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AlGhibiwi HK, Sarawi WS, Alosaimi ME, Alhusaini AM, Assiri MA, Algarzae NK. The Association between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in 42,726 Adults in UK Biobank: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:358. [PMID: 37754787 PMCID: PMC10532383 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, have long been positively correlated with high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). However, traditional cardiovascular risk factors made a minor contribution to cIMT variance, meaning that other markers may be regarded as independent markers for increasing cIMT. AIMS To investigate the simple demographic patterns of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in the UK Biobank and to identify which upstream cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are independently associated with cIMT. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional-based study of healthy middle-aged people recruited in the UK between 2006 and 2010 (n = 42,726). RESULTS This study showed that the cardiovascular risk profile generally worsened across the cIMT quantiles from lowest to highest. The lowest cIMT quartile was defined as having a mean cIMT < 588 µm, while the highest cIMT quartile was defined as having a mean cIMT > 748 µm. Specifically, the highest cIMT quantile group had a worse CVD risk factors profile compared to the lowest cIMT quantile group. It was found that, for every one SD increase in age and systolic blood pressure, the mean cIMT increased by 0.357 SD and 0.115 SD, respectively. CONCLUSION Systolic blood pressure and age were the strongest independent risk factors for a high cIMT value compared to other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan K. AlGhibiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11149, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.S.); (A.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Wedad S. Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11149, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.S.); (A.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Manal E. Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahlam M. Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11149, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.S.); (A.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11149, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.S.); (A.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Norah K. Algarzae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11149, Saudi Arabia;
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Rice AC, Keeney PM, Algarzae NK, Ladd AC, Thomas RR, Bennett Jr. JP. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Numbers in Pyramidal Neurons are Decreased and Mitochondrial Biogenesis Transcriptome Signaling is Disrupted in Alzheimer's Disease Hippocampi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 40:319-30. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-131715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann C. Rice
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paula M. Keeney
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Norah K. Algarzae
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Amy C. Ladd
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ravindar R. Thomas
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - James P. Bennett Jr.
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Lonskaya I, Shekoyan AR, Hebron ML, Desforges N, Algarzae NK, Moussa CEH. Diminished parkin solubility and co-localization with intraneuronal amyloid-β are associated with autophagic defects in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 33:231-47. [PMID: 22954671 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-121141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in extracellular plaques and formation of intracellular tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau). Autophagic defects, leading to accumulation of autophagosomes, are recognized in AD. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in degradation of proteins via autophagy and the proteasome. We investigated the role of parkin in postmortem brain tissues from 21 AD patients and 15 control subjects. We detected decreased parkin solubility in AD cortex and parkin co-localization with intraneuronal Aβ(1-42) in the hippocampus and cortex of AD patients. Parkin accumulation with intraneuronal Aβ and p-Tau was detected in autophagosomes in AD brains. To determine the role of parkin in Aβ clearance, we generated gene transfer animals expressing lentiviral Aβ(1-42)with and without parkin and examined autophagic mechanisms. Lentiviral expression of Aβ(1-42) led to p-Tau accumulation and induced autophagic defects, leading to accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. However, co-expression of wild type parkin facilitated autophagic clearance and promoted deposition of Aβ(1-42) and p-Tau into the lysosome. Taken together, these data suggest that Aβ(1-42) alters normal autophagy and parkin enhances autophagic clearance. In conclusion, decreased parkin solubility may lead to co-localization with intraneuronal Aβ(1-42) and compromise the cell autophagic clearance ability. Parkin may clear autophagic defects via autophagosome degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lonskaya
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Hebron ML, Lonskaya I, Sharpe K, Weerasinghe PPK, Algarzae NK, Shekoyan AR, Moussa CEH. Parkin ubiquitinates Tar-DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and promotes its cytosolic accumulation via interaction with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:4103-15. [PMID: 23258539 PMCID: PMC3567661 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases, involved in the degradation of misfolded proteins or promotion of protein-protein interaction, is increasingly recognized in neurodegeneration. TDP-43 is a predominantly nuclear protein, which regulates the transcription of thousands of genes and binds to mRNA of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin to regulate its expression. Wild type and mutated TDP-43 are detected in ubiquitinated forms within the cytosol in several neurodegenerative diseases. We elucidated the mechanisms of TDP-43 interaction with Parkin using transgenic A315T mutant TDP-43 (TDP43-Tg) mice, lentiviral wild type TDP-43, and Parkin gene transfer rat models. TDP-43 expression increased Parkin mRNA and protein levels. Lentiviral TDP-43 increased the levels of nuclear and cytosolic protein, whereas Parkin co-expression mediated Lys-48 and Lys-63-linked ubiquitin to TDP-43 and led to cytosolic co-localization of Parkin with ubiquitinated TDP-43. Parkin and TDP-43 formed a multiprotein complex with HDAC6, perhaps to mediate TDP-43 translocation. In conclusion, Parkin ubiquitinates TDP-43 and facilitates its cytosolic accumulation through a multiprotein complex with HDAC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaeline L. Hebron
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20007
| | - Irina Lonskaya
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20007
| | - Kaydee Sharpe
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20007
| | | | - Norah K. Algarzae
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20007
| | - Ashot R. Shekoyan
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20007
| | - Charbel E.-H. Moussa
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20007, To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Dept. of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, TRB, Rm. WP09B, Washington, D. C. 20057. Tel.: 202-687-7328; Fax: 202-687-0617; E-mail:
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Hebron ML, Algarzae NK, Lonskaya I, Moussa C. Fractalkine signaling and Tau hyper-phosphorylation are associated with autophagic alterations in lentiviral Tau and Aβ1-42 gene transfer models. Exp Neurol 2013; 251:127-38. [PMID: 23333589 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tau hyper-phosphorylation (p-Tau) and neuro-inflammation are hallmarks of neurodegeneration. Previous findings suggest that microglial activation via CX3CL1 promotes p-Tau. We examined inflammation and autophagic p-Tau clearance in lentiviral Tau and mutant P301L expressing rats and used lentiviral Aβ1-42 to induce p-Tau. Lentiviral Tau or P301L expression significantly increased caspase-3 activity and TNF-α, but CX3CL1 was significantly higher in animals expressing Tau compared to P301L. Lentiviral Aβ1-42 induced p-Tau 4 weeks post-injection, and increased caspase-3 activation (8-fold) and TNF-α levels. Increased levels of ADAM-10/17 were also detected with p-Tau. IL-6 levels were increased but CX3CL1 did not change in the absence of p-Tau (2 weeks); however, p-Tau reversed these effects, which were associated with increased microglial activity. We observed changes in autophagic markers, including accumulation of autophagic vacuoles (AVs) and p-Tau accumulation in autophagosomes but not lysosomes, suggesting alteration of autophagy. Taken together, microglial activation may promote p-Tau independent of total Tau levels via CX3CL1 signaling, which seems to depend on interaction with inflammatory markers, mainly IL-6. The simultaneous change in autophagy and CX3CL1 signaling suggests communication between microglia and neurons, raising the possibility that accumulation of intraneuronal amyloid, due to lack of autophagic clearance, may lead microglia activation to promote p-Tau as a tag for phagocytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaeline L Hebron
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20007, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20007, USA
| | - Norah K Algarzae
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20007, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20007, USA
| | - Irina Lonskaya
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20007, USA
| | - Charbel Moussa
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20007, USA.
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Lonskaya I, Hebron ML, Algarzae NK, Desforges N, Moussa CEH. Decreased parkin solubility is associated with impairment of autophagy in the nigrostriatum of sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2012; 232:90-105. [PMID: 23262240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disorder that involves death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Parkin is an autosomal recessive gene that is mutated in early onset PD. We investigated the role of parkin and autophagic clearance in postmortem nigrostriatal tissues from 22 non-familial sporadic PD patients and 15 control samples. Parkin was insoluble with altered cytosolic expression in the nigrostriatum of sporadic PD. Parkin insolubility was associated with lack of degradation of ubiquitinated proteins and accumulation of α-Synuclein and parkin in autophagosomes, suggesting autophagic defects in PD. To test parkin's role in mediating autophagic clearance, we used lentiviral gene transfer to express human wild type or mutant parkin (T240R) with α-Synuclein in the rat striatum. Lentiviral expression of α-Synuclein led to accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, while co-expression of parkin with α-Synuclein facilitated autophagic clearance. Subcellular fractionation showed accumulation of α-Synuclein and tau hyper-phosphorylation (p-Tau) in autophagosomes in gene transfer models, similar to the effects observed in PD brains, but parkin expression led to protein deposition into lysosomes. However, parkin loss of function mutation did not affect autophagic clearance. Taken together, these data suggest that functional parkin regulates autophagosome clearance, while decreased parkin solubility may alter normal autophagy in sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lonskaya
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - M L Hebron
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - N K Algarzae
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - N Desforges
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - C E-H Moussa
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Desforges NM, Hebron ML, Algarzae NK, Lonskaya I, Moussa CEH. Fractalkine Mediates Communication between Pathogenic Proteins and Microglia: Implications of Anti-Inflammatory Treatments in Different Stages of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:345472. [PMID: 22919540 PMCID: PMC3420133 DOI: 10.1155/2012/345472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases has been widely demonstrated. Intraneuronal protein accumulation may regulate microglial activity via the fractalkine (CX3CL1) signaling pathway that provides a mechanism through which neurons communicate with microglia. CX3CL1 levels fluctuate in different stages of neurodegenerative diseases and in various animal models, warranting further investigation of the mechanisms underlying microglial response to pathogenic proteins, including Tau, β-amyloid (Aβ), and α-synuclein. The temporal relationship between microglial activity and localization of pathogenic proteins (intra- versus extracellular) likely determines whether neuroinflammation mitigates or exacerbates disease progression. Evidence in transgenic models suggests a beneficial effect of microglial activity on clearance of proteins like Aβ and a detrimental effect on Tau modification, but the role of CX3CL1 signaling in α-synucleinopathies is less clear. Here we review the nature of fractalkine-mediated neuronmicroglia interaction, which has significant implications for the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments during different stages of neurodegenerative pathology. Specifically, it is likely that anti-inflammatory treatment in early stages of disease during intraneuronal accumulation of proteins could be beneficial, while anti-inflammatory treatment in later stages when proteins are secreted to the extracellular space could exacerbate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Desforges
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Michaeline L. Hebron
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Norah K. Algarzae
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Irina Lonskaya
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Charbel E.-H. Moussa
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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