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Gulve N, Su C, Deng Z, Soldan SS, Vladimirova O, Wickramasinghe J, Zheng H, Kossenkov AV, Lieberman PM. DAXX-ATRX regulation of p53 chromatin binding and DNA damage response. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5033. [PMID: 36028493 PMCID: PMC9418176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DAXX and ATRX are tumor suppressor proteins that form a histone H3.3 chaperone complex and are frequently mutated in cancers with the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Here, we show that DAXX and ATRX knock-out (KO) U87-T cells that have acquired ALT-like features have defects in p53 chromatin binding and DNA damage response. RNA-seq analysis revealed that p53 pathway is among the most perturbed. ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq revealed a genome-wide reduction in p53 DNA-binding and corresponding loss of chromatin accessibility at many p53 response elements across the genome. Both DAXX and ATRX null cells showed a depletion of histone H3.3 and accumulation of γH2AX at many p53 sites, including subtelomeres. These findings indicate that loss of DAXX or ATRX can compromise p53 chromatin binding and p53 DNA damage response in ALT-like cells, providing a link between histone composition, chromatin accessibility and tumor suppressor function of p53. The tumor suppressor proteins DAXX and ATRX are frequently mutated in cancers with alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). This study shows that DAXX-ATRX regulates p53 chromatin accessibility and DNA damage response and that disruption of this pathway is critical for ALT cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Gulve
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chenhe Su
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhong Deng
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hongwu Zheng
- Weill School of Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Gulve
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Gulve N, Prusty BK, Rudel T. Chlamydia trachomatis impairs host base excision repair by downregulating polymerase β. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e12986. [PMID: 30471195 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infections have been associated with ovarian cancer by several epidemiological studies. Here, we show that C. trachomatis-infected primary human ovarian epithelial cells display elevated oxidative DNA damage. Base excision repair, an important cellular mechanism to repair oxidative DNA lesions, was impaired in infected primary ovarian and in several other types of cells. Polymerase β was downregulated in infected cells associated with upregulation of microRNA-499a (miR-499a). Stabilising polymerase β by inhibiting miR-499a significantly improved repair. Moreover, downregulation of tumour suppressor p53 also resulted in attenuated repair in these cells. Thus, our data show that downregulation of polymerase β by direct inhibition through miR-499a and downregulation of p53 debilitate the host-cell base excision repair during C. trachomatis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Gulve
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bhupesh K Prusty
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Prusty BK, Gulve N, Govind S, Krueger GRF, Feichtinger J, Larcombe L, Aspinall R, Ablashi DV, Toro CT. Active HHV-6 Infection of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Mood Disorders. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1955. [PMID: 30186267 PMCID: PMC6110891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life infections and associated neuroinflammation is incriminated in the pathogenesis of various mood disorders. Infection with human roseoloviruses, HHV-6A and HHV-6B, allows viral latency in the central nervous system and other tissues, which can later be activated causing cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate possible association of HHV-6A and HHV-6B activation with three different groups of psychiatric patients. DNA qPCR, immunofluorescence and FISH studies were carried out in post-mortem posterior cerebellum from 50 cases each of bipolar disorder (BPD), schizophrenia, 15 major depressive disorder (MDD) and 50 appropriate control samples obtained from two well-known brain collections (Stanley Medical Research Institute). HHV-6A and HHV-6B late proteins (indicating active infection) and viral DNA were detected more frequently (p < 0.001 for each virus) in human cerebellum in MDD and BPD relative to controls. These roseolovirus proteins and DNA were found less frequently in schizophrenia cases. Active HHV-6A and HHV-6B infection in cerebellar Purkinje cells were detected frequently in BPD and MDD cases. Furthermore, we found a significant association of HHV-6A infection with reduced Purkinje cell size, suggesting virus-mediated abnormal Purkinje cell function in these disorders. Finally, gene expression analysis of cerebellar tissue revealed changes in pathways reflecting an inflammatory response possibly to HHV-6A infection. Our results provide molecular evidence to support a role for active HHV-6A and HHV-6B infection in BPD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh K Prusty
- Biocenter, Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nitish Gulve
- Biocenter, Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sheila Govind
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard R F Krueger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Feichtinger
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Omics Center, Graz, Austria
| | - Lee Larcombe
- Applied Exomics Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Aspinall
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carla T Toro
- HHV-6 Foundation, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.,The Institute of Digital Healthcare, The University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
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Prusty BK, Chowdhury SR, Gulve N, Rudel T. Peptidase Inhibitor 15 (PI15) Regulates Chlamydial CPAF Activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:183. [PMID: 29900129 PMCID: PMC5989220 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate intracellular pathogenic Chlamydia trachomatis express several serine proteases whose roles in chlamydial development and pathogenicity are not completely understood. The chlamydial protease CPAF is expressed during the replicative phase of the chlamydial developmental cycle and is secreted into the lumen of the Chlamydia-containing vacuole called inclusion. How the secreted protease is activated in the inclusion lumen is currently not fully understood. We have identified human serine peptidase inhibitor PI15 as a potential host factor involved in the regulation of CPAF activation. Silencing expression as well as over expression of PI15 affected normal development of Chlamydia. PI15 was transported into the chlamydial inclusion lumen where it co-localized with CPAF aggregates. We show that PI15 binds to the CPAF zymogen and potentially induces CPAF protease activity at low concentrations. However, at high concentrations PI15 inhibits CPAF activity possibly by blocking its protease domain. Our findings shed light on a new aspect of chlamydial host co-evolution which involves the recruitment of host cell proteins into the inclusion to control the activation of bacterial proteases like CPAF that are important for the normal development of Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh K Prusty
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Nitish Gulve
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Prusty BK, Gulve N, Rasa S, Murovska M, Hernandez PC, Ablashi DV. Possible chromosomal and germline integration of human herpesvirus 7. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:266-274. [PMID: 28284243 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a betaherpesvirus, and is phylogenetically related to both HHV-6A and HHV-6B. The presence of telomeric repeat sequences at both ends of its genome should make it equally likely to integrate into the human telomere as HHV-6. However, numerous studies have failed to detect germline integration of HHV-7, suggesting an important difference between the HHV-6A/-6B and HHV-7 genomes. In search of possible germline integrated HHV-7, we developed a sensitive and quantitative real-time PCR assay and discovered that primers designed against some parts of the HHV-7 genome can frequently miss HHV-7 positive clinical samples even though they work efficiently in cell-culture-derived HHV-7 positive materials. Using a primer pair against the U90 ORF of HHV-7, we identified a possible case of germline integration of HHV-7 with one copy of viral genome per cell in both peripheral blood cells and hair follicles. Chromosomal integration of HHV-7 in these individuals was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Germline integration of HHV-7 was further confirmed by detection of ~2.6 copies of HHV-7 in the hair follicles of one of the parents. Our results shed light on the complex nature of the HHV-7 genome in human-derived materials in comparison to cell-culture-derived materials and show the need for stringent criteria in the selection of primers for epidemiological HHV-7 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh K Prusty
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nitish Gulve
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Santa Rasa
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 1069 Riga, Latvia
| | - Modra Murovska
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 1069 Riga, Latvia
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Das BB, Rakheja D, Lacelle C, Sedlak RH, Gulve N, Chowdhury SR, Prusty BK. Possible progesterone-induced gestational activation of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6B and transplacental transmission of activated human herpesvirus 6B. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:1373-1376. [PMID: 27646062 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti B Das
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chantale Lacelle
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ruth Hall Sedlak
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nitish Gulve
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Germany
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Gulve N, Kimmerling K, Johnston AD, Krueger GR, Ablashi DV, Prusty BK. Anti-herpesviral effects of a novel broad range anti-microbial quaternary ammonium silane, K21. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:166-73. [PMID: 27181377 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have created a novel quaternary ammonium silane, K21 through sol-gel chemistry, using an ethoxylated version of an organosilane quaternary ammonium compound and TetraEthyl Ortho Silicate (TEOS) as precursors. Previous studies using the precursor molecule quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and a methacryloxy version of K21, primarily designed for use in dental healthcare, have shown inhibited growth properties against several types of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii and Candida albicans etc. Here we tested the effect of K21 on HSV-1, HHV-6A and HHV-7 in in vitro cell culture infection models. Our results show growth inhibitory effect of K21 on HSV-1, HHV-6A and HHV-7 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Gulve
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerhard R Krueger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT-Houston Medical School, Houston, USA
| | | | - Bhupesh K Prusty
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Prusty BK, Siegl C, Gulve N, Mori Y, Rudel T. GP96 interacts with HHV-6 during viral entry and directs it for cellular degradation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113962. [PMID: 25470779 PMCID: PMC4254946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD46 and CD134 mediate attachment of Human Herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and HHV-6B to host cell, respectively. But many cell types interfere with viral infection through rapid degradation of viral DNA. Hence, not all cells expressing these receptors are permissive to HHV-6 DNA replication and production of infective virions suggesting the involvement of additional factors that influence HHV-6 propagation. Here, we used a proteomics approach to identify other host cell proteins necessary for HHV-6 binding and entry. We found host cell chaperone protein GP96 to interact with HHV-6A and HHV-6B and to interfere with virus propagation within the host cell. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), GP96 is transported to the cell surface upon infection with HHV-6 and interacts with HHV-6A and -6B through its C-terminal end. Suppression of GP96 expression decreased initial viral binding but increased viral DNA replication. Transient expression of human GP96 allowed HHV-6 entry into CHO-K1 cells even in the absence of CD46. Thus, our results suggest an important role for GP96 during HHV-6 infection, which possibly supports the cellular degradation of the virus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- DNA, Viral/metabolism
- HeLa Cells
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/physiology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Membrane Cofactor Protein/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Models, Biological
- Protein Binding
- Proteolysis
- RNA Interference
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Internalization
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh K. Prusty
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (TR); (BKP)
| | - Christine Siegl
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nitish Gulve
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (TR); (BKP)
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