccinees developed antibodies. Prior infection was associated with higher antibody concentrations. Antibodies decreased significantly after 6 months in naïve subjects. In subjects without infection, 17% were negative at day 180. SARS-CoV2 infection after vaccination increased antibody concentrations.
Background In December 2020, Sputnik V was incorporated to the National COVID-19 Immunization Plan in Argentina. Studies had shown 98% of antibody response rate. To date, data on immunogenicity and antibody persistence in Argentina are scarce. The objective was to assess humoral immune response after two doses of Sputnik V in Health Care Workers (HCWs) at the Ricardo Gutierrez Children’s Hospital (RGCH). Methods A prospective, cohort study in HCWs immunized with two doses of Sputnik V between February and March 2021. The following variables were assessed: age, gender, risk factors for severe COVID-19 or mortality, immunosuppressive therapy and history of SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples were drawn on the day of the first dose, 28 days and 180 days after the second. Anti-Spike IgG was measured using an ELISA assay. Differences in immune response were evaluated according to study variables. Comparison analyses between groups with or without history of infection were performed, with T-test and ANOVA or Mann-Whitney tests. For each subject, we compared baseline values with 28 days and 180 days after the second vaccine. STATA version 14 and R Sofware were used for data analyses. Results We included 528 individuals, mean age 41.5 years, 82.9% female, 14.4% (76/528) reported previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. All subjects developed antibodies post-vaccination. At day 28, concentrations were significantly higher in previously infected than naïve subjects (p < 0.001) with no differences according to age, gender and comorbidities. At day 180, 17% (95% CI 13.17–21.53) of naïve subjects were negative. Antibody concentrations decreased significantly in all subjects except in those who reported SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination (n = 31). This last group had significantly higher antibody concentrations. Conclusion This study assessed immune response to a new COVID-19 vaccine in real life in a cohort of subjects. Antibody concentrations varied according to history of SARS-COV-2 infection and decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gentile
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - V E Castellano
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - A Pacchiotti
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - N Weinberger
- Department of Virology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - S Diana Menéndez
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - M Del Pino
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - G Carciofi
- Department of Virology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - P Lamy
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - A S Mistchenko
- Commission of Scientific Investigations of the Province of Buenos Aires, Calle 526, La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
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Gur-Arie L, Eitan-Wexler M, Weinberger N, Rosenshine I, Livnah O. The bacterial metalloprotease NleD selectively cleaves mitogen-activated protein kinases that have high flexibility in their activation loop. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9409-9420. [PMID: 32404367 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens often target the host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) network to suppress host immune responses. We previously identified a bacterial type III secretion system effector, termed NleD, a metalloprotease that inactivates MAPKs by specifically cleaving their activation loop. Here, we show that NleDs form a growing family of virulence factors harbored by human and plant pathogens as well as insect symbionts. These NleDs disable specifically Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38s that are required for host immune response, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which is essential for host cell viability, remains intact. We investigated the mechanism that makes ERK resistant to NleD cleavage. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed that NleD exclusively targets activation loops with high conformational flexibility. Accordingly, NleD cleaved the flexible loops of JNK and p38 but not the rigid loop of ERK. Our findings elucidate a compelling mechanism of native substrate proteolysis that is promoted by entropy-driven specificity. We propose that such entropy-based selectivity is a general attribute of proteolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Gur-Arie
- Department Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maayan Eitan-Wexler
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silverman Institute of Life Sciences, The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Weinberger
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silverman Institute of Life Sciences, The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilan Rosenshine
- Department Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oded Livnah
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silverman Institute of Life Sciences, The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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