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Rascol E, Pisani C, Dorandeu C, Nyalosaso JL, Charnay C, Daurat M, Da Silva A, Devoisselle JM, Gaillard JC, Armengaud J, Prat O, Maynadier M, Gary-Bobo M, Garcia M, Chopineau J, Guari Y. Biosafety of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018; 3:E22. [PMID: 31105244 PMCID: PMC6352691 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics3030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Careful analysis of any new nanomedicine device or disposal should be undertaken to comprehensively characterize the new product before application, so that any unintended side effect is minimized. Because of the increasing number of nanotechnology-based drugs, we can anticipate that regulatory authorities might adapt the approval process for nanomedicine products due to safety concerns, e.g., request a more rigorous testing of the potential toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). Currently, the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as drug delivery systems is challenged by a lack of data on the toxicological profile of coated or non-coated MSN. In this context, we have carried out an extensive study documenting the influence of different functionalized MSN on the cellular internalization and in vivo behaviour. In this article, a synthesis of these works is reviewed and the perspectives are drawn. The use of magnetic MSN (Fe3O4@MSN) allows an efficient separation of coated NPs from cell cultures with a simple magnet, leading to results regarding corona formation without experimental bias. Our interest is focused on the mechanism of interaction with model membranes, the adsorption of proteins in biological fluids, the quantification of uptake, and the effect of such NPs on the transcriptomic profile of hepatic cells that are known to be readily concerned by NPs' uptake in vivo, especially in the case of an intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Rascol
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects (CBMN) UMR-5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, INP, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France.
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Cédric Pisani
- The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute (BIAM), 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Christophe Dorandeu
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jeff L Nyalosaso
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Clarence Charnay
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Morgane Daurat
- NanoMedSyn, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Afitz Da Silva
- NanoMedSyn, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Devoisselle
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Odette Prat
- The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute (BIAM), 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Marie Maynadier
- NanoMedSyn, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Magali Gary-Bobo
- Max Mousseron Biomolecule Institute of Montpellier (IBMM), 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Marcel Garcia
- NanoMedSyn, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Joël Chopineau
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Yannick Guari
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
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Pisani C, Rascol E, Dorandeu C, Charnay C, Guari Y, Chopineau J, Devoisselle JM, Prat O. Biocompatibility assessment of functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles in human HepaRG cells. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:871-890. [PMID: 28937306 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1378749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (M-MSNs) are a promising class of nanoparticles for drug delivery. However, a deep understanding of the toxicological mechanisms of action of these nanocarriers is essential, especially in the liver. The potential toxicity on HepaRG cells of pristine, pegylated (PEG), and lipid (DMPC) M-MSNs were compared. Based on MTT assay and real-time cell impedance, none of these NPs presented an extensive toxicity on hepatic cells. However, we observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that the DMPC and pristine M-MSNs were greatly internalized. In comparison, PEG M-MSNs showed a slower cellular uptake. Whole gene expression profiling revealed the M-MSNs molecular modes of action in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The lowest dose tested (1.6 µg/cm2) induced no molecular effect and was defined as 'No Observed Transcriptional Effect level.' The dose 16 µg/cm2 revealed nascent but transient effects. At the highest dose (80 µg/cm2), adverse effects have clearly arisen and increased over time. The limit of biocompatibility for HepaRG cells could be set at 16 µg/cm2 for these NPs. Thanks to a comparative pathway-driven analysis, we highlighted the sequence of events that leads to the disruption of hepatobiliary system, elicited by the three types of M-MSNs, at the highest dose. The Adverse Outcome Pathway of hepatic cholestasis was implicated. Toxicogenomics applied to cell cultures is an effective tool to characterize and compare the modes of action of many substances. We propose this strategy as an asset for upstream selection of the safest nanocarriers in the framework of regulation for nanobiosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Pisani
- a MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , Montpellier , France.,b Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale-BIAM , CEA , Bagnols-sur-Cèze , France
| | - Estelle Rascol
- a MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Christophe Dorandeu
- a MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Clarence Charnay
- c IMNO, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Yannick Guari
- c IMNO, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Joël Chopineau
- a MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Jean-Marie Devoisselle
- a MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Odette Prat
- b Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale-BIAM , CEA , Bagnols-sur-Cèze , France
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Pisani C, Rascol E, Dorandeu C, Gaillard JC, Charnay C, Guari Y, Chopineau J, Armengaud J, Devoisselle JM, Prat O. The species origin of the serum in the culture medium influences the in vitro toxicity of silica nanoparticles to HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182906. [PMID: 28796831 PMCID: PMC5552166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of a protein corona around nanoparticles can influence their toxicity, triggering cellular responses that may be totally different from those elicited by pristine nanoparticles. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the species origin of the serum proteins forming the corona influences the in vitro toxicity assessment of silica nanoparticles. Coronas were preformed around nanoparticles before cell exposures by incubation in fetal bovine (FBS) or human (HS) serum. The compositions of these protein coronas were assessed by nano-LC MS/MS. The effects of these protein-coated nanoparticles on HepG2 cells were monitored using real-time cell impedance technology. The nanoparticle coronas formed in human or fetal bovine serum comprised many homologous proteins. Using human compared with fetal bovine serum, nanoparticle toxicity in HepG2 cells decreased by 4-fold and 1.5-fold, when used at 50 and 10μg/mL, respectively. It is likely that "markers of self" are present in the serum and are recognized by human cell receptors. Preforming a corona with human serum seems to be more appropriate for in vitro toxicity testing of potential nanocarriers using human cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assays must reflect in vivo conditions as closely as possible to provide solid and useful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Pisani
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
- CEA, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale—BIAM, Site de Marcoule, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Estelle Rascol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Dorandeu
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- CEA, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale—IBITECS, Site de Marcoule, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Clarence Charnay
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, IMNO, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Guari
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, IMNO, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Chopineau
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
- Université de Nîmes Rue Georges Salan, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- CEA, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale—IBITECS, Site de Marcoule, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Marie Devoisselle
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Odette Prat
- CEA, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale—BIAM, Site de Marcoule, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Pisani C, Gaillard JC, Dorandeu C, Charnay C, Guari Y, Chopineau J, Devoisselle JM, Armengaud J, Prat O. Experimental separation steps influence the protein content of corona around mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2017; 9:5769-5772. [PMID: 28429028 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to direct nanocarriers to their targets efficiently, we have to understand the interactions occurring at the nano-bio interface between nanocarriers and human proteins, which forms the layer called the corona. However, experiments aiming to identify and quantify the proteins in the corona, especially critical steps in the separation of nanoparticles from biological media may affect the corona composition. Here, we used nano-LC MS/MS to compare the protein corona contents obtained after using two different separation methods. We showed that applying centrifugation versus magnetization to isolate nanoparticles surrounded by a corona resulted in protein loss and a reshuffling of their respective abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pisani
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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Laurent L, Desqueyroux H, Dunier M, Eilstein D, Enriquez B, Fillet AM, Fleury L, Héry M, Hoummady M, de Jouvenel F, Ménager MT, Ormsby JN, Prat O, Rambourg MO, Schoonejans E, Wendling C. Risque, prospective et développement durable. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pisani C, Gaillard JC, Odorico M, Nyalosaso JL, Charnay C, Guari Y, Chopineau J, Devoisselle JM, Armengaud J, Prat O. The timeline of corona formation around silica nanocarriers highlights the role of the protein interactome. Nanoscale 2017; 9:1840-1851. [PMID: 27858044 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04765c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (M-MSNs) represent promising targeting tools for theranostics. Engineering the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with biological systems requires an understanding of protein corona formation around the nanoparticles as this drives the biological fate of nanocarriers. We investigated the behavior of proteins in contact with M-MSNs by high-throughput comparative proteomics, using human and bovine sera as biological fluids, in order to assess the adsorption dynamics of proteins in these media. Using system biology tools, and especially protein-protein interaction databases, we demonstrated how the protein network builds up within the corona over the course of the experiment. Based on these results, we introduce and discuss the role of the "corona interactome" as an important factor influencing protein corona evolution. The concept of the "corona interactome" is an original methodology which could be generalized to all NP candidates. Based on this, pre-coating nanocarriers with specific proteins presenting minimal interactions with opsonins might provide them with properties such as stealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Pisani
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France and CEA, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale-BIAM, Site de Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- CEA, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale-IBITECS, Site de Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Michaël Odorico
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, UMR 5257 CEA-CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Site de Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jeff L Nyalosaso
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, IMNO, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Clarence Charnay
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, IMNO, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Guari
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, IMNO, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Chopineau
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France and Université de Nîmes Rue Georges Salan, F-30000 Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Devoisselle
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- CEA, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale-IBITECS, Site de Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Odette Prat
- CEA, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale-BIAM, Site de Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
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Pisani C, Gaillard J, Odorico M, Nyalosaso J, Charnay C, Guari Y, Chopineau J, Devoisselle J, Armengaud J, Prat O. Corona interactome: A key for deciphering protein adsorption kinetics on silica nanocarriers surface. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Prat O, Pisani C, Voisin S, Arafah K, Durand P, Perrard M, Guichaoua M, Bulet P. Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity elicited by a mixture of pesticides in an ex vivo model of spermatogenesis. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nyalosaso JL, Rascol E, Pisani C, Dorandeu C, Dumail X, Maynadier M, Gary-Bobo M, Kee Him JL, Bron P, Garcia M, Devoisselle JM, Prat O, Guari Y, Charnay C, Chopineau J. Synthesis, decoration, and cellular effects of magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of magnetic core@shell nanoparticles with different coatings and the study of their uptake by cells.
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Ansoborlo E, Lebaron-Jacobs L, Prat O. Uranium in drinking-water: a unique case of guideline value increases and discrepancies between chemical and radiochemical guidelines. Environ Int 2015; 77:1-4. [PMID: 25594811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uranium represents a unique case for an element naturally present in the environment, as its chemical guideline value in drinking water significantly increased from 2 μg/L in 1998 up to 15 μg/L in 2004 and then to 30 μg/L in 2011, to date corresponding to a multiplication factor of 15 within a period of just 13 years. OBJECTIVES In this commentary we summarize the evolution of uranium guideline values in drinking-water based on both radiological and chemical aspects, emphasizing the benefit of human studies and their contribution to recent recommendations. We also propose a simpler and better consistency between radiological and chemical values. DISCUSSION The current chemical guideline value of 30 μg/L is still designated as provisional because of scientific uncertainties regarding uranium toxicity. During the same period, the radiological guideline for (238)U increased from 4 Bq/L to 10 Bq/L while that for (234)U decreased from 4 Bq/L to 1 Bq/L. These discrepancies are discussed here, and a value of 1 Bq/L for all uranium isotopes is proposed to be more consistent with the current chemical value of 30 μg/L. CONCLUSION Continuous progress in the domains of toxicology and speciation should enable a better interpretation of the biological effects of uranium in correlation with epidemiological human studies. This will certainly aid future proposals for uranium guideline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ansoborlo
- CEA/DEN/DRCP/CETAMA, Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | | | - Odette Prat
- CEA/DSV/IBEB/SBTN, Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Ali S, Steinmetz G, Montillet G, Perrard MH, Loundou A, Durand P, Guichaoua MR, Prat O. Exposure to low-dose bisphenol A impairs meiosis in the rat seminiferous tubule culture model: a physiotoxicogenomic approach. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106245. [PMID: 25181051 PMCID: PMC4152015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widespread chemicals in the world and is suspected of being responsible for male reproductive impairments. Nevertheless, its molecular mode of action on spermatogenesis is unclear. This work combines physiology and toxicogenomics to identify mechanisms by which BPA affects the timing of meiosis and induces germ-cell abnormalities. METHODS We used a rat seminiferous tubule culture model mimicking the in vivo adult rat situation. BPA (1 nM and 10 nM) was added to the culture medium. Transcriptomic and meiotic studies were performed on the same cultures at the same exposure times (days 8, 14, and 21). Transcriptomics was performed using pangenomic rat microarrays. Immunocytochemistry was conducted with an anti-SCP3 antibody. RESULTS The gene expression analysis showed that the total number of differentially expressed transcripts was time but not dose dependent. We focused on 120 genes directly involved in the first meiotic prophase, sustaining immunocytochemistry. Sixty-two genes were directly involved in pairing and recombination, some of them with high fold changes. Immunocytochemistry indicated alteration of meiotic progression in the presence of BPA, with increased leptotene and decreased diplotene spermatocyte percentages and partial meiotic arrest at the pachytene checkpoint. Morphological abnormalities were observed at all stages of the meiotic prophase. The prevalent abnormalities were total asynapsis and apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis sustained immunocytological observations. CONCLUSION We showed that low doses of BPA alter numerous genes expression, especially those involved in the reproductive system, and severely impair crucial events of the meiotic prophase leading to partial arrest of meiosis in rat seminiferous tubule cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazan Ali
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7263/ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 237, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Gérard Steinmetz
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Life Science division, French Alternative Energy and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Marcoule, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Guillaume Montillet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5242/ Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Perrard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5242/ Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), Lyon, France
| | - Anderson Loundou
- Unité d'Aide Méthodologique à la Recherche clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Durand
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5242/ Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Roberte Guichaoua
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7263/ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 237, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Odette Prat
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Life Science division, French Alternative Energy and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Marcoule, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Fisichella M, Berenguer F, Steinmetz G, Auffan M, Rose J, Prat O. Toxicity evaluation of manufactured CeO2 nanoparticles before and after alteration: combined physicochemical and whole-genome expression analysis in Caco-2 cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:700. [PMID: 25145350 PMCID: PMC4150968 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engineered nanomaterials may release nanosized residues, by degradation, throughout their life cycle. These residues may be a threat for living organisms. They may be ingested by humans through food and water. Although the toxicity of pristine CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) has been documented, there is a lack of studies on manufactured nanoparticles, which are often surface modified. Here, we investigated the potential adverse effects of CeO2 Nanobyk 3810™ NPs, used in wood care, and their residues, altered by light or acid. Results Human intestinal Caco-2 cells were exposed to residues degraded by daylight or in a medium simulating gastric acidity. Size and zeta potential were determined by dynamic light scattering. The surface structure and redox state of cerium were analyzed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Viability tests were performed in Caco-2 cells exposed to NPs. Cell morphology was imaged with scanning electronic microscopy. Gene expression profiles obtained from cells exposed to NPs before and after their alteration were compared, to highlight differences in cellular functions. No change in the cerium redox state was observed for altered NPs. All CeO2 NPs suspended in the culture medium became microsized. Cytotoxicity tests showed no toxicity after Caco-2 cell exposure to these various NPs up to 170 μg/mL (24 h and 72 h). Nevertheless, a more-sensitive whole-gene-expression study, based on a pathway-driven analysis, highlighted a modification of metabolic activity, especially mitochondrial function, by altered Nanobyk 3810™. The down-regulation of key genes of this pathway was validated by qRT-PCR. Conversely, Nanobyk 3810™ coated with ammonium citrate did not display any adverse effect at the same concentration. Conclusion The degraded nanoparticles were more toxic than their coated counterparts. Desorption of the outside layer was the most likely cause of this discrepancy in toxicity. It can be assumed that the safe design of engineered nanoparticles could include robust protective layers conferring on them greater resistance to alteration during their life cycle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-700) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Odette Prat
- CEA, IBEB, SBTN, Laboratoire d'Etude des Protéines Cibles, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
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Fisichella M, Bérenguer F, Steinmetz G, Auffan M, Rose J, Prat O. Reply to comment on Fisichella et al. (2012), "Intestinal toxicity evaluation of TiO2 degraded surface-treated nanoparticles: a combined physico-chemical and toxicogenomics approach in Caco-2 cells" by Faust et al. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:39. [PMID: 23116233 PMCID: PMC3577456 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this response, we discuss the major differences that clearly distinguish our results from those mentioned by Faust et al. In particular, the experiments have been conducted on nanoparticles of different nature, what mainly explains the observed discrepancies.
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Fisichella M, Berenguer F, Steinmetz G, Auffan M, Rose J, Prat O. Intestinal toxicity evaluation of TiO2 degraded surface-treated nanoparticles: a combined physico-chemical and toxicogenomics approach in caco-2 cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:18. [PMID: 22650444 PMCID: PMC3583216 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used due to
their specific properties, like UV filters in sunscreen. In that particular case
TiO2 NPs are surface modified to avoid photocatalytic effects. These
surface-treated nanoparticles (STNPs) spread in the environment and might release
NPs as degradation residues. Indeed, degradation by the environment (exposure to
UV, water and air contact …) will occur and could profoundly alter the
physicochemical properties of STNPs such as chemistry, size, shape, surface
structure and dispersion that are important parameters for toxicity. Although the
toxicity of surface unmodified TiO2 NPs has been documented, nothing
was done about degraded TiO2 STNPs which are the most likely to be
encountered in environment. The superoxide production by aged STNPs suspensions
was tested and compared to surface unmodified TiO2 NPs. We investigated
the possible toxicity of commercialized STNPs, degraded by environmental
conditions, on human intestinal epithelial cells. STNPs sizes and shape were
characterized and viability tests were performed on Caco-2 cells exposed to STNPs.
The exposed cells were imaged with SEM and STNPs internalization was researched by
TEM. Gene expression microarray analyses were performed to look for potential
changes in cellular functions. Results The production of reactive oxygen species was detected with surface unmodified
TiO2 NPs but not with STNPs or their residues. Through three
different toxicity assays, the STNPs tested, which have a strong tendency to
aggregate in complex media, showed no toxic effect in Caco-2 cells after exposures
to STNPs up to 100 μg/mL over 4 h, 24 h and 72 h. The
cell morphology remained intact, attested by SEM, and internalization of STNPs was
not seen by TEM. Moreover gene expression analysis using pangenomic
oligomicroarrays (4x 44000 genes) did not show any change versus unexposed cells
after exposure to 10 μg/ mL, which is much higher than potential
environmental concentrations. Conclusions TiO2 STNPs, degraded or not, are not harmful to Caco-2 cells and are
unlikely to penetrate the body via oral route. It is likely that the strong
persistence of the aluminium hydroxide layer surrounding these nanoparticles
protects the cells from a direct contact with the potentially phototoxic
TiO2 core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Fisichella
- Commissariat de l'Energie Atomique, IBEB, SBTN, LEPC, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Prat O, Ansoborlo E, Sage N, Cavadore D, Lecoix J, Kurttio P, Quemeneur E. From cell to man: evaluation of a possible biomarker of uranium exposure. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Prat O, Ansoborlo E, Sage N, Cavadore D, Lecoix J, Kurttio P, Quemeneur E. From cell to man: evaluation of osteopontin as a possible biomarker of uranium exposure. Environ Int 2011; 37:657-662. [PMID: 21324525 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ore workers are conventionally monitored for exposure by measuring the uranium in their urine, but specific biomarkers of kidney damage still remain to be discovered. A recent toxicogenomics study allowed us to focus on osteopontin (OSTP) normally excreted in human urine and linked to mineral metabolism. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between osteopontin and uranium exposure both in vitro, in a human kidney cell model, and in the urine of exposed individuals. METHODS OSTP was measured in supernatants of uranium-exposed HK2 cells to establish a dose-response curve and a time course experiment. Its role was studied through a gene extinction experiment. Uranium and OSTP were then monitored in the urine of exposed nuclear fuel industry workers and a chronically exposed population. These levels were compared with those found in a non-exposed population. RESULTS The study of HK2 cells indicated that OSTP secretion decreased after uranium exposure in a concentration and time dependent manner, but its suppression does not affect cell sensitivity to uranium. In spite of wide inter-individual variability, this parameter decreases also in human urine when urinary uranium exceeds 30 μg/L after an acute exposure, a value considered to be critical for kidney damage. CONCLUSION This study reports how toxicogenomics can highlight putative toxicity biomarkers in an easy to access biological fluid. The decrease of urinary osteopontin in response to uranium exposure suggests kidney damage and would thus be complementary to current markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Prat
- CEA, IBEB, SBTN, LEPC, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
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Fisichella M, Prat O. Toxicity of degraded titanium and cerium oxides nanoparticles towards an intestinal cell model. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Prat O, Bérenguer F, Steinmetz G, Ruat S, Sage N, Quéméneur E. Alterations in gene expression in cultured human cells after acute exposure to uranium salt: Involvement of a mineralization regulator. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:160-8. [PMID: 19654044 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The risk of exposure of workers or populations to materials, such as uranium, of nuclear fuel process origins is a major concern worldwide. Our goal is to improve the knowledge of mechanisms ruling its chemical toxicity, and to search for proteins as potential indicator of effect. Such a marker of internal damage remains to be discovered in the case of uranium. This study, based on DNA microarrays, reports a comparative gene expression analysis following acute uranium exposure of several human cell lines taken from kidneys or lungs as representative targets. Among uranium altered genes, no common gene was found between cells originating from lungs and kidney. In contrast, a set of 24 altered genes was common to two kidney cell lines. Transcriptional levels of a subset of renal genes were assessed with qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we highlighted a gene (SPP1) coding for a secreted protein (osteopontin) linked to ectopic mineralization. Immunoblotting assays showed that uranyl ions affect the excretion of osteopontin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We consider that osteopontin, described as associated with bone resorbtion and kidney mineral stones, is a worthwhile candidate to be tested in vivo as a potential indicator of uranyl mineralization effects.
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Dedieu A, Bérenguer F, Basset C, Prat O, Quéméneur E, Pible O, Vidaud C. Identification of uranyl binding proteins from human kidney-2 cell extracts by immobilized uranyl affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5365-76. [PMID: 19501829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To improve our knowledge on protein targets of uranyl ion (UO(2)(2+)), we set up a proteomic strategy based on immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC). The successful enrichment of UO(2)(2+)-interacting proteins from human kidney-2 (HK-2) soluble cell extracts was obtained using an ion-exchange chromatography followed by a dedicated IMAC process previously described and designed for the uranyl ion. By mass spectrometry analysis we identified 64 proteins displaying varied functions. The use of a computational screening algorithm along with the particular ligand-based properties of the UO(2)(2+) ion allowed the analysis and categorization of the protein collection. This profitable approach demonstrated that most of these proteins fulfill criteria which could rationalize their binding to the UO(2)(2+)-loaded phase. The obtained results enable us to focus on some targets for more in-depth studies and open new insights on its toxicity mechanisms at molecular level.
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Prat O, Vercouter T, Ansoborlo E, Fichet P, Perret P, Kurttio P, Salonen L. Uranium speciation in drinking water from drilled wells in southern Finland and its potential links to health effects. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:3941-3946. [PMID: 19544911 DOI: 10.1021/es803658e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exceptionally high concentrations of natural uranium have been found in drinking water originating from drilled wells in Southern Finland. However, no clear clinical symptoms have been observed among the exposed population. Hence a question arose as to whether uranium speciation could be one reason for the lack of significant adverse health effects. Uranium species were determined using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. We performed multi-element chemical analyses in these water samples, and predictive calculations were carried out using up-to-date thermodynamic data. The results indicated good agreement between measurements and modeling. The low toxicity of Finnish bedrockwater may be due to the predominance of two calcium-dependent species, Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) and CaUO2(CO3)3(2-), whose nontoxicity for cells has been described previously. This interdisciplinary study describes chemical speciation of drinking water with elevated uranium concentrations and the potential consequence on health. From these results, it appears that modeling could be used for a better understanding of uranium toxicity of drinking water in the event of contamination.
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Malard V, Berenguer F, Prat O, Ruat S, Steinmetz G, Quemeneur E. Global gene expression profiling in human lung cells exposed to cobalt. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:147. [PMID: 17553155 PMCID: PMC1904204 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been estimated that more than 1 million workers in the United States are exposed to cobalt. Occupational exposure to 59 Co occurs mainly via inhalation and leads to various lung diseases. Cobalt is classified by the IARC as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B). Although there is evidence for in vivo and in vitro toxicity, the mechanisms of cobalt-induced lung toxicity are not fully known. The purpose of this work was to identify potential signatures of acute cobalt exposure using a toxicogenomic approach. Data analysis focused on some cellular processes and protein targets that are thought to be relevant for carcinogenesis, transport and biomarker research. RESULTS A time course transcriptome analysis was performed on A549 human pulmonary cells, leading to the identification of 85 genes which are repressed or induced in response to soluble 59 Co. A group of 29 of these genes, representing the main biological functions, was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression profiles of six of them were then tested by quantitative RT-PCR in a time-dependent manner and three modulations were confirmed by Western blotting. The 85 modulated genes include potential cobalt carriers (FBXL2, ZNT1, SLC12A5), tumor suppressors or transcription factors (MAZ, DLG1, MYC, AXL) and genes linked to the stress response (UBC, HSPCB, BNIP3L). We also identified nine genes coding for secreted proteins as candidates for biomarker research. Of those, TIMP2 was found to be down-regulated and this modulation was confirmed, in a dose-dependent manner, at protein level in the supernatant of exposed cells. CONCLUSION Most of these genes have never been described as related to cobalt stress and provide original hypotheses for further study of the effects of this metal ion on human lung epithelial cells. A putative biomarker of cobalt toxicity was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Malard
- Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, DSV/iBEB, CEA VALRHO, B.P. 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Frederic Berenguer
- Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, DSV/iBEB, CEA VALRHO, B.P. 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Odette Prat
- Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, DSV/iBEB, CEA VALRHO, B.P. 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Sylvie Ruat
- Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, DSV/iBEB, CEA VALRHO, B.P. 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Gerard Steinmetz
- Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, DSV/iBEB, CEA VALRHO, B.P. 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Eric Quemeneur
- Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, DSV/iBEB, CEA VALRHO, B.P. 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Ansoborlo E, Prat O, Moisy P, Den Auwer C, Guilbaud P, Carriere M, Gouget B, Duffield J, Doizi D, Vercouter T, Moulin C, Moulin V. Actinide speciation in relation to biological processes. Biochimie 2006; 88:1605-18. [PMID: 16996675 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In case of accidental release of radionuclides into the environment, actinides represent a severe health risk to human beings following internal contamination (inhalation, ingestion or wound). For a better understanding of the actinide behaviour in man (in term of metabolism, retention, excretion) and in specific biological systems (organs, cells or biochemical pathways), it is of prime importance to have a good knowledge of the relevant actinide solution chemistry and biochemistry, in particular of the thermodynamic constants needed for computing actinide speciation. To a large extent, speciation governs bioavailability and toxicity of elements and has a significant impact on the mechanisms by which toxics accumulate in cell compartments and organs and by which elements are transferred and transported from cell to cell. From another viewpoint, speciation is the prerequisite for the design and success of potential decorporation therapies. The purpose of this review is to present the state of the art of actinide knowledge within biological media. It is also to discuss how actinide speciation can be determined or predicted and to highlight the areas where information is lacking with the aim to encourage new research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ansoborlo
- CEA/DEN/DRCP/CETAMA, VRH-Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
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Abstract
The industrial use of uranium and particularly of depleted uranium, has pinpointed the need to review its chemical impact on human health. A proteomic approach was used to evaluate the response of a human lung cell line (A549) to uranium. We established the first 2-D reference map of the A549 cell line, identifying 87 spots corresponding to 81 major proteins. Uranium treatment triggered differential expression of 18 spots, of which 14 corresponded to fragments of cytokeratin 8 (CK8) and cytokeratin (CK18) and 1 to peroxiredoxin 1. We probed several hypotheses regarding CK cleavage, and observed that it did not result from caspase or calpain activity. Furthermore, we showed that the fragments are recognised by an anti-ubiquitin antibody (KM691). These results suggest a regulatory pathway involving CK ubiquitinylation or dysfunction in the proteasome-ubiquitin system in response to uranium exposure in human lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Malard
- Service de Biochimie post-génomique et Toxicologie Nucléaire, DSV/DIEP, CEA VALRHO, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
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Prat O, Berenguer F, Malard V, Tavan E, Sage N, Steinmetz G, Quemeneur E. Transcriptomic and proteomic responses of human renal HEK293 cells to uranium toxicity. Proteomics 2005; 5:297-306. [PMID: 15672453 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200400896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The industrial use of uranium, in particular depleted uranium, has pin-pointed the need to review its chemical impact on human health. Global methodologies, applied to the field of toxicology, have demonstrated their applicability to investigation of fine molecular mechanisms. This report illustrate the power of toxicogenomics to evaluate the involvement of certain genes or proteins in response to uranium. We particularly show that 25% of modulated genes concern signal transduction and trafficking, that the calcium pathway is heavily disturbed and that nephroblastomas-related genes are involved (WIT-1, STMN1, and STMN2). A set of 18 genes was deregulated whatever the concentration of toxicant, which could constitute a signature of uranium exposure. Moreover, a group of downregulated genes, with corresponding disappearing proteins (HSP90, 14-3-3 protein, HMGB1) in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), are good candidates for use as biomarkers of uranium effects. These results reveal a cross-checking between transcriptomic and proteomic technologies. Moreover, our temporal gene expression profiles suggest the existence of a concentration threshold between adaptive response and severe cell deregulation. Our results confirm the involvement of genes already described and also provide new highlights on cellular response to uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Prat
- Service de Biochimie post-génomique et Toxicologie Nucléaire, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
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Marcus EL, Prat O. Urinary bladder rupture in an elderly patient: case report. Can Fam Physician 1995; 41:1945-7. [PMID: 8563511 PMCID: PMC2146723 DOI: pmid/8563511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Urinary bladder rupture should be suspected in elderly patients with an acute abdomen. Because symptoms are often atypical among elderly patients, this condition is often undetected. Early diagnosis and treatment could help reduce the mortality rate associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Marcus
- Department of Geriatrics, Sarah Herzog Memorial Hospital, Jerusalem
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Schimmel MS, Prat O. Perinatal acute scrotum: controversies in the management of torsion of the testis. Am J Dis Child 1993; 147:933-4. [PMID: 8362803 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1993.02160330023008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
We report here a new detection method for DNA hybrids on dot blots. The process utilizes DNA or oligonucleotide probes labeled with biotin, followed by recognition with a conjugate of streptavidin and europium cryptate, a time-resolved fluorescent label. Unlike the other lanthanide chelates, this label is an organic molecule embedding a europium ion into an intramolecular cavity. This structure has a better stability in diluted assay media, a good sensitivity even on solid support, and an elevated fluorescence lifetime which allows elimination of most of the background generated by other species present in the assay medium. This procedure is quantitative and detects down to 2 amol of a model DNA, which is similar to other nonisotopic (especially colorimetric) methods. The main advantages of this method are easy automation, quantitation, and rapidity of measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Prat
- CIS Biointernational, Laboratoire des Produits pour Analyses Médicales, Bagnols Sur Ceze, France
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Moriel E, Krausz M, Prat O, Zilberman M, Farkas A. Active antireflux mechanism induced by micturition. Experimental study in awake sheep. Eur Urol 1989; 16:226-8. [PMID: 2744059 DOI: 10.1159/000471575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The influence of increased bladder pressure on ureteral peristalsis is described in the literature. All experiments were done on anesthetized animals and vesical contractions were electrically induced. We present an experiment on awake sheep. The animals voided spontaneously while a recording of the peristaltic pressure of the lower ureter was recorded. A rise in the peristaltic pressure in both ureters was observed during micturition. We suggest that the rise in ureteral pressure participates in the antireflux mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moriel
- Department of Urology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Prat O, Schurr D, Pomeranz A, Farkas A, Drukker A. Renal candidiasis in infancy--a case with fungus ball obstruction. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 1984; 5:223-6. [PMID: 6530339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A sixteen day old infant developed candiduria after surgery on a single functioning, hydronephrotic kidney with ureteropelvic junction stenosis. Masses of candida albicans caused obstruction of the ureter with acute anuria. Endoscopic relief of the obstruction together with aggressive antifungal therapy led to irradication of the fungal infection. This case history emphasizes the fact that candida infection in early childhood should be evaluated carefully. Unfortunately no guidelines are yet available for the indications and the preferred mode of treatment, and length of therapy of infantile renal candidiasis.
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Abstract
We report a case of rapid spread of a stable ureteral tumor following retrograde brush biopsy. This unusual complication should be considered when planning the management of patients with suspected ureteral carcinoma.
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