1
|
Kalkayeva D, Maulanov A, Sobiech P, Michalski M, Kuzembekova G, Dzhangabulova A, Nurkhojayev N, Aldayarov N. Epidemiological characteristics and financial losses due to avian aspergillosis in households in the Almaty region, Republic of Kazakhstan. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1141456. [PMID: 37138907 PMCID: PMC10150056 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1141456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a severe fungal disease that affects all species and ages of poultry and leads to significant economic losses within the poultry industry. The economic significance of aspergillosis is associated with direct losses due to poultry mortality, a decline in the production of meat and eggs, feed conversion, and poor growth of recovering poultry. Although a decrease in the production of poultry meat and eggs in Kazakhstan due to this fungal disease has been widely reported, studies on the consequent financial losses on affected farms (households) have not been carried out. This study aimed to estimate the financial losses and epidemiological parameters of avian aspergillosis among households affected by the disease in the Almaty region. To achieve the objectives of the research, a survey was conducted involving affected households from February 2018 to July 2019. The affected poultry were diagnosed based on clinical, macroscopical, and microscopical procedures, and once the infection was confirmed, household owners were interviewed. Data were collected from 183 household owners. The median incidence risk and fatality rates were 39 and 26% in chickens, 42 and 22% in turkeys, and 37 and 33% in geese, respectively, with young poultry having a higher incidence risk and fatality rate than adults. Approximately 92.4% of the household owners treated the affected poultry using natural folk methods and 7.6% of household owners used antifungal drugs and antibiotics, spending a median of US $35.20 (min US $0; max US $400) per household throughout the course of the infection. Egg production was reduced by a median of 58.3% when households were affected. The price of poultry fell by a median of 48.6% immediately after recovery due to weight loss. The median of the overall financial losses of households was US $198.50 (min US $11; max US $1,269). The majority of household owners (65%) did not replace their poultry, 9.8% of household owners replaced all their poultry, and the remaining 25.1% replaced only a proportion of the poultry lost at the time of the study. Newly acquired poultry were purchased from neighbors (10.9%), fellow villagers (50%), and state poultry farms (39.1%). This study demonstrates that aspergillosis has an immediate impact on subsistence household owners' livelihoods in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinara Kalkayeva
- Department of Biological Safety, Veterinary Faculty, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- *Correspondence: Dinara Kalkayeva
| | - Amangeldi Maulanov
- Department of Biological Safety, Veterinary Faculty, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Przemysław Sobiech
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mirosław Michalski
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Gulnur Kuzembekova
- Department of Biological Safety, Veterinary Faculty, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Dzhangabulova
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurzhan Nurkhojayev
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Faculty, Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurbek Aldayarov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Nurbek Aldayarov
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aldayarov N, Tulobaev A, Salykov R, Jumabekova J, Kydyralieva B, Omurzakova N, Kurmanbekova G, Imanberdieva N, Usubaliev B, Borkoev B, Salieva K, Salieva Z, Omurzakov T, Chekirov K. An ethnoveterinary study of wild medicinal plants used by the Kyrgyz farmers. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114842. [PMID: 34798160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In their centuries-old nomadic life, since their livestock was the backbone of their lives, the Kyrgyz people used a variety of wild medicinal plants for ethnoveterinary practices. However, the plants used for the treatment of livestock ailments never have been recorded, except rarely in local publications. In this study, we present the HSHR (homemade single species herbal remedy reports), their methods of preparation and application, and the livestock ailments for which these remedies were used. AIMS The collect data from the five different high-altitude valleys of the Kyrgyz Republic on common HSHR used for the treatment of the livestock ailments and describe their preparation procedure, administration, and target animal species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plant species mentioned for ethnoveterinary use were collected from five different high-altitude valleys (pastures) in the Kyrgyz Republic during 2016 and 2018. Data were gathered with the help of dialog partners (experienced local shepherds, farmers and veterinarians) through semi-structured interviews. In total, 166 dialog partners were interviewed. The special characteristics of HSHR mentioned for ethnoveterinary use and practices were documented. Plant samples and voucher specimens were collected for taxonomic identification, and preserved for future reference. RESULTS A total of 2388 HSHR referred to 66 plant species mentioned for ethnoveterinary use belonging to 27 families and 49 genera. According to the data, species of the family Asteraceae were most frequently used HSHRs in the Kyrgyz ethnoveterinary practice (599 HSHR, 25%), followed by Polygonaceae (166 HSHR, 7%), Lamiaceae (141 HSHR, 6%), Ranunculaceae (121 HSHR, 5%), Nitrariaceae (119 HSHR, 4.9%), Apiaceae (113 HSHR, 4.7%), Cupressaceae (111 HSHR, 4.6%), Urticaceae (100 HSHR, 4.2%), Gentianaceae (92 HSHR, 3.8%), Amaranthaceae (87 HSHR, 3.6%). A total of 2785 UR (use reports) were collected for the 2388 HSHR. Infection diseases (572 UR, 20.5%), parasitic diseases (531 UR, 19%), gastrointestinal disorders (523 UR, 18.77%) and wounds (522 UR, 18.74%) were almost evenly reported indications. The largest number use reports (UR) were for cattle (967 UR, 34.7%) and horses (919 UR, 33%), followed by 607 UR (21.8%) for sheep and 292 UR (10.48%) for other domestic animals, including dogs (106 UR, 3.8%), goats (103 UR, 3.69%) and donkeys (83 UR, 2.98%). CONCLUSION In this study, we identified the folk ethnoveterinary knowledge of the HSHR used by the Kyrgyz farmers in their daily veterinary practice. All the characterized HSHR are of value to the local animal breeders. This knowledge has previously been limited to local shepherds, farmers and vets. Many of these need scientific confirmation using modern methods of phytochemistry and pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurbek Aldayarov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic.
| | - Askarbek Tulobaev
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Ruslan Salykov
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Jarkynai Jumabekova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Bermet Kydyralieva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Nurjamal Omurzakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Gulbubu Kurmanbekova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Nazgul Imanberdieva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Birzhan Usubaliev
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Bakyt Borkoev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Kalipa Salieva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Ziyadat Salieva
- Department of Food Production, Faculty of Technology, Kyrgyz State Technical I. Razzakov University, Bishkek, 720044, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Talaibek Omurzakov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Kyrgyz State I. Arabaev University, Bishkek, 720026, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Kadyrbai Chekirov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyz Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gürelli G, Canbulat S, Aldayarov N. Fecal Ciliate Composition of Domestic Horses (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) Living in Kyrgyzstan. Zootaxa 2015; 4039:145-56. [PMID: 26624471 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4039.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Species composition and distribution of intestinal ciliates were investigated in the feces from 15 domestic horses living in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Twenty-three species belonging to 14 genera were identified. This is the first study on intestinal ciliates in domestic horses living in Kyrgyzstan. The mean number of ciliates was 14.1 ± 6.8 x10(4) cells ml(-1) of feces and the mean number of ciliate species per host was 6.0 ± 3.2. No endemic or new species were detected. Blepharocorys was the major genus as these ciliates were detected in high proportions. In contrast Holophryoides, Allantosoma were only observed at low frequencies. Recorded ciliate species in this investigation had almost the same characteristics as those described in previous studies. There was no important geographic variation in the intestinal ciliate fauna of equids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Gürelli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Kastamonu University, 37150 Kuzeykent/Kastamonu, Turkey;
| | - Savaş Canbulat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150 Kuzeykent/Kastamonu, Turkey; unknown
| | - Nurbek Aldayarov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; unknown
| |
Collapse
|