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Daodu OB, Jokotola PT, Omowon AA, Olorunshola ID, Ahmed OA, Raufu IA, Raji MA, Daodu OC. Cross-species surveillance and risk factors associated with Avian Coronavirus in North-Central and South West Regions of Nigeria. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:28-32. [PMID: 33797520 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.1.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis viral (IBV) (Avian coronavirus) diseases is among the major reproductive diseases affecting the avian production in Africa. There is scanty information on its current status and vaccination compliance among captive wild birds (CWB) and indigenous chickens (LC) in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the exposure and the risk factors associated with IBV in CWB and LC from North-central and South west regions of Nigeria. Sera samples from 218 LC and 43 CWB were examined for IBV IgG using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Also, owners of LC and managers of CWB were interviewed using a pre-tested structured checklist. An overall IBV prevalence of 42.9% (112/261) was obtained. Captive wild birds and indigenous chickens had 11.6% (5/43) and 49.1% (107/218) prevalence respectively with a significant difference (p< 0.0001, OR= 7.3, 95% CI= 2.8-19.3). Also, geo-location indicated significant difference in IBV exposure among birds (p<=0.034). Furthermore, the study showed that there had never been laboratory screening on all acquired wild birds for exposure to infectious agents in the study location while none of these birds (LB/CWB) had history of vaccination. Since IBV is endemic in Nigeria, the use of vaccine for prophylactic measure should be advocated among LC and CWB owners in order to avoid unnecessary losses. Also, the essence of screening for infectious agents in newly acquired wild birds should be considered crucial for health sustenance and public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Daodu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - P T Jokotola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A A Omowon
- Department of Animal Health Technology, School of Animal and Fisheries Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - I D Olorunshola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - O A Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - I A Raufu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - M A Raji
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - O C Daodu
- Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Daodu OB, Shaibu JO, Richards AB, Folaranmi EB, Adegoke S, Ajadi A, Olorunshola ID, Akanbi OB, Afolabi AA, Daodu OC, Aiyedun JO, Oludairo OO, Halleed NI, Audu RA, Oluwayelu DO. Detection and molecular characterization of a first isolate of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:185. [PMID: 33641034 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was recovered from necropsied rabbits that died during an outbreak characterized by epistaxis, incoordination, paralysis, and multi-organ haemorrhages in Ilorin, Nigeria. The haemagglutination test (HA) and RT-PCR assay targeted against a fragment of the RHDV VP60 gene were performed on liver, spleen, and kidney homogenates; faeces; and urine obtained from the rabbits. Amplicons were purified, sequenced, and phylogenetically analysed. The liver homogenates yielded the highest HA titres while RT-PCR of liver, spleen, and kidneys yielded the expected 1252 bp band. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Nigerian RHDV strain (RHDV/NGR/ILN/001) was 98.57%, 97.95%, and 96.70% homologous with RHDV2 (RHDVGI.2) strains from the Netherlands, Germany, and France, respectively. RHDV/NGR/ILN/001 induced tracheal, intestinal, and mediastinal lymph node haemorrhages, pulmonary oedema and congestion, and enlarged, necrotic liver in experimentally inoculated rabbits. The implications of this study, which is the first report of RHDV in Nigeria, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Daodu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - J O Shaibu
- Center for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A B Richards
- Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - E B Folaranmi
- Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - S Adegoke
- Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A Ajadi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - I D Olorunshola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O B Akanbi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A A Afolabi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O C Daodu
- Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J O Aiyedun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O O Oludairo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - N I Halleed
- Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - R A Audu
- Center for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - D O Oluwayelu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Daodu OB, Adebiyi AI, Oluwayelu DO. Serological and molecular surveillance for influenza A virus in dogs and their human contacts in Oyo State, Nigeria. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:1054-1060. [PMID: 33597474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in dogs, a major companion animal of humans, suggests the possibility that they may constitute a new source for transmission of novel influenza viruses to humans. The potential public health risk posed by this possibility of interspecies spread of IAV between dogs and humans necessitated surveillance for the virus in dogs and their human contacts. Sera from 239 asymptomatic pet and hunting dogs in Oyo state, Nigeria were screened for anti-IAV nucleoprotein antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies in the positive sera were detected using influenza virus H3 and H5 subtypespecific antigens. Suspensions prepared from 239 and 39 nasal swabs from dogs and human contacts, respectively were tested for presence of the highly conserved IAV matrix gene by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Only 4 (1.7%) of the 239 sera tested were positive by the ELISA. The HI test confirmed the presence of H3 influenza virus subtype-specific antibodies in one (25.0%) of the 4 ELISA-positive sera with a titre of 1:128 while none was positive for H5 subtype-specific antibodies. All the nasal swabs assayed by RT-PCR were negative for IAV nucleic acid. The detection of IAV antibodies in pet and hunting dogs in this study, although at a low rate, suggests that these dogs could play a crucial role in the zoonotic transmission of influenza viruses especially considering the close interaction between them and their human contacts. Continuous surveillance for IAV among dog populations in Oyo State (and Nigeria) is therefore advocated to facilitate early detection of infection or emergence of novel influenza virus strains that could be potentially harmful to humans and or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Daodu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
| | - A I Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
| | - D O Oluwayelu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Sub Sahara Africa
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