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Gerhards NM, Gonzales JL, Vreman S, Ravesloot L, van den Brand JMA, Doekes HP, Egberink HF, Stegeman A, Oreshkova N, van der Poel WHM, de Jong MCM. Efficient Direct and Limited Environmental Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.22 in Domestic Cats. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0255322. [PMID: 37222603 PMCID: PMC10269887 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02553-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of domestic cats to infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated by several experimental studies and field observations. We performed an extensive study to further characterize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between cats, through both direct and indirect contact. To that end, we estimated the transmission rate parameter and the decay parameter for infectivity in the environment. Using four groups of pair-transmission experiment, all donor (inoculated) cats became infected, shed virus, and seroconverted, while three out of four direct contact cats got infected, shed virus, and two of those seroconverted. One out of eight cats exposed to a SARS-CoV-2-contaminated environment became infected but did not seroconvert. Statistical analysis of the transmission data gives a reproduction number R0 of 2.18 (95% CI = 0.92 to 4.08), a transmission rate parameter β of 0.23 day-1 (95% CI = 0.06 to 0.54), and a virus decay rate parameter μ of 2.73 day-1 (95% CI = 0.77 to 15.82). These data indicate that transmission between cats is efficient and can be sustained (R0 > 1), however, the infectiousness of a contaminated environment decays rapidly (mean duration of infectiousness 1/2.73 days). Despite this, infections of cats via exposure to a SARS-CoV-2-contaminated environment cannot be discounted if cats are exposed shortly after contamination. IMPORTANCE This article provides additional insight into the risk of infection that could arise from cats infected with SARS-CoV-2 by using epidemiological models to determine transmission parameters. Considering that transmission parameters are not always provided in the literature describing transmission experiments in animals, we demonstrate that mathematical analysis of experimental data is crucial to estimate the likelihood of transmission. This article is also relevant to animal health professionals and authorities involved in risk assessments for zoonotic spill-overs of SARS-CoV-2. Last but not least, the mathematical models to calculate transmission parameters are applicable to analyze the experimental transmission of other pathogens between animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M. Gerhards
- Department of Bioinformatics, Epidemiology and Animal Models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Jose L. Gonzales
- Department of Bioinformatics, Epidemiology and Animal Models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Vreman
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interactions and Diagnostic Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Ravesloot
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interactions and Diagnostic Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | | | - Harmen P. Doekes
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herman F. Egberink
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Stegeman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Oreshkova
- Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H. M. van der Poel
- Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Mart C. M. de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Vreman S, van der Heijden EMDL, Ravesloot L, Ludwig IS, van den Brand JMA, Harders F, Kampfraath AA, Egberink HF, Gonzales JL, Oreshkova N, Broere F, van der Poel WHM, Gerhards NM. Immune Responses and Pathogenesis following Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051052. [PMID: 37243138 DOI: 10.3390/v15051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports demonstrated the susceptibility of domestic cats to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we describe a thorough investigation of the immune responses in cats after experimental SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, along with the characterization of infection kinetics and pathological lesions. Specific pathogen-free domestic cats (n = 12) were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently sacrificed on DPI (days post-inoculation) 2, 4, 7 and 14. None of the infected cats developed clinical signs. Only mild histopathologic lung changes associated with virus antigen expression were observed mainly on DPI 4 and 7. Viral RNA was present until DPI 7, predominantly in nasal and throat swabs. The infectious virus could be isolated from the nose, trachea and lungs until DPI 7. In the swab samples, no biologically relevant SARS-CoV-2 mutations were observed over time. From DPI 7 onwards, all cats developed a humoral immune response. The cellular immune responses were limited to DPI 7. Cats showed an increase in CD8+ cells, and the subsequent RNA sequence analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets revealed a prominent upregulation of antiviral and inflammatory genes on DPI 2. In conclusion, infected domestic cats developed a strong antiviral response and cleared the virus within the first week after infection without overt clinical signs and relevant virus mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vreman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M D L van der Heijden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Ravesloot
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Irene S Ludwig
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M A van den Brand
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Harders
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Andries A Kampfraath
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Herman F Egberink
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jose L Gonzales
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Oreshkova
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H M van der Poel
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Nora M Gerhards
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
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de Swart RL, de Leeuw OS, Oreshkova N, Gerhards NM, Albulescu IC, Vreman S, Gonzales JL, Maas R, van Kuppeveld FJM, Soema P, Bosch BJ, Peeters BPH. Intranasal administration of a live-attenuated recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein induces high neutralizing antibody levels and protects from experimental challenge infection in hamsters. Vaccine 2022; 40:4676-4681. [PMID: 35820941 PMCID: PMC9257146 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic. Recurring disease outbreaks repeatedly overloaded the public health sector and severely affected the global economy. We developed a candidate COVID-19 vaccine based on a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine vector, encoding a pre-fusion stabilized full-length Spike protein obtained from the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan isolate. Vaccination of hamsters by intra-muscular injection or intra-nasal instillation induced high neutralizing antibody responses. Intranasal challenge infection with SARS-CoV-2 strain Lelystad demonstrated that both vaccination routes provided partial protection in the upper respiratory tract, and almost complete protection in the lower respiratory tract, as measured by suppressed viral loads and absence of histological lung lesions. Activity wheel measurements demonstrated that animals vaccinated by intranasal inoculation rapidly recovered to normal activity. NDV constructs encoding the spike of SARS-CoV-2 may be attractive candidates for development of intra-nasal COVID-19 booster vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik L de Swart
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Irina C Albulescu
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology - Virology section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Vreman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | | | - Riks Maas
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology - Virology section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Berend-Jan Bosch
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology - Virology section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Muñoz-Fontela C, Widerspick L, Albrecht RA, Beer M, Carroll MW, de Wit E, Diamond MS, Dowling WE, Funnell SGP, García-Sastre A, Gerhards NM, de Jong R, Munster VJ, Neyts J, Perlman S, Reed DS, Richt JA, Riveros-Balta X, Roy CJ, Salguero FJ, Schotsaert M, Schwartz LM, Seder RA, Segalés J, Vasan SS, Henao-Restrepo AM, Barouch DH. Advances and gaps in SARS-CoV-2 infection models. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010161. [PMID: 35025969 PMCID: PMC8757994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now facing new challenges such as vaccine inequity and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Preclinical models of disease, in particular animal models, are essential to investigate VOC pathogenesis, vaccine correlates of protection and postexposure therapies. Here, we provide an update from the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 modeling expert group (WHO-COM) assembled by WHO, regarding advances in preclinical models. In particular, we discuss how animal model research is playing a key role to evaluate VOC virulence, transmission and immune escape, and how animal models are being refined to recapitulate COVID-19 demographic variables such as comorbidities and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lina Widerspick
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Randy A. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin Beer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Pandemic Sciences Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William E. Dowling
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Washington, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Simon G. P. Funnell
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Rineke de Jong
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent J. Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Douglas S. Reed
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | - Chad J. Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, and Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seshadri S. Vasan
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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5
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Sikkema RS, Tobias T, Oreshkova N, de Bruin E, Okba N, Chandler F, Hulst MM, Rodon J, Houben M, van Maanen K, Bultman H, Meester M, Gerhards NM, Bouwknegt M, Urlings B, Haagmans B, Kluytmans J, GeurtsvanKessel CH, van der Poel WHM, Koopmans MPG, Stegeman A. Experimental and field investigations of exposure, replication and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in pigs in the Netherlands. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 11:91-94. [PMID: 34839786 PMCID: PMC8725821 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2011625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, transmission and reservoir development in swine, we combined results of an experimental and two observational studies. First, intranasal and intratracheal challenge of eight pigs did not result in infection, based on clinical signs and PCR on swab and lung tissue samples. Two serum samples returned a low positive result in virus neutralization, in line with findings in other infection experiments in pigs. Next, a retrospective observational study was performed in the Netherlands in the spring of 2020. Serum samples (N =417) obtained at slaughter from 17 farms located in a region with a high human case incidence in the first wave of the pandemic. Samples were tested with protein micro array, plaque reduction neutralization test and receptor-binding-domain ELISA. None of the serum samples was positive in all three assays, although six samples from one farm returned a low positive result in PRNT (titers 40-80). Therefore we conclude that serological evidence for large scale transmission was not observed. Finally, an outbreak of respiratory disease in pigs on one farm, coinciding with recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infected animal caretakers, was investigated. Tonsil swabs and paired serum samples were tested. No evidence for infection with SARS-CoV-2 was found. In conclusion, Although in both the experimental and the observational study few samples returned low antibody titer results in PRNT infection with SARS-CoV-2 was not confirmed. It was concluded that sporadic infections in the field cannot be excluded, but large-scale SARS-CoV-2 transmission among pigs is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina S Sikkema
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tijs Tobias
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Oreshkova
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin de Bruin
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nisreen Okba
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felicity Chandler
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Hulst
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Rodon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Manon Houben
- Royal GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Bultman
- Royal GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Meester
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nora M Gerhards
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bart Haagmans
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kluytmans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Arjan Stegeman
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gerber N, Brunner MAT, Jagannathan V, Leeb T, Gerhards NM, Welle MM, Dettwiler M. Transcriptional Differences between Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic Lymphoma and Immune-Mediated Dermatoses. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:160. [PMID: 33504055 PMCID: PMC7912288 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (CETL) and immune-mediated T-cell predominant dermatoses (IMD) share several clinical and histopathological features, but differ substantially in prognosis. The discrimination of ambiguous cases may be challenging, as diagnostic tests are limited and may prove equivocal. This study aimed to investigate transcriptional differences between CETL and IMD, as a basis for further research on discriminating diagnostic biomarkers. We performed 100bp single-end sequencing on RNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded skin biopsies from dogs with CETL and IMD, respectively. DESeq2 was used for principal component analysis (PCA) and differential gene expression analysis. Genes with significantly different expression were analyzed for enriched pathways using two different tools. The expression of selected genes and their proteins was validated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. PCA demonstrated the distinct gene expression profiles of CETL and IMD. In total, 503 genes were upregulated, while 4986 were downregulated in CETL compared to IMD. RT-qPCR confirmed the sequencing results for 5/6 selected genes tested, while the protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry was not entirely consistent. Our study revealed transcriptional differences between canine CETL and IMD, with similarities to human cutaneous lymphoma. Differentially expressed genes are potential discriminatory markers, but require further validation on larger sample collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Gerber
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
- Grosstierpraxis Weibel + Werner, Oberdorfstrasse 15, 3438 Lauperswil, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena A. T. Brunner
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nora M. Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Monika M. Welle
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Martina Dettwiler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (N.G.); (M.A.T.B.); (N.M.G.); (M.M.W.)
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (V.J.); (T.L.)
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7
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Francica P, Mutlu M, Blomen VA, Oliveira C, Nowicka Z, Trenner A, Gerhards NM, Bouwman P, Stickel E, Hekkelman ML, Lingg L, Klebic I, van de Ven M, de Korte-Grimmerink R, Howald D, Jonkers J, Sartori AA, Fendler W, Chapman JR, Brummelkamp T, Rottenberg S. Functional Radiogenetic Profiling Implicates ERCC6L2 in Non-homologous End Joining. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108068. [PMID: 32846126 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using genome-wide radiogenetic profiling, we functionally dissect vulnerabilities of cancer cells to ionizing radiation (IR). We identify ERCC6L2 as a major determinant of IR response, together with classical DNA damage response genes and members of the recently identified shieldin and CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complexes. We show that ERCC6L2 contributes to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and it may exert this function through interactions with SFPQ. In addition to causing radiosensitivity, ERCC6L2 loss restores DNA end resection and partially rescues homologous recombination (HR) in BRCA1-deficient cells. As a consequence, ERCC6L2 deficiency confers resistance to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in tumors deficient for both BRCA1 and p53. Moreover, we show that ERCC6L2 mutations are found in human tumors and correlate with a better overall survival in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT); this finding suggests that ERCC6L2 is a predictive biomarker of RT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Francica
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Merve Mutlu
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Zuzanna Nowicka
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anika Trenner
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora M Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elmer Stickel
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten L Hekkelman
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lea Lingg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ismar Klebic
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renske de Korte-Grimmerink
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Howald
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - J Ross Chapman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Thijn Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Gerhards NM, Blomen VA, Mutlu M, Nieuwenhuis J, Howald D, Guyader C, Jonkers J, Brummelkamp TR, Rottenberg S. Haploid genetic screens identify genetic vulnerabilities to microtubule-targeting agents. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:953-971. [PMID: 29689640 PMCID: PMC5983209 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of biomarkers to accurately predict anticancer therapy response remains a major obstacle in clinical oncology. We applied a genome‐wide loss‐of‐function screening approach in human haploid cells to characterize genetic vulnerabilities to classical microtubule‐targeting agents. Using docetaxel and vinorelbine, two well‐established chemotherapeutic agents, we sought to identify genetic alterations sensitizing human HAP1 cells to these drugs. Despite the fact that both drugs act on microtubules, a set of distinct genes were identified whose disruption affects drug sensitivity. For docetaxel, this included a number of genes with a function in mitosis, while for vinorelbine we identified inactivation of FBXW7,RB1, and NF2, three frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes, as sensitizing factors. We validated these genes using independent knockout clones and confirmed FBXW7 as an important regulator of the mitotic spindle assembly. Upon FBXW7 depletion, vinorelbine treatment led to decreased survival of cells due to defective mitotic progression and subsequent mitotic catastrophe. We show that haploid insertional mutagenesis screens are a useful tool to study genetic vulnerabilities to classical chemotherapeutic drugs by identifying thus far unknown sensitivity factors. These results provide a rationale for investigating patient response to vinca alkaloid‐based anticancer treatment in relation to the mutational status of these three tumor suppressor genes, and could in the future lead to the establishment of novel predictive biomarkers or suggest new drug combinations based on molecular mechanisms of drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merve Mutlu
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joppe Nieuwenhuis
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Howald
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Guyader
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gerhards NM, Sayar BS, Origgi FC, Galichet A, Müller EJ, Welle MM, Wiener DJ. Stem Cell-Associated Marker Expression in Canine Hair Follicles. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:190-204. [PMID: 26739040 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415627679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hair follicle (HF) stem cells (SCs) are crucial to maintain the constant recurring growth of hair. In mice and humans, SC subpopulations with different biomarker expression profiles have been identified in discrete anatomic compartments of the HF. The rare studies investigating canine HF SCs have shown similarities in biomarker expression profiles to that of mouse and human SCs. The aim of our study was to broaden the current repertoire of SC-associated markers and their expression patterns in the dog. We combined analyses on the expression levels of CD34, K15, Sox9, CD200, Nestin, LGR5 and LGR6 in canine skin using RT-qPCR, the corresponding proteins in dog skin lysates, and their expression patterns in canine HFs using immunohistochemistry. Using validated antibodies, we were able to define the location of CD34, Sox9, Keratin15, LGR5 and Nestin in canine HFs and confirm that all tested biomarkers are expressed in canine skin. Our results show similarities between the expression profile of canine, human and mouse HF SC markers. This repertoire of biomarkers will allow us to conduct functional studies and investigate alterations in the canine SC compartment of different diseases, like alopecia or skin cancer with the possibility to extend relevant findings to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW)
| | - Beyza S Sayar
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW),Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, Institute of Animal Pathology and DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (BSS, AG, EJM)
| | - Francesco C Origgi
- Center for Fish and Wildlife Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (FCO)
| | - Arnaud Galichet
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW),Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, Institute of Animal Pathology and DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (BSS, AG, EJM)
| | - Eliane J Müller
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW),Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, Institute of Animal Pathology and DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (BSS, AG, EJM),Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (EJM)
| | - Monika M Welle
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW)
| | - Dominique J Wiener
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW)
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10
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Planells-Cases R, Lutter D, Guyader C, Gerhards NM, Ullrich F, Elger DA, Kucukosmanoglu A, Xu G, Voss FK, Reincke SM, Stauber T, Blomen VA, Vis DJ, Wessels LF, Brummelkamp TR, Borst P, Rottenberg S, Jentsch TJ. Subunit composition of VRAC channels determines substrate specificity and cellular resistance to Pt-based anti-cancer drugs. EMBO J 2015; 34:2993-3008. [PMID: 26530471 PMCID: PMC4687416 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platinum‐based drugs are widely used chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment, the determinants of tumor cell responsiveness remain poorly understood. We show that the loss of subunits LRRC8A and LRRC8D of the heteromeric LRRC8 volume‐regulated anion channels (VRACs) increased resistance to clinically relevant cisplatin/carboplatin concentrations. Under isotonic conditions, about 50% of cisplatin uptake depended on LRRC8A and LRRC8D, but neither on LRRC8C nor on LRRC8E. Cell swelling strongly enhanced LRRC8‐dependent cisplatin uptake, bolstering the notion that cisplatin enters cells through VRAC. LRRC8A disruption also suppressed drug‐induced apoptosis independently from drug uptake, possibly by impairing VRAC‐dependent apoptotic cell volume decrease. Hence, by mediating cisplatin uptake and facilitating apoptosis, VRAC plays a dual role in the cellular drug response. Incorporation of the LRRC8D subunit into VRAC substantially increased its permeability for cisplatin and the cellular osmolyte taurine, indicating that LRRC8 proteins form the channel pore. Our work suggests that LRRC8D‐containing VRACs are crucial for cell volume regulation by an important organic osmolyte and may influence cisplatin/carboplatin responsiveness of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Planells-Cases
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Darius Lutter
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Guyader
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nora M Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ullrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Deborah A Elger
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Asli Kucukosmanoglu
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guotai Xu
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felizia K Voss
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - S Momsen Reincke
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Vis
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Jentsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Gerhards NM, Guyader C, Blomen VA, Küçükosmanoğlu A, van Tellingen O, Vis DJ, Wessels LF, Brummelkamp TR, Borst P, Rottenberg S. Abstract 3607: Loss-of-function screens using haploid KBM7 and HAP1 cells to identify mechanisms of anti-cancer drug resistance. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The lack of biomarkers to predict anti-cancer therapy response remains a major obstacle in the treatment of various cancers. This handicap not only affects novel targeted therapies. Also for classical chemotherapeutic drugs such as DNA cross-linking agents, topoisomerase inhibitors or microtubule-targeting compounds, which are all frequently used in the clinic, we do not understand well why some patients have a major benefit of the therapy whereas others do not. A decreased intracellular drug accumulation has been proposed as one potential mechanism, but the clinical relevance of known uptake and efflux mechanisms is still controversial for various chemotherapeutic drugs. To identify novel factors that may be relevant for the intracellular concentration of drugs, we carried out loss-of-function screens using haploid KBM7 and HAP1 cells. In particular, we used the PARP inhibitor olaparib, the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan, platinum drugs, and the microtubule-targeting compounds docetaxel and vinorelbine to select resistant clones. We will present results from these screens and their validation, including independent cell lines and TCGA data sets.
Citation Format: Nora M. Gerhards, Charlotte Guyader, Vincent A. Blomen, Aslı Küçükosmanoğlu, Olaf van Tellingen, Daniel J. Vis, Lodewyk F. Wessels, Thijn R. Brummelkamp, Piet Borst, Sven Rottenberg. Loss-of-function screens using haploid KBM7 and HAP1 cells to identify mechanisms of anti-cancer drug resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3607. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3607
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J. Vis
- 2Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Piet Borst
- 2Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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