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Jiang X, Patil NA, Xu Y, Wickremasinghe H, Zhou QT, Zhou F, Thompson PE, Wang L, Xiao M, Roberts KD, Velkov T, Li J. Structure-Interaction Relationship of Polymyxins with Lung Surfactant. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16109-16119. [PMID: 38019899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria present an urgent and formidable threat to the global public health. Polymyxins have emerged as a last-resort therapy against these 'superbugs'; however, their efficacy against pulmonary infection is poor. In this study, we integrated chemical biology and molecular dynamics simulations to examine how the alveolar lung surfactant significantly reduces polymyxin antibacterial activity. We discovered that lung surfactant is a phospholipid-based permeability barrier against polymyxins, compromising their efficacy against target bacteria. Next, we unraveled the structure-interaction relationship between polymyxins and lung surfactant, elucidating the thermodynamics that govern the penetration of polymyxins through this critical surfactant layer. Moreover, we developed a novel analog, FADDI-235, which exhibited potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria, both in the presence and absence of lung surfactant. These findings shed new light on the sequestration mechanism of lung surfactant on polymyxins and importantly pave the way for the rational design of new-generation lipopeptide antibiotics to effectively treat Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Yuwen Xu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Hasini Wickremasinghe
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907, United States of America
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kade D Roberts
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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2
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Patil NA, Ma W, Jiang X, He X, Yu HH, Wickremasinghe H, Wang J, Thompson PE, Velkov T, Roberts KD, Li J. Critical Role of Position 10 Residue in the Polymyxin Antimicrobial Activity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2865-2876. [PMID: 36745479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) are lipopeptide antibiotics used as a last-line treatment for life-threatening multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. Unfortunately, their clinical use has been affected by dose-limiting toxicity and increasing resistance. Structure-activity (SAR) and structure-toxicity (STR) relationships are paramount for the development of safer polymyxins, albeit very little is known about the role of the conserved position 10 threonine (Thr) residue in the polymyxin core scaffold. Here, we synthesized 30 novel analogues of polymyxin B1 modified explicitly at position 10 and examined the antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and in vivo toxicity and performed molecular dynamics simulations with bacterial outer membranes. For the first time, this study revealed the stereochemical requirements and role of the β-hydroxy side chain in promoting the correctly folded conformation of the polymyxin that drives outer membrane penetration and antibacterial activity. These findings provide essential information for developing safer and more efficacious new-generation polymyxin antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Patil
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wendong Ma
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Xukai Jiang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoji He
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Heidi H Yu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hasini Wickremasinghe
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jiping Wang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kade D Roberts
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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3
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Jiang X, Han M, Tran K, Patil NA, Ma W, Roberts KD, Xiao M, Sommer B, Schreiber F, Wang L, Velkov T, Li J. An Intelligent Strategy with All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations for the Design of Lipopeptides against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10001-10013. [PMID: 35786900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria seriously threaten modern medicine due to the lack of efficacious therapeutic options. Their outer membrane (OM) is an essential protective fortress to exclude many antibiotics. Unfortunately, current structural biology methods are not able to resolve the membrane structure and it is difficult to examine the specific interaction between the OM and small molecules. These limitations hinder mechanistic understanding of antibiotic penetration through the OM and antibiotic discovery. Here, we developed biologically relevant OM models by quantitatively determining membrane lipidomics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and elucidated how lipopolysaccharide modifications and OM vesicles mediated resistance to polymyxins. Supported by chemical biology and pharmacological assays, our multiscale molecular dynamics simulations provide an intelligent platform to quantify the membrane-penetrating thermodynamics of peptides and predict their antimicrobial activity. Through experimental validations with our in-house polymyxin analogue library, our computational strategy may have significant potential in accelerating the discovery of lipopeptides against bacterial "superbugs".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meiling Han
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Kevin Tran
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Wendong Ma
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Kade D Roberts
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bjorn Sommer
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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4
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Patil NA, Thombare VJ, Li R, He X, Lu J, Yu HH, Wickremasinghe H, Pamulapati K, Azad MAK, Velkov T, Roberts KD, Li J. An Efficient Approach for the Design and Synthesis of Antimicrobial Peptide-Peptide Nucleic Acid Conjugates. Front Chem 2022; 10:843163. [PMID: 35372270 PMCID: PMC8964499 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.843163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) conjugates targeting essential bacterial genes have shown significant potential in developing novel antisense antimicrobials. The majority of efforts in this area are focused on identifying different PNA targets and the selection of peptides to deliver the peptide-PNA conjugates to Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, the selection of a linkage strategy to form peptide-PNA conjugate plays an important role in the effective delivery of PNAs. Recently, a unique Cysteine- 2-Cyanoisonicotinamide (Cys-CINA) click chemistry has been employed for the synthesis of cyclic peptides. Considering the high selectivity of this chemistry, we investigated the efficiency of Cys-CINA conjugation to synthesize novel antimicrobial peptide-PNA conjugates. The PNA targeting acyl carrier protein gene (acpP), when conjugated to the membrane-active antimicrobial peptides (polymyxin), showed improvement in antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii. Thus, indicating that the Cys-CINA conjugation is an effective strategy to link the antisense oligonucleotides with antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, the Cys-CINA conjugation opens an exciting prospect for antimicrobial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A. Patil
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nitin A. Patil,
| | - Varsha J. Thombare
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rong Li
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaoji He
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Lu
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Heidi H. Yu
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hasini Wickremasinghe
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kavya Pamulapati
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammad A. K. Azad
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kade D. Roberts
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Jiang X, Patil NA, Azad MAK, Wickremasinghe H, Yu H, Zhao J, Zhang X, Li M, Gong B, Wan L, Ma W, Thompson PE, Yang K, Yuan B, Schreiber F, Wang L, Velkov T, Roberts KD, Li J. A novel chemical biology and computational approach to expedite the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against life-threatening Acinetobacter baumannii. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12211-12220. [PMID: 34667587 PMCID: PMC8457388 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria represent a major medical challenge worldwide. New antibiotics are desperately required with 'old' polymyxins often being the only available therapeutic option. Here, we systematically investigated the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of polymyxins using a quantitative lipidomics-informed outer membrane (OM) model of Acinetobacter baumannii and a series of chemically synthesized polymyxin analogs. By integrating chemical biology and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we deciphered how each residue of the polymyxin molecule modulated its conformational folding and specific interactions with the bacterial OM. Importantly, a novel designed polymyxin analog FADDI-287 with predicted stronger OM penetration showed improved in vitro antibacterial activity. Collectively, our study provides a novel chemical biology and computational strategy to expedite the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against life-threatening Gram-negative 'superbugs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University Qingdao China
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Mohammad A K Azad
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Hasini Wickremasinghe
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Heidi Yu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Xinru Zhang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Mengyao Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Bin Gong
- School of Software, Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Lin Wan
- School of Software, Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Wendong Ma
- Centre for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Kai Yang
- Centre for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Centre for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Kade D Roberts
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
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6
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Jiang X, Yang K, Yuan B, Han M, Zhu Y, Roberts KD, Patil NA, Li J, Gong B, Hancock REW, Velkov T, Schreiber F, Wang L, Li J. Molecular dynamics simulations informed by membrane lipidomics reveal the structure-interaction relationship of polymyxins with the lipid A-based outer membrane of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:3534-3543. [PMID: 32911540 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDR bacteria represent an urgent threat to human health globally. Polymyxins are a last-line therapy against life-threatening Gram-negative 'superbugs', including Acinetobacter baumannii. Polymyxins exert antimicrobial activity primarily via permeabilizing the bacterial outer membrane (OM); however, the mechanism of interaction between polymyxins and the OM remains unclear at the atomic level. METHODS We constructed a lipid A-based OM model of A. baumannii using quantitative membrane lipidomics data and employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with umbrella sampling techniques to elucidate the structure-interaction relationship and thermodynamics governing the penetration of polymyxins [B1 and E1 (i.e. colistin A) representing the two clinically used polymyxins] into the OM. RESULTS Polymyxin B1 and colistin A bound to the A. baumannii OM by the initial electrostatic interactions between the Dab residues of polymyxins and the phosphates of lipid A, competitively displacing the cations from the headgroup region of the OM. Both polymyxin B1 and colistin A formed a unique folded conformation upon approaching the hydrophobic centre of the OM, consistent with previous experimental observations. Polymyxin penetration induced reorientation of the headgroups of the OM lipids near the penetration site and caused local membrane disorganization, thereby significantly increasing membrane permeability and promoting the subsequent penetration of polymyxin molecules into the OM and periplasmic space. CONCLUSIONS The thermodynamics governing the penetration of polymyxins through the outer leaflet of the A. baumannii OM were examined and novel structure-interaction relationship information was obtained at the atomic and membrane level. Our findings will facilitate the discovery of novel polymyxins against MDR Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Jiang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kai Yang
- Centre for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Centre for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiling Han
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yan Zhu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kade D Roberts
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jingliang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bin Gong
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Patil NA, Quek JP, Schroeder B, Morewood R, Rademann J, Luo D, Nitsche C. 2-Cyanoisonicotinamide Conjugation: A Facile Approach to Generate Potent Peptide Inhibitors of the Zika Virus Protease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:732-737. [PMID: 34055219 PMCID: PMC8155238 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid generation and modification of macrocyclic peptides in medicinal chemistry is an ever-growing area that can present various synthetic challenges. The reaction between N-terminal cysteine and 2-cyanoisonicotinamide is a new biocompatible click reaction that allows rapid access to macrocyclic peptides. Importantly, 2-cyanoisonicotinamide can be attached to different linkers directly during solid-phase peptide synthesis. The synthesis involves only commercially available precursors, allowing for a fully automated process. We demonstrate the approach for four cyclic peptide ligands of the Zika virus protease NS2B-NS3. Although all peptides display the substrate recognition motif, the activity strongly depends on the linker length, with the shortest cyclization linker corresponding to highest activity (K i = 0.64 μM). The most active cyclic peptide displays affinity 78 times higher than that of its linear analogue. We solved a crystal structure of the proteolytically cleaved ligand and synthesized it by applying the presented chemistry to peptide ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A. Patil
- Biomedicine
Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jun-Ping Quek
- Lee
Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Barbara Schroeder
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National
University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Richard Morewood
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National
University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee
Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National
University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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9
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Jiang X, Yang K, Yuan B, Gong B, Wan L, Patil NA, Swarbrick JD, Roberts KD, Schreiber F, Wang L, Velkov T, Li J. Simulations of octapeptin-outer membrane interactions reveal conformational flexibility is linked to antimicrobial potency. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15902-15912. [PMID: 32913118 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The octapeptins are lipopeptide antibiotics that are structurally similar to polymyxins yet retain activity against polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, suggesting they might be used to treat recalcitrant infections. However, the basis of their unique activity is unclear because of the difficulty in generating high-resolution experimental data of the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with lipid membranes. To elucidate these structure-activity relationships, we employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with umbrella sampling to investigate the conformational and energetic landscape of octapeptins interacting with bacterial outer membrane (OM). Specifically, we examined the interaction of octapeptin C4 and FADDI-115, lacking a single hydroxyl group compared with octapeptin C4, with the lipid A-phosphoethanolamine modified OM of Acinetobacter baumannii Octapeptin C4 and FADDI-115 both penetrated into the OM hydrophobic center but experienced different conformational transitions from an unfolded to a folded state that was highly dependent on the structural flexibility of their respective N-terminal fatty acyl groups. The additional hydroxyl group present in the fatty acyl group of octapeptin C4 resulted in the molecule becoming trapped in a semifolded state, leading to a higher free energy barrier for OM penetration. The free energy barrier for the translocation through the OM hydrophobic layer was ∼72 kcal/mol for octapeptin C4 and 62 kcal/mol for FADDI-115. Our results help to explain the lower antimicrobial activity previously observed for octapeptin C4 compared with FADDI-115 and more broadly improve our understanding of the structure-function relationships of octapeptins. These findings may facilitate the discovery of next-generation octapeptins against polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative 'superbugs.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Jiang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Gong
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wan
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James D Swarbrick
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kade D Roberts
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Zhu Y, Lu J, Han M, Jiang X, Azad MAK, Patil NA, Lin Y, Zhao J, Hu Y, Yu HH, Chen K, Boyce JD, Dunstan RA, Lithgow T, Barlow CK, Li W, Schneider‐Futschik EK, Wang J, Gong B, Sommer B, Creek DJ, Fu J, Wang L, Schreiber F, Velkov T, Li J. Polymyxins Bind to the Cell Surface of Unculturable Acinetobacter baumannii and Cause Unique Dependent Resistance. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2000704. [PMID: 32775156 PMCID: PMC7403960 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a top-priority pathogen globally and polymyxins are a last-line therapy. Polymyxin dependence in A. baumannii (i.e., nonculturable on agar without polymyxins) is a unique and highly-resistant phenotype with a significant potential to cause treatment failure in patients. The present study discovers that a polymyxin-dependent A. baumannii strain possesses mutations in both lpxC (lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis) and katG (reactive oxygen species scavenging) genes. Correlative multiomics analyses show a significantly remodeled cell envelope and remarkably abundant phosphatidylglycerol in the outer membrane (OM). Molecular dynamics simulations and quantitative membrane lipidomics reveal that polymyxin-dependent growth emerges only when the lipopolysaccharide-deficient OM distinctively remodels with ≥ 35% phosphatidylglycerol, and with "patch" binding on the OM by the rigid polymyxin molecules containing strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Rather than damaging the OM, polymyxins bind to the phosphatidylglycerol-rich OM and strengthen the membrane integrity, thereby protecting bacteria from external reactive oxygen species. Dependent growth is observed exclusively with polymyxin analogues, indicating a critical role of the specific amino acid sequence of polymyxins in forming unique structures for patch-binding to bacterial OM. Polymyxin dependence is a novel antibiotic resistance mechanism and the current findings highlight the risk of 'invisible' polymyxin-dependent isolates in the evolution of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Jing Lu
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Mei‐Ling Han
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Xukai Jiang
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Mohammad A. K. Azad
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Nitin A. Patil
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Yu‐Wei Lin
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Yang Hu
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Heidi H. Yu
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Ke Chen
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - John D. Boyce
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Rhys A. Dunstan
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | | | - Weifeng Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | | | - Jiping Wang
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Bin Gong
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Bjorn Sommer
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of KonstanzKonstanz78457Germany
| | - Darren J. Creek
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and DynamicsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourne3052Australia
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao CampusQingdao266237China
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of KonstanzKonstanz78457Germany
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourne3010Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Infection & Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia
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11
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John T, Greene GW, Patil NA, Dealey TJA, Hossain MA, Abel B, Martin LL. Adsorption of Amyloidogenic Peptides to Functionalized Surfaces Is Biased by Charge and Hydrophilicity. Langmuir 2019; 35:14522-14531. [PMID: 31537064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces are abundant in living systems, such as in the form of cellular membranes, and govern many biological processes. In this study, the adsorption of the amyloidogenic model peptides GNNQQNY, NNFGAIL, and VQIVYK as well as the amyloid-forming antimicrobial peptide uperin 3.5 (U3.5) were studied at low concentrations (100 μM) to different surfaces. The technique of a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was applied as it enables the monitoring of mass binding to sensors at nanogram sensitivity. Gold-coated quartz sensors were used as unmodified gold surfaces or functionalized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols (terminated as methyl, amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl) resulting in different adsorption affinities of the peptides. Our objective was to evaluate the underlying role of the nature and feature of interfaces in biological systems which could concentrate peptides and impact or trigger peptide aggregation processes. In overall, the largely hydrophobic peptides adsorbed with preference to hydrophobic or countercharged surfaces. Further, the glycoprotein lubricin (LUB) was tested as an antiadhesive coating. Despite its hydrophilicity, the adsorption of peptides to LUB coated sensors was similar to the adsorption to unmodified gold surfaces, which indicates that some peptides diffused through the LUB layer to reach the underlying gold sensor surface. The LUB protein-antiadhesive is thus more effective as a biomaterial coating against larger biomolecules than small peptides under the conditions used here. This study provides directions toward a better understanding of amyloid peptide adsorption to biologically relevant interfaces, such as cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten John
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Leipzig University , Linnéstraße 3 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , 75 Pigdons Road , Waurn Ponds , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Tiara J A Dealey
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Mohammed A Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Leipzig University , Linnéstraße 3 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
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12
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John T, Dealey TJA, Gray NP, Patil NA, Hossain MA, Abel B, Carver JA, Hong Y, Martin LL. The Kinetics of Amyloid Fibrillar Aggregation of Uperin 3.5 Is Directed by the Peptide’s Secondary Structure. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3656-3668. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten John
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tiara J. A. Dealey
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. Gray
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nitin A. Patil
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed A. Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John A. Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Lisandra L. Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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13
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Patil NA, Karas JA, Wade JD, Hossain MA, Tailhades J. Rapid Photolysis‐Mediated Folding of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides. Chemistry 2019; 25:8599-8603. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A. Patil
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute 15 Innovation Walk Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - John A. Karas
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsThe University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsThe University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne 30 Royal Parade, Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsThe University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne 30 Royal Parade, Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute 15 Innovation Walk Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- EMBL AustraliaMonash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
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14
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Patil NA, Karas JA, Turner BJ, Shabanpoor F. Thiol-Cyanobenzothiazole Ligation for the Efficient Preparation of Peptide-PNA Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:793-799. [PMID: 30645945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based drugs are emerging with great potential as therapeutic compounds for diseases with unmet medical needs. However, for ASOs to be effective as clinical entities, they should reach their intracellular RNA and DNA targets at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Over the past decades, various covalently attached delivery vehicles have been utilized for intracellular delivery of ASOs. One such approach is the use of biocompatible cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) covalently conjugated to ASOs. The stability of the linkage is of paramount importance for maximal intracellular delivery to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. In this study, we have investigated the efficiency and stability of four different bioorthogonal and nonreductive linkages including triazole, thioether, thiosuccinimide thioether and thiazole moieties. Here we have shown that thiazole and thiosuccinimide are the two most efficient and facile approaches for the preparation of peptide-ASO conjugates. The thiazole linkage had a higher stability compared to the thiosuccinimide thioether at physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C) in the presence of a biologically relevant concentration of glutathione. We have also shown that the peptide-ASO conjugate with a thiosuccinimide linkage has a significantly lower antisense activity compared to the peptide-ASO with the thiazole linkage, which maintains its antisense activity after 24 h of exposure to glutathione. In summary, we have demonstrated that the bioorthogonal thiazole linkage offers the benefits of mild reaction conditions, fast reaction kinetics, absence of any byproducts, and higher stability compared to other conjugation approaches. This facile ligation can be used for the synthesis of a variety of bioconjugates where a stable linkage is required.
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15
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Patil NA, Rosengren KJ, Separovic F, Wade JD, Bathgate RAD, Hossain MA. Relaxin family peptides: structure-activity relationship studies. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:950-961. [PMID: 27922185 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human relaxin peptide family consists of seven cystine-rich peptides, four of which are known to signal through relaxin family peptide receptors, RXFP1-4. As these peptides play a vital role physiologically and in various diseases, they are of considerable importance for drug discovery and development. Detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies towards understanding the role of important residues in each of these peptides have been reported over the years and utilized for the design of antagonists and minimized agonist variants. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the SAR of human relaxin 2 (H2 relaxin), human relaxin 3 (H3 relaxin), human insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) and human insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5). LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - K Johan Rosengren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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16
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Patil NA, Tailhades J, Karas JA, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Innentitelbild: A One-Pot Chemically Cleavable Bis-Linker Tether Strategy for the Synthesis of Heterodimeric Peptides (Angew. Chem. 47/2016). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A. Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - John A. Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
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17
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Patil NA, Tailhades J, Karas JA, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Inside Cover: A One‐Pot Chemically Cleavable Bis‐Linker Tether Strategy for the Synthesis of Heterodimeric Peptides (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47/2016). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A. Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Institute University of Melbourne Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - John A. Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Institute University of Melbourne Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Institute University of Melbourne Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
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18
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Karas JA, Patil NA, Tailhades J, Sani MA, Scanlon DB, Forbes BE, Gardiner J, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Total Chemical Synthesis of an Intra-A-Chain Cystathionine Human Insulin Analogue with Enhanced Thermal Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- CSIRO; Materials Science and Engineering; Clayton VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Nitin A. Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Denis B. Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Briony E. Forbes
- School of Medicine; Flinders University; Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - James Gardiner
- CSIRO; Materials Science and Engineering; Clayton VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
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19
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Karas JA, Patil NA, Tailhades J, Sani MA, Scanlon DB, Forbes BE, Gardiner J, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Total Chemical Synthesis of an Intra-A-Chain Cystathionine Human Insulin Analogue with Enhanced Thermal Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14743-14747. [PMID: 27761974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, storage of insulin formulations at 4 °C is still necessary to minimize chemical degradation. This is problematic in tropical regions where reliable refrigeration is not ubiquitous. Some degradation byproducts are caused by disulfide shuffling of cystine that leads to covalently bonded oligomers. Consequently we examined the utility of the non-reducible cystine isostere, cystathionine, within the A-chain. Reported herein is an efficient method for forming this mimic using simple monomeric building blocks. The intra-A-chain cystathionine insulin analogue was obtained in good overall yield, chemically characterized and demonstrated to possess native binding affinity for the insulin receptor isoform B. It was also shown to possess significantly enhanced thermal stability indicating potential application to next-generation insulin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,CSIRO, Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nitin A Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Denis B Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Briony E Forbes
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - James Gardiner
- CSIRO, Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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20
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Patil NA, Tailhades J, Karas JA, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. A One-Pot Chemically Cleavable Bis-Linker Tether Strategy for the Synthesis of Heterodimeric Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A. Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - John A. Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
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21
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Patil NA, Tailhades J, Karas JA, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. A One-Pot Chemically Cleavable Bis-Linker Tether Strategy for the Synthesis of Heterodimeric Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14552-14556. [PMID: 27529162 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterodimeric peptides linked by disulfide bonds are attractive drug targets. However, their chemical assembly can be tedious, time-consuming, and low yielding. Inspired by the cellular synthesis of pro-insulin in which the two constituent peptide chains are expressed as a single-chain precursor separated by a connecting C-peptide, we have developed a novel chemically cleavable bis-linker tether which allows the convenient assembly of two peptide chains as a single "pro"-peptide on the same solid support. Following the peptide cleavage and post-synthetic modifications, this bis-linker tether can be removed in one-step by chemical means. This method was used to synthesize a drug delivery-cargo conjugate, TAT-PKCi peptide, and a two-disulfide bridged heterodimeric peptide, thionin (7-19)-(24-32R), a thionin analogue. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a one-pot chemically cleavable bis-linker strategy for the facile synthesis of cross-bridged two-chain peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John A Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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22
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Hossain MA, Kocan M, Yao ST, Royce SG, Nair VB, Siwek C, Patil NA, Harrison IP, Rosengren KJ, Selemidis S, Summers RJ, Wade JD, Bathgate RAD, Samuel CS. A single-chain derivative of the relaxin hormone is a functionally selective agonist of the G protein-coupled receptor, RXFP1. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3805-3819. [PMID: 30155023 PMCID: PMC6013806 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-chain derivative of the relaxin hormone ameliorates fibrosis without side-effects.
Human gene-2 relaxin (H2 relaxin) is a pleiotropic hormone with powerful vasodilatory and anti-fibrotic properties which has led to its clinical evaluation and provisional FDA approval as a treatment for acute heart failure. The diverse effects of H2 relaxin are mediated via its cognate G protein coupled-receptor (GPCR), Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor (RXFP1), leading to stimulation of a combination of cell signalling pathways that includes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2. However, its complex two-chain (A and B), disulfide-rich insulin-like structure is a limitation to its facile preparation, availability and affordability. Furthermore, its strong activation of cAMP signaling is likely responsible for reported detrimental tumor-promoting actions that may preclude long-term use of this drug for treating human disease. Here we report the design and synthesis of a H2 relaxin B-chain-only analogue, B7-33, which was shown to bind to RXFP1 and preferentially activate the pERK pathway over cAMP in cells that endogenously expressed RXFP1. Thus, B7-33 represents the first functionally selective agonist of the complex GPCR, RXFP1. Importantly, this small peptide agonist prevented or reversed organ fibrosis and dysfunction in three pre-clinical rodent models of heart or lung disease with similar potency to H2 relaxin. The molecular mechanism behind the strong anti-fibrotic actions of B7-33 involved its activation of RXFP1-angiotensin II type 2 receptor heterodimers that induced selective downstream signaling of pERK1/2 and the collagen-degrading enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. Furthermore, in contrast to H2 relaxin, B7-33 did not promote prostate tumor growth in vivo. Our results represent the first known example of the minimisation of a two-chain cyclic insulin-like peptide to a single-chain linear peptide that retains potent beneficial agonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Martina Kocan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Song T Yao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ;
| | - Simon G Royce
- Cardiovascular Disease Program , Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Victoria , Australia .
| | - Vinojini B Nair
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Christopher Siwek
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Ian P Harrison
- Cardiovascular Disease Program , Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Victoria , Australia .
| | - K Johan Rosengren
- The University of Queensland , School of Biomedical Sciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Cardiovascular Disease Program , Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Victoria , Australia .
| | - Roger J Summers
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia . ; ; .,Department of Biochemistry , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program , Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Victoria , Australia .
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23
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Patil NA, Hughes RA, Rosengren KJ, Kocan M, Ang SY, Tailhades J, Separovic F, Summers RJ, Grosse J, Wade JD, Bathgate RAD, Hossain MA. Engineering of a Novel Simplified Human Insulin-Like Peptide 5 Agonist. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2118-25. [PMID: 26824523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) has recently been discovered as only the second orexigenic gut hormone after ghrelin. As we have previously reported, INSL5 is extremely difficult to assemble and oxidize into its two-chain three-disulfide structure. The focus of this study was to generate structure-activity relationships (SARs) of INSL5 and use it to develop a potent and simpler INSL5 mimetic with RXFP4 agonist activity. A series of human and mouse INSL5 (hINSL5/mINSL5) analogues were designed and chemically synthesized, resulting in a chimeric INSL5 analogue exhibiting more than 10-fold higher potency (0.35 nM) at human RXFP4 compared with native hINSL5 (4.57 nM). The SAR study also identified a key residue (K(A15)) in the A-chain of mINSL5 that contributes to improved RXFP4 affinity and potency of mINSL5 compared with hINSL5. This knowledge ultimately led us to engineer a minimized hINSL5 mimetic agonist that retains native hINSL5-like RXFP4 affinity and potency at human RXFP4. This minimized analogue was synthesized in 17.5-fold higher yield and in less time compared with hINSL5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Johan Rosengren
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martina Kocan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sheng Yu Ang
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Roger J Summers
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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24
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Patil NA, Bathgate RAD, Kocan M, Ang SY, Tailhades J, Separovic F, Summers R, Grosse J, Hughes RA, Wade JD, Hossain MA. The C-terminus of the B-chain of human insulin-like peptide 5 is critical for cognate RXFP4 receptor activity. Amino Acids 2015; 48:987-992. [PMID: 26661035 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) is an orexigenic peptide hormone belonging to the relaxin family of peptides. It is expressed primarily in the L-cells of the colon and has a postulated key role in regulating food intake. Its G protein-coupled receptor, RXFP4, is a potential drug target for treating obesity and anorexia. We studied the effect of modification of the C-terminus of the A and B-chains of human INSL5 on RXFP4 binding and activation. Three variants of human INSL5 were prepared using solid phase peptide synthesis and subsequent sequential regioselective disulfide bond formation. The peptides were synthesized as C-terminal acids (both A- and B-chains with free C-termini, i.e., the native form), amides (both chains as the C-terminal amide) and one analog with the C-terminus of its A-chain as the amide and the C-terminus of the B-chain as the acid. The results showed that C-terminus of the B-chain is more important than that of the A-chain for RXFP4 binding and activity. Amidation of the A-chain C-terminus does not have any effect on the INSL5 activity. The difference in RXFP4 binding and activation between the three peptides is believed to be due to electrostatic interaction of the free carboxylate of INSL5 with a positively charged residue (s), either situated within the INSL5 molecule itself or in the receptor extracellular loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Patil
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martina Kocan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheng Yu Ang
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger Summers
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Richard A Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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25
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Tailhades J, Patil NA, Hossain MA, Wade JD. Intramolecular acyl transfer in peptide and protein ligation and synthesis. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:139-47. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Nitin A. Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
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26
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Patil NA, Tailhades J, Hughes RA, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Cellular disulfide bond formation in bioactive peptides and proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1791-805. [PMID: 25594871 PMCID: PMC4307334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides play important roles in metabolic regulation and modulation and many are used as therapeutics. These peptides often possess disulfide bonds, which are important for their structure, function and stability. A systematic network of enzymes--a disulfide bond generating enzyme, a disulfide bond donor enzyme and a redox cofactor--that function inside the cell dictates the formation and maintenance of disulfide bonds. The main pathways that catalyze disulfide bond formation in peptides and proteins in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are remarkably similar and share several mechanistic features. This review summarizes the formation of disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins by cellular and recombinant machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Patil
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Julien Tailhades
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Richard Anthony Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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