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Zhyvolozhnyi A, Samoylenko A, Bart G, Kaisanlahti A, Hekkala J, Makieieva O, Pratiwi F, Miinalainen I, Kaakinen M, Bergman U, Singh P, Nurmi T, Khosrowbadi E, Abdelrady E, Kellokumpu S, Kosamo S, Reunanen J, Röning J, Hiltunen J, Vainio SJ. Enrichment of sweat-derived extracellular vesicles of human and bacterial origin for biomarker identification. Nanotheranostics 2024; 8:48-63. [PMID: 38164498 PMCID: PMC10750121 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.87822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweat contains biomarkers for real-time non-invasive health monitoring, but only a few relevant analytes are currently used in clinical practice. In the present study, we investigated whether sweat-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be used as a source of potential protein biomarkers of human and bacterial origin. Methods: By using ExoView platform, electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting we characterized EVs in the sweat of eight volunteers performing rigorous exercise. We compared the presence of EV markers as well as general protein composition of total sweat, EV-enriched sweat and sweat samples collected in alginate skin patches. Results: We identified 1209 unique human proteins in EV-enriched sweat, of which approximately 20% were present in every individual sample investigated. Sweat derived EVs shared 846 human proteins (70%) with total sweat, while 368 proteins (30%) were captured by medical grade alginate skin patch and such EVs contained the typical exosome marker CD63. The majority of identified proteins are known to be carried by EVs found in other biofluids, mostly urine. Besides human proteins, EV-enriched sweat samples contained 1594 proteins of bacterial origin. Bacterial protein profiles in EV-enriched sweat were characterized by high interindividual variability, that reflected differences in total sweat composition. Alginate-based sweat patch accumulated only 5% proteins of bacterial origin. Conclusion: We showed that sweat-derived EVs provide a rich source of potential biomarkers of human and bacterial origin. Use of commercially available alginate skin patches selectively enrich for human derived material with very little microbial material collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Zhyvolozhnyi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anatoliy Samoylenko
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Geneviève Bart
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Kaisanlahti
- Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jenni Hekkala
- Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Olha Makieieva
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Feby Pratiwi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka Miinalainen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kaakinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergman
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Prateek Singh
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomas Nurmi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elham Khosrowbadi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eslam Abdelrady
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Susanna Kosamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Röning
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Seppo J. Vainio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Ahmad N, Samoylenko A, Abene I, Abdelrady E, Zhyvolozhnyi A, Makieieva O, Bart G, Skovorodkin I, Vainio SJ. Generation of novel in vitro flexible kidney organoid model to investigate the role of extracellular vesicles in induction of nephrogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:358. [PMID: 38110951 PMCID: PMC10726558 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During kidney organogenesis, metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and ureteric bud (UB) interact reciprocally to form nephrons. Signaling stimuli involved in these interactions include Wnts, growth factors and nano/micro particles. How UB and MM are interacting is not completely understood. Our study investigated the signaling and communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) during nephrogenesis. Embryonic day (E) 11.5 mouse kidney UB and MM produce very low number of primary cells that have limited ability for proliferation in culture. Such limitations obstruct studying the role of EVs in induction of nephrogenesis. These issues necessitate to generate a nephrogenesis model allowing to study the comprehensive role of EVs during nephrogenesis. RESULTS Our study generated a UB derived cell line-based in vitro flexible model of nephrogenesis allowing expandable cell culturing, in addition to performing characterization, tracking and blocking of EVs. UB cell line aggregation with E11.5 MM cells induced the formation of segmented nephrons. Most efficient nephrogenesis was obtained by the co-culturing of 30,000 cells of UB cell line with 50,000 MM cells. Results revealed that both the UB and the MM secrete EVs during nephrogenesis. UB cell line derived EVs were characterized by their size, morphology and expression of markers (CD63, TSG101, CD9 and CD81). Furthermore, proteomics data of UB cell line-derived EVs revealed large number of proteins involved in nephrogenesis-related signaling pathways. Palmitoylated GFP-tagged EVs from UB cell line were found in the nephron formation zone in the developing kidney organoid. UB cell line derived EVs did not induce nephrogenesis in MM cells but significantly contributed to the survival and nephrogenesis-competency of MM cells. The secretion of EVs was continuously inhibited during the ongoing nephrogenesis by the knockdown of RalA and RalB gene expression using short hairpin RNAs. This inhibition partially impaired the ability of UB cell line to induce nephrogenesis. Moreover, impaired nephrogenesis was partially rescued by the addition of EVs. CONCLUSION Our study established a novel in vitro flexible model of nephrogenesis that solved the limitations of primary embryonic kidney cells and mouse embryonic stem cell kidney organoids for the EV research. EVs were found to be an integral part of nephrogenesis process. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Anatoliy Samoylenko
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ichrak Abene
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eslam Abdelrady
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Artem Zhyvolozhnyi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olha Makieieva
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Geneviève Bart
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilya Skovorodkin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Flagship GeneCellNano, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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Byts N, Makieieva O, Zhyvolozhnyi A, Bart G, Korvala J, Hekkala J, Salmi S, Samoylenko A, Reunanen J. Purification of Bacterial-Enriched Extracellular Vesicle Samples from Feces by Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2668:211-226. [PMID: 37140799 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3203-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Commensal microbiota has huge impact on the maintenance of human health, its dysregulation being associated with the development of a plethora of diseases. Release of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) is a fundamental mechanism of systemic microbiome influence on the host organism. Nevertheless, due to the technical challenges of isolation methods, BEV composition and functions remain poorly characterized. Hereby, we describe the up-to-date protocol for isolation of BEV-enriched samples from human feces. Fecal extracellular vesicles (EVs) are purified through the orthogonal implementation of filtration, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and density gradient ultracentrifugation. EVs are first separated from bacteria, flagella, and cell debris by size. In the next steps, BEVs are separated from host-derived EVs by density. The quality of vesicle preparation is estimated via immuno-TEM (transmission electron microscopy) for the presence of vesicle-like structures expressing EV markers and via NTA (nanoparticle tracking analysis) for assaying particle concentration and size. Distribution of EVs of human origin in gradient fractions is estimated using antibodies against human exosomal markers with Western blot and ExoView R100 imaging platform. The enrichment for BEVs in vesicle preparation is estimated by Western blot for the presence of bacterial OMVs (outer membrane vesicles) marker and OmpA (outer membrane protein A). Taken together, our study describes a detailed protocol for EV preparation with enrichment for BEVs from feces with a purity level suitable for bioactivity functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya Byts
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olha Makieieva
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Artem Zhyvolozhnyi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Genevieve Bart
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Korvala
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jenni Hekkala
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja Salmi
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anatoliy Samoylenko
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Pratiwi FW, Shanthi KB, Makieieva O, Chen ZA, Zhyvolozhnyi A, Miinalainen I, Bart G, Samoylenko A, Wu SH. Biogenesis of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Enclosed in Extracellular Vesicles by Mouse Renal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2668:241-256. [PMID: 37140801 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3203-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrating the versatility of synthetic nanoparticles to natural biomaterials, such as cells or cell membranes, has gained considerable attention as promising alternative cargo delivery platforms in recent years. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), natural nanomaterials composed of a protein-rich lipid bilayer secreted by cells, have also shown advantages and great potential as a nano delivery platform in combination with synthetic particles due to their specific natural properties in overcoming several biology hurdles possessed in the recipient cell. Therefore, the preservation of EV's origin properties is critical for their application as nanocarriers. This chapter will describe the encapsulation procedure of MSN encapsulated in EV membrane derived from mouse renal adenocarcinoma (Renca) cells through biogenesis. The FMSN-enclosed EVs produced through this approach still contain preserved EV's natural membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feby Wijaya Pratiwi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Keerthanaa Balasubramanian Shanthi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olha Makieieva
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zih An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Artem Zhyvolozhnyi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka Miinalainen
- Biocenter Oulu, Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Genevieve Bart
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anatoliy Samoylenko
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, Oulu, Finland
| | - Si-Han Wu
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ukkola J, Pratiwi FW, Kankaanpää S, Abdorahimzadeh S, KarzarJeddi M, Singh P, Zhyvolozhnyi A, Makieieva O, Viitala S, Samoylenko A, Häggman H, Vainio SJ, Elbuken C, Liimatainen H. Enrichment of bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles using surface-functionalized cellulose nanofibers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Samoylenko A, Kögler M, Zhyvolozhnyi A, Makieieva O, Bart G, Andoh SS, Roussey M, Vainio SJ, Hiltunen J. Time-gated Raman spectroscopy and proteomics analyses of hypoxic and normoxic renal carcinoma extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19594. [PMID: 34599227 PMCID: PMC8486794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse group of small membrane-encapsulated particles involved in cell-cell communication, but the technologies to characterize EVs are still limited. Hypoxia is a typical condition in solid tumors, and cancer-derived EVs support tumor growth and invasion of tissues by tumor cells. We found that exposure of renal adenocarcinoma cells to hypoxia induced EV secretion and led to notable changes in the EV protein cargo in comparison to normoxia. Proteomics analysis showed overrepresentation of proteins involved in adhesion, such as integrins, in hypoxic EV samples. We further assessed the efficacy of time-gated Raman spectroscopy (TG-RS) and surface-enhanced time-gated Raman spectroscopy (TG-SERS) to characterize EVs. While the conventional continuous wave excitation Raman spectroscopy did not provide a notable signal, prominent signals were obtained with the TG-RS that were further enhanced in the TG-SERS. The Raman signal showed characteristic changes in the amide regions due to alteration in the chemical bonds of the EV proteins. The results illustrate that the TG-RS and the TG-SERS are promising label free technologies to study cellular impact of external stimuli, such as oxygen deficiency, on EV production, as well as differences arising from distinct EV purification protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy Samoylenko
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Martin Kögler
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 90570, Oulu, Finland
| | - Artem Zhyvolozhnyi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olha Makieieva
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Geneviève Bart
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sampson S Andoh
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matthieu Roussey
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu and Kvantum Institute, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Hiltunen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 90570, Oulu, Finland
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Kyznetsova M, Makieieva O, Lavrovska D, Tymoshenko M, Sheverova D, Halenova T, Savchuk O, Ostapchenko L. Effect of Aqueous Extract from Phaseolus vulgaris Pods on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in The Liver and Kidney of Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2015.50501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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