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Werner CS, Chapman M, Skaggs J, Rhodes OE, DeVault TL. Trace metal transfer to passerines inhabiting wastewater treatment wetlands. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172373. [PMID: 38604356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment wetlands are cost-effective strategies for remediating trace metals in industrial effluent. However, biogeochemical exchange between wastewater treatment wetlands and adjacent environments provides opportunities for trace metals to cycle in surrounding ecosystems. The transfer of trace metals to wildlife inhabiting treatment wetlands must be considered when evaluating wetland success. Using passerine birds as bioindicators, we conducted a multi-tissue analysis to investigate the mobilization of zinc, copper, and lead derived from wastewater to terrestrial wildlife in treatment wetlands and surrounding habitat. In addition, we evaluate the strength of relationships between metal concentrations in non-lethal (blood and feathers) and lethal (muscle and liver) sample types for estimation of toxicity risk. From July 2020 to August 2021, 177 passerines of seven species were captured at two wetlands constructed to treat industrial wastewater and two reference wetlands in the coastal plain of South Carolina. Feather, blood, liver, and muscle samples from each bird were analyzed for fourteen metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and direct mercury analysis. Passerines inhabiting wastewater treatment wetlands accumulated higher concentrations of zinc in liver, copper in blood, and lead in feathers than passerines in reference wetlands, but neither blood nor feather concentrations were correlated with internal tissue concentrations. Of all the detected metals, only mercury in the blood showed a strong predictive relationship with mercury in internal tissues. This study indicates that trace metals derived from wastewater are bioavailable and exported to terrestrial wildlife and that passerine biomonitoring is a valuable tool for assessing metal transfer from treatment wetlands. Regular blood sampling can reveal proximate trace metal exposure but cannot predict internal body burdens for most metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S Werner
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Mary Chapman
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Jonathon Skaggs
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Travis L DeVault
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Silva AE, Speakman RJ, Barnes BF, Coyle DR, Leaphart JC, Abernethy EF, Turner KL, Rhodes OE, Beasley JC, Gandhi KJK. Bioaccumulation of contaminants in Scarabaeidae and Silphidae beetles at sites polluted by coal combustion residuals and radiocesium. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166821. [PMID: 37678529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic contamination from coal-fired power plants and nuclear reactors is a pervasive issue impacting ecosystems across the globe. As a result, it is critical that studies continue to assess the accumulation and effects of trace elements and radionuclides in a diversity of biota. In particular, bioindicator species are a powerful tool for risk assessment of chemically contaminated habitats. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and auto-gamma counting, we analyzed trace element and radiocesium contaminant concentrations in Scarabaeidae and Silphidae beetles (Order: Coleoptera), important taxa in decomposition and nutrient cycling, at contaminated and reference sites on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, U.S. Our results revealed variability in trace element concentrations between Scarabaeidae and Silphidae beetles at uncontaminated and contaminated sites. Compared to Scarabaeidae, Silphidae had higher levels of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Unexpectedly, concentrations of Cr, Cu, and Ni were higher in both taxa at the uncontaminated sites. Scarabaeidae and Silphidae beetles at the coal combustion waste site consistently had high concentrations of arsenic (As), and Scarabaeidae had high concentrations of selenium (Se). Of the 50 beetles analyzed for radiocesium levels, two had elevated radioactivity concentrations, both of which were from a site contaminated with radionuclides. Our results suggest carrion beetles may be particularly sensitive to bioaccumulation of contaminants due to their trophic position and role in decomposition, and thus are useful sentinels of trace element and radionuclide contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley E Silva
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Robert J Speakman
- Center for Applied Isotopes Studies, University of Georgia, 120 River Bend Road, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Brittany F Barnes
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - David R Coyle
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens 30602, GA, USA; Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, 121 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson 29634, SC, USA
| | - James C Leaphart
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA
| | - Erin F Abernethy
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Kelsey L Turner
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA
| | - Kamal J K Gandhi
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens 30602, GA, USA.
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Hill JE, Miller ML, Helton JL, Chipman RB, Gilbert AT, Beasley JC, Dharmarajan G, Rhodes OE. Raccoon spatial ecology in the rural southeastern United States. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293133. [PMID: 37943745 PMCID: PMC10635488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The movement ecology of raccoons varies widely across habitats with important implications for the management of zoonotic diseases such as rabies. However, the spatial ecology of raccoons remains poorly understood in many regions of the United States, particularly in the southeast. To better understand the spatial ecology of raccoons in the southeastern US, we investigated the role of sex, season, and habitat on monthly raccoon home range and core area sizes in three common rural habitats (bottomland hardwood, upland pine, and riparian forest) in South Carolina, USA. From 2018-2022, we obtained 264 monthly home ranges from 46 raccoons. Mean monthly 95% utilization distribution (UD) sizes ranged from 1.05 ± 0.48 km2 (breeding bottomland females) to 5.69 ± 3.37 km2 (fall riparian males) and mean monthly 60% UD sizes ranged from 0.25 ± 0.15 km2 (breeding bottomland females) to 1.59 ± 1.02 km2 (summer riparian males). Males maintained home range and core areas ~2-5 times larger than females in upland pine and riparian habitat throughout the year, whereas those of bottomland males were only larger than females during the breeding season. Home ranges and core areas of females did not vary across habitats, whereas male raccoons had home ranges and core areas ~2-3 times larger in upland pine and riparian compared to bottomland hardwood throughout much of the year. The home ranges of males in upland pine and riparian are among the largest recorded for raccoons in the United States. Such large and variable home ranges likely contribute to elevated risk of zoonotic disease spread by males in these habitats. These results can be used to inform disease mitigation strategies in the southeastern United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Hill
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States of America
| | - Madison L. Miller
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States of America
| | - James L. Helton
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States of America
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Chipman
- National Rabies Management Program, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, Concord, NH, United States of America
| | - Amy T. Gilbert
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States of America
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Guha Dharmarajan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States of America
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States of America
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Bernasconi DA, Miller ML, Hill JE, Gupta P, Chipman R, Gilbert AT, Rhodes OE, Dharmarajan G. RACCOONS (PROCYON LOTOR) SHOW HIGHER TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI DETECTION RATES THAN VIRGINIA OPOSSUMS (DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA) IN SOUTH CAROLINA, USA. J Wildl Dis 2023; 59:673-683. [PMID: 37846907 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, a significant public health concern in the Americas, is caused by a protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. The life cycle of T. cruzi involves kissing bugs (Triatoma spp.) functioning as vectors and mammalian species serving as hosts. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and opossums (Didelphis virginiana) have been identified as important reservoir species in the life cycle of T. cruzi, but prevalence in both species in the southeastern US is currently understudied. We quantified T. cruzi prevalence in these two key reservoir species across our study area in South Carolina, US, and identified factors that may influence parasite detection. We collected whole blood from 183 raccoons and 126 opossums and used PCR to detect the presence of T. cruzi. We then used generalized linear models with parasite detection status as a binary response variable and predictor variables of land cover, distance to water, sex, season, and species. Our analysis indicated that raccoons experienced significantly higher parasite detection rates than Virginia opossums, with T. cruzi prevalence found to be 26.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.0-33.8) in raccoons and 10.5% (95% CI, 5.51-17.5) in opossums. Overall, our results concur with previous studies, in that T. cruzi is established in reservoir host populations in natural areas of the southeastern US.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Bernasconi
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game, 15950 North Gate Boulevard, Nampa, Idaho 83687, USA
| | - Madison L Miller
- Division of Sciences, School of Interwoven Arts and Sciences, Krea University, 5655 Central Expressway, Sri City, Andhra Pradesh 517646, India
| | - Jacob E Hill
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Building 737-A Aiken, South Carolina 29802, USA
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Utah Public Health Laboratory, Utah Department of Health and Human Services, 4431 South 2700 West, Taylorsville, Salt Lake City, Utah 84129, USA
| | - Richard Chipman
- National Rabies Management Program, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 59 Chenell Drive, Suite 2, Concord, New Hampshire 03301, USA
| | - Amy T Gilbert
- National Wildlife Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Building 737-A Aiken, South Carolina 29802, USA
| | - Guha Dharmarajan
- Division of Sciences, School of Interwoven Arts and Sciences, Krea University, 5655 Central Expressway, Sri City, Andhra Pradesh 517646, India
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Hill JE, Helton JL, Chipman RB, Gilbert AT, Beasley JC, Dharmarajan G, Rhodes OE. Spatial ecology of translocated raccoons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10447. [PMID: 37369730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are routinely translocated both legally and illegally to mitigate conflicts with humans, which has contributed to the spread of rabies virus across eastern North America. The movement behavior of translocated raccoons has important ramifications for disease transmission yet remains understudied and poorly quantified. To examine the spatial ecology of raccoons following experimental translocation, we performed reciprocal 16 km-distance translocations of 30 raccoons between habitats of high and low raccoon density (bottomland hardwood and upland pine, respectively) across the Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, South Carolina, USA (2018-2019). Translocation influenced patterns of raccoon space use, with translocated animals exhibiting a 13-fold increase in 95% utilization distributions (UDs) post- compared to pre-translocation (mean 95% UD 35.8 ± 36.1 km2 vs 1.96 ± 1.17 km2). Raccoons originating from upland pine habitats consistently had greater space use and larger nightly movement distances post-translocation compared to raccoons moved from bottomland hardwood habitats, whereas these differences were generally not observed prior to translocation. Estimated home ranges of male raccoons were twice the area as estimated for female raccoons, on average, and this pattern was not affected by translocation. After a transient period lasting on average 36.5 days (SD = 30.0, range = 3.25-92.8), raccoons often resumed pre-experiment movement behavior, with 95% UD sizes not different from those prior to translocation (mean = 2.27 ± 1.63km2). Most animals established new home ranges after translocation, whereas three raccoons moved > 16 km from their release point back to the original capture location. Four animals crossed a 100-m wide river within the SRS post-translocation, but this behavior was not documented among collared raccoons prior to translocation. Large increases in space use combined with the crossing of geographic barriers such as rivers may lead to elevated contact rates with conspecifics, which can heighten disease transmission risks following translocation. These results provide additional insights regarding the potential impacts of raccoon translocation towards population level risks of rabies outbreaks and underscore the need to discourage mesocarnivore translocations to prevent further spread of wildlife rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Hill
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
| | - James L Helton
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Richard B Chipman
- National Rabies Management Program, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, Concord, NH, 03301, USA
| | - Amy T Gilbert
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, 4101 Laporte Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Guha Dharmarajan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E Green St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Helton JL, Hill JE, Bernasconi DA, Dixon WC, Chipman RB, Gilbert AT, Beasley JC, Dharmarajan G, Rhodes OE. Assessment of habitat‐specific competition for oral rabies vaccine baits between raccoons and opossums. J Wildl Manage 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James L. Helton
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Jacob E. Hill
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - David A. Bernasconi
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Wesley C. Dixon
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Richard B. Chipman
- National Rabies Management Program, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Concord NH 03301 USA
| | - Amy T. Gilbert
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Guha Dharmarajan
- School of Interwoven Arts and Sciences Krea University Sri City AP India
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
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Hill JE, Turner KL, Smith JB, Hamilton MT, DeVault TL, Pitt WC, Beasley JC, Rhodes OE. Scavenging dynamics on Guam and implications for invasive species management. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Butler-Valverde MJ, DeVault TL, Rhodes OE, Beasley JC. Carcass appearance does not influence scavenger avoidance of carnivore carrion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18842. [PMID: 36344611 PMCID: PMC9640519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection or avoidance of certain carrion resources by vertebrate scavengers can alter the flow of nutrients in ecosystems. Evidence suggests higher trophic level carrion is scavenged by fewer vertebrate species and persists longer when compared to lower trophic level carrion, although it is unclear how scavengers distinguish between carcasses of varying species. To investigate carnivore carrion avoidance and explore sensory recognition mechanisms in scavenging species, we investigated scavenger use of intact and altered (i.e., skin, head, and feet removed) coyote-Canis latrans (carnivore) and wild pig-Sus scrofa (omnivore) carcasses experimentally placed at the Savannah River Site, SC, USA. We predicted carnivore carcasses would persist longer due to conspecific and intraguild scavenger avoidance. Further, we hypothesized visually modifying carcasses would not reduce avoidance of carnivore carrion, given scavengers likely depend largely on chemical cues when assessing carrion resources. As expected, mammalian carnivores largely avoided scavenging on coyote carcasses, resulting in carnivore carcasses having longer depletion times than wild pig carcasses at intact and altered trials. Therefore, nutrients derived from carnivore carcasses are not as readily incorporated into higher trophic levels and scavengers largely depend on olfactory cues when assessing benefits and risks associated with varying carrion resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J. Butler-Valverde
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XSavannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, P.O. Box Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA
| | - Travis L. DeVault
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XSavannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, P.O. Box Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XSavannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, P.O. Box Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XSavannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, P.O. Box Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA
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Meehan TD, Saunders SP, DeLuca WV, Michel NL, Grand J, Deppe JL, Jimenez MF, Knight EJ, Seavy NE, Smith MA, Taylor L, Witko C, Akresh ME, Barber DR, Bayne EM, Beasley JC, Belant JL, Bierregaard RO, Bildstein KL, Boves TJ, Brzorad JN, Campbell SP, Celis‐Murillo A, Cooke HA, Domenech R, Goodrich L, Gow EA, Haines A, Hallworth MT, Hill JM, Holland AE, Jennings S, Kays R, King DT, Mackenzie SA, Marra PP, McCabe RA, McFarland KP, McGrady MJ, Melcer R, Norris DR, Norvell RE, Rhodes OE, Rimmer CC, Scarpignato AL, Shreading A, Watson JL, Wilsey CB. Integrating data types to estimate spatial patterns of avian migration across the Western Hemisphere. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2679. [PMID: 35588285 PMCID: PMC9787853 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For many avian species, spatial migration patterns remain largely undescribed, especially across hemispheric extents. Recent advancements in tracking technologies and high-resolution species distribution models (i.e., eBird Status and Trends products) provide new insights into migratory bird movements and offer a promising opportunity for integrating independent data sources to describe avian migration. Here, we present a three-stage modeling framework for estimating spatial patterns of avian migration. First, we integrate tracking and band re-encounter data to quantify migratory connectivity, defined as the relative proportions of individuals migrating between breeding and nonbreeding regions. Next, we use estimated connectivity proportions along with eBird occurrence probabilities to produce probabilistic least-cost path (LCP) indices. In a final step, we use generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) both to evaluate the ability of LCP indices to accurately predict (i.e., as a covariate) observed locations derived from tracking and band re-encounter data sets versus pseudo-absence locations during migratory periods and to create a fully integrated (i.e., eBird occurrence, LCP, and tracking/band re-encounter data) spatial prediction index for mapping species-specific seasonal migrations. To illustrate this approach, we apply this framework to describe seasonal migrations of 12 bird species across the Western Hemisphere during pre- and postbreeding migratory periods (i.e., spring and fall, respectively). We found that including LCP indices with eBird occurrence in GAMMs generally improved the ability to accurately predict observed migratory locations compared to models with eBird occurrence alone. Using three performance metrics, the eBird + LCP model demonstrated equivalent or superior fit relative to the eBird-only model for 22 of 24 species-season GAMMs. In particular, the integrated index filled in spatial gaps for species with over-water movements and those that migrated over land where there were few eBird sightings and, thus, low predictive ability of eBird occurrence probabilities (e.g., Amazonian rainforest in South America). This methodology of combining individual-based seasonal movement data with temporally dynamic species distribution models provides a comprehensive approach to integrating multiple data types to describe broad-scale spatial patterns of animal movement. Further development and customization of this approach will continue to advance knowledge about the full annual cycle and conservation of migratory birds.
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Bernasconi DA, Dixon WC, Hamilton MT, Helton JL, Chipman RB, Gilbert AT, Beasley JC, Rhodes OE, Dharmarajan G. Influence of landscape attributes on Virginia opossum density. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Bernasconi
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Wesley C. Dixon
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Matthew T. Hamilton
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - James L. Helton
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Richard B. Chipman
- National Rabies Management Program, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Concord NH 03301 USA
| | - Amy T. Gilbert
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Guha Dharmarajan
- Division of Sciences, School of Interwoven Arts and Sciences, Krea University, Sri City Andhra Pradesh India
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Bertucci EM, Mason MW, Rhodes OE, Parrott BB. Exposure to ionizing radiation disrupts normal epigenetic aging in Japanese medaka. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22752-22771. [PMID: 34644261 PMCID: PMC8544305 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations to the epigenome are a hallmark of biological aging and age-dependent patterning of the DNA methylome ("epigenetic aging") can be modeled to produce epigenetic age predictors. Rates of epigenetic aging vary amongst individuals and correlate to the onset of age-related disease and all-cause mortality. Yet, the origins of epigenetic-to-chronological age discordance are not empirically resolved. Here, we investigate the relationship between aging, DNA methylation, and environmental exposures in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). We find age-associated DNA methylation patterning enriched in genomic regions of low CpG density and that, similar to mammals, most age-related changes occur during early life. We construct an epigenetic clock capable of predicting chronological age with a mean error of 61.1 days (~8.4% of average lifespan). To test the role of environmental factors in driving epigenetic age variation, we exposed medaka to chronic, environmentally relevant doses of ionizing radiation. Because most organisms share an evolutionary history with ionizing radiation, we hypothesized that exposure would reveal fundamental insights into environment-by-epigenetic aging interactions. Radiation exposure disrupted epigenetic aging by accelerating and decelerating normal age-associated patterning and was most pronounced in cytosines that were moderately associated with age. These findings empirically demonstrate the role of DNA methylation in integrating environmental factors into aging trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Bertucci
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Marilyn W. Mason
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Benjamin B. Parrott
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
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12
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Beaudry MS, Thomas JC, Baptista RP, Sullivan AH, Norfolk W, Devault A, Enk J, Kieran TJ, Rhodes OE, Perry-Dow KA, Rose LJ, Bayona-Vásquez NJ, Oladeinde A, Lipp EK, Sanchez S, Glenn TC. Escaping the fate of Sisyphus: assessing resistome hybridization baits for antimicrobial resistance gene capture. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7523-7537. [PMID: 34519156 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Finding, characterizing and monitoring reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is vital to protecting public health. Hybridization capture baits are an accurate, sensitive and cost-effective technique used to enrich and characterize DNA sequences of interest, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), in complex environmental samples. We demonstrate the continued utility of a set of 19 933 hybridization capture baits designed from the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD)v1.1.2 and Pathogenicity Island Database (PAIDB)v2.0, targeting 3565 unique nucleotide sequences that confer resistance. We demonstrate the efficiency of our bait set on a custom-made resistance mock community and complex environmental samples to increase the proportion of on-target reads as much as >200-fold. However, keeping pace with newly discovered ARGs poses a challenge when studying AMR, because novel ARGs are continually being identified and would not be included in bait sets designed prior to discovery. We provide imperative information on how our bait set performs against CARDv3.3.1, as well as a generalizable approach for deciding when and how to update hybridization capture bait sets. This research encapsulates the full life cycle of baits for hybridization capture of the resistome from design and validation (both in silico and in vitro) to utilization and forecasting updates and retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Beaudry
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jesse C Thomas
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29808, USA
| | - Rodrigo P Baptista
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Center for Tropical and Emerging Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Amanda H Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - William Norfolk
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Alison Devault
- Daicel Arbor Biosciences, 5840 Interface Dr., Suite 101, Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA
| | - Jacob Enk
- Daicel Arbor Biosciences, 5840 Interface Dr., Suite 101, Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA
| | - Troy J Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29808, USA.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - K Allison Perry-Dow
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura J Rose
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natalia J Bayona-Vásquez
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Division of Natural Science and Mathematics, Oxford College, Emory University, Oxford, GA, 30054, USA
| | - Adelumola Oladeinde
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Erin K Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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13
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Sebastián-González E, Morales-Reyes Z, Botella F, Naves-Alegre L, Pérez-García JM, Mateo-Tomás P, Olea PP, Moleón M, Barbosa JM, Hiraldo F, Arrondo E, Donázar JA, Cortés-Avizanda A, Selva N, Lambertucci SA, Bhattacharjee A, Brewer AL, Abernethy EF, Turner KL, Beasley JC, DeVault TL, Gerke HC, Rhodes OE, Ordiz A, Wikenros C, Zimmermann B, Wabakken P, Wilmers CC, Smith JA, Kendall CJ, Ogada D, Frehner E, Allen ML, Wittmer HU, Butler JRA, du Toit JT, Margalida A, Oliva-Vidal P, Wilson D, Jerina K, Krofel M, Kostecke R, Inger R, Per E, Ayhan Y, Sancı M, Yılmazer Ü, Inagaki A, Koike S, Samson A, Perrig PL, Spencer EE, Newsome TM, Heurich M, Anadón JD, Buechley ER, Gutiérrez-Cánovas C, Elbroch LM, Sánchez-Zapata JA. Functional traits driving species role in the structure of terrestrial vertebrate scavenger networks. Ecology 2021; 102:e03519. [PMID: 34449876 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Species assemblages often have a non-random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages is thought to be driven by facilitation in competitive environments. However, not all scavenger species play the same role in maintaining assemblage structure, as some species are obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures) and others are facultative, scavenging opportunistically. We used a database with 177 vertebrate scavenger species from 53 assemblages in 22 countries across five continents to identify which functional traits of scavenger species are key to maintaining the scavenging network structure. We used network analyses to relate ten traits hypothesized to affect assemblage structure with the "role" of each species in the scavenging assemblage in which it appeared. We characterized the role of a species in terms of both the proportion of monitored carcasses on which that species scavenged, or scavenging breadth (i.e., the species "normalized degree"), and the role of that species in the nested structure of the assemblage (i.e., the species "paired nested degree"), therefore identifying possible facilitative interactions among species. We found that species with high olfactory acuity, social foragers, and obligate scavengers had the widest scavenging breadth. We also found that social foragers had a large paired nested degree in scavenger assemblages, probably because their presence is easier to detect by other species to signal carcass occurrence. Our study highlights differences in the functional roles of scavenger species and can be used to identify key species for targeted conservation to maintain the ecological function of scavenger assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sebastián-González
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain.,Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Cra. San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, E-03690, Spain
| | - Zebensui Morales-Reyes
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Francisco Botella
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Lara Naves-Alegre
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Juan M Pérez-García
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-25002, Spain
| | - Patricia Mateo-Tomás
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Oviedo -Spanish National Research Council- Principality of Asturias, Mieres, E-33600, Spain.,Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Olea
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Jomar Magalhães Barbosa
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Fernando Hiraldo
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Avd. Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, E-41092, Spain
| | - Eneko Arrondo
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain.,Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Avd. Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, E-41092, Spain
| | - José A Donázar
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Avd. Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, E-41092, Spain
| | - Ainara Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Avd. Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, E-41092, Spain.,Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Seville, E-41012, Spain
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, PL-31-120, Poland
| | - Sergio A Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Aishwarya Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, 10010, USA.,Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Alexis L Brewer
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, 10010, USA.,Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Erin F Abernethy
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Kelsey L Turner
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - Travis L DeVault
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - Hannah C Gerke
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | - Andrés Ordiz
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, NO-1432, Norway
| | - Camilla Wikenros
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, 73993, Sweden
| | - Barbara Zimmermann
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, 2318, Norway
| | - Petter Wabakken
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, 2318, Norway
| | - Christopher C Wilmers
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Justine A Smith
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Corinne J Kendall
- North Carolina Zoo, 4401 Zoo Parkway, Asheboro, North Carolina, 27205, USA
| | - Darcy Ogada
- The Peregrine Fund, 5668 Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, Idaho, 83709, USA
| | - Ethan Frehner
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Heiko U Wittmer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | | | - Johan T du Toit
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5230, USA
| | - Antoni Margalida
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-25002, Spain.,Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, E-13071, Spain
| | - Pilar Oliva-Vidal
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, E-25002, Spain
| | - David Wilson
- The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, CB2 1SJ, United Kingdom
| | - Klemen Jerina
- Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Miha Krofel
- Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Richard Inger
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Esra Per
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06560, Turkey.,DEDE Nature Team, İvedik Organize Sanayi Bölgesi 1122.cad. 1473.Sok. No:4-6-8 Yenimahalle, Ankara, 06374, Turkey
| | - Yunus Ayhan
- DEDE Nature Team, İvedik Organize Sanayi Bölgesi 1122.cad. 1473.Sok. No:4-6-8 Yenimahalle, Ankara, 06374, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sancı
- DEDE Nature Team, İvedik Organize Sanayi Bölgesi 1122.cad. 1473.Sok. No:4-6-8 Yenimahalle, Ankara, 06374, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Yılmazer
- DEDE Nature Team, İvedik Organize Sanayi Bölgesi 1122.cad. 1473.Sok. No:4-6-8 Yenimahalle, Ankara, 06374, Turkey
| | - Akino Inagaki
- Department of Environment Conservation, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0054, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Environment Conservation, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0054, Japan
| | - Arockianathan Samson
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643002, India
| | - Paula L Perrig
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina.,Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Emma E Spencer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas M Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Marco Heurich
- Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Straße 2, Grafenau, 94481, Germany.,Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - José D Anadón
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, 10010, USA.,Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10010, USA.,Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y el Medio Natural, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-50009, Spain
| | - Evan R Buechley
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, Washington, D.C., 20013, USA.,HawkWatch International, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84106, USA
| | | | - L Mark Elbroch
- Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, New York, New York, 10018, USA
| | - José A Sánchez-Zapata
- Department of Applied Biology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
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14
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Perez-Gelvez YNC, Camus AC, Bridger R, Wells L, Rhodes OE, Bergmann CW. Effects of chronic exposure to low levels of IR on Medaka ( Oryzias latipes): a proteomic and bioinformatic approach. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1485-1501. [PMID: 34355643 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1962570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) at low doses (<100 mGy) has been insufficiently studied to understand fully the risk to health. Relatively little knowledge exists regarding how species and healthy tissues respond at the protein level to chronic exposure to low doses of IR, and mass spectrometric-based profiling of protein expression is a powerful tool for studying changes in protein abundance. MATERIALS AND METHODS SDS gel electrophoresis, LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry-based approaches and bioinformatic data analytics were used to detect proteomic changes following chronic exposure to moderate/low doses of radiation in adults and normally developed Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). RESULTS Significant variations in the abundance of proteins involved in thyroid hormone signaling and lipid metabolism were detected, which could be related to the gonadal regression phenotype observed after 21.04 mGy and 204.3 mGy/day exposure. The global proteomic change was towards overexpression of proteins in muscle and skin, while the opposite effect was observed in internal organs. CONCLUSION The present study provides information on the impacts of biologically relevant low doses of IR, which will be useful in future research for the identification of potential biomarkers of IR exposure and allow for a better assessment of radiation biosafety regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Natalia C Perez-Gelvez
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alvin C Camus
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert Bridger
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Odum School of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Carl W Bergmann
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Beaudry MS, Wang J, Kieran TJ, Thomas J, Bayona-Vásquez NJ, Gao B, Devault A, Brunelle B, Lu K, Wang JS, Rhodes OE, Glenn TC. Improved Microbial Community Characterization of 16S rRNA via Metagenome Hybridization Capture Enrichment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:644662. [PMID: 33986735 PMCID: PMC8110821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.644662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental microbial diversity is often investigated from a molecular perspective using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons and shotgun metagenomics. While amplicon methods are fast, low-cost, and have curated reference databases, they can suffer from amplification bias and are limited in genomic scope. In contrast, shotgun metagenomic methods sample more genomic regions with fewer sequence acquisition biases, but are much more expensive (even with moderate sequencing depth) and computationally challenging. Here, we develop a set of 16S rRNA sequence capture baits that offer a potential middle ground with the advantages from both approaches for investigating microbial communities. These baits cover the diversity of all 16S rRNA sequences available in the Greengenes (v. 13.5) database, with no sequence having <78% sequence identity to at least one bait for all segments of 16S. The use of our baits provide comparable results to 16S amplicon libraries and shotgun metagenomic libraries when assigning taxonomic units from 16S sequences within the metagenomic reads. We demonstrate that 16S rRNA capture baits can be used on a range of microbial samples (i.e., mock communities and rodent fecal samples) to increase the proportion of 16S rRNA sequences (average > 400-fold) and decrease analysis time to obtain consistent community assessments. Furthermore, our study reveals that bioinformatic methods used to analyze sequencing data may have a greater influence on estimates of community composition than library preparation method used, likely due in part to the extent and curation of the reference databases considered. Thus, enriching existing aliquots of shotgun metagenomic libraries and obtaining modest numbers of reads from them offers an efficient orthogonal method for assessment of bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S. Beaudry
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jesse Thomas
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States
| | - Natalia J. Bayona-Vásquez
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States
| | - Travis C. Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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16
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Perez-Gelvez YNC, Unger S, Kurz S, Rosenbalm K, Wright WM, Rhodes OE, Tiemeyer M, Bergmann CW. Chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation impacts the processing of glycoprotein N-linked glycans in Medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:401-420. [PMID: 33346724 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1864500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation is found naturally in the environment. Low doses of IR may have beneficial applications, yet there is also potential for detrimental long-term health effects. Impacts following exposure to low levels of IR have been refractory to identification and quantification. Glycoprotein glycosylation is vital to cell-cell communication and organismal function, and sensitive to changes in an organism's macro- and cellular environment. We investigated whether accumulated low doses of IR (LoDIR) affect the N-linked glycoprotein glycans using Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). MATERIALS AND METHODS State-of-the-art methods in radiation exposure and glycan analysis were applied to study N-glycan changes after 190 day exposure at three different rates of gamma irradiation (2.25, 21.01, and 204.3 mGy/day) in wild-type adult Medaka. Tissue N-glycans were analyzed following enzymatic release from extracted proteins. RESULTS N-linked glycan profiles are dominated by complex type N-glycans modified with terminal sialic acid and core fucose. Fucosylation and sialylation of N-linked glycoprotein glycans are affected by LoDIR and a subset of N-glycans are involved in the organismal radio-response. CONCLUSION This is the first indication that the glycome can be interrogated for biomarkers that report the impact of chronic exposure to environmental stressors, such as low-level IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Natalia C Perez-Gelvez
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shem Unger
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, The University of Georgia, Aiken, GA, USA
| | - Simone Kurz
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Katelyn Rosenbalm
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Odum School of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Carl W Bergmann
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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17
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Rhodes OE, Bréchignac F, Bradshaw C, Hinton TG, Mothersill C, Arnone JA, Aubrey DP, Barnthouse LW, Beasley JC, Bonisoli-Alquati A, Boring LR, Bryan AL, Capps KA, Clément B, Coleman A, Condon C, Coutelot F, DeVol T, Dharmarajan G, Fletcher D, Flynn W, Gladfelder G, Glenn TC, Hendricks S, Ishida K, Jannik T, Kapustka L, Kautsky U, Kennamer R, Kuhne W, Lance S, Laptyev G, Love C, Manglass L, Martinez N, Mathews T, McKee A, McShea W, Mihok S, Mills G, Parrott B, Powell B, Pryakhin E, Rypstra A, Scott D, Seaman J, Seymour C, Shkvyria M, Ward A, White D, Wood MD, Zimmerman JK. Integration of ecosystem science into radioecology: A consensus perspective. Sci Total Environ 2020; 740:140031. [PMID: 32559536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the Fall of 2016 a workshop was held which brought together over 50 scientists from the ecological and radiological fields to discuss feasibility and challenges of reintegrating ecosystem science into radioecology. There is a growing desire to incorporate attributes of ecosystem science into radiological risk assessment and radioecological research more generally, fueled by recent advances in quantification of emergent ecosystem attributes and the desire to accurately reflect impacts of radiological stressors upon ecosystem function. This paper is a synthesis of the discussions and consensus of the workshop participant's responses to three primary questions, which were: 1) How can ecosystem science support radiological risk assessment? 2) What ecosystem level endpoints potentially could be used for radiological risk assessment? and 3) What inference strategies and associated methods would be most appropriate to assess the effects of radionuclides on ecosystem structure and function? The consensus of the participants was that ecosystem science can and should support radiological risk assessment through the incorporation of quantitative metrics that reflect ecosystem functions which are sensitive to radiological contaminants. The participants also agreed that many such endpoints exit or are thought to exit and while many are used in ecological risk assessment currently, additional data need to be collected that link the causal mechanisms of radiological exposure to these endpoints. Finally, the participants agreed that radiological risk assessments must be designed and informed by rigorous statistical frameworks capable of revealing the causal inference tying radiological exposure to the endpoints selected for measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America.
| | - Francois Bréchignac
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, International Union of Radioecology, Center of Cadarache, Bldg 159, BP 1, 13115 St Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas G Hinton
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | | | - John A Arnone
- Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, United States of America
| | - Doug P Aubrey
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Lawrence W Barnthouse
- LWB Environmental Services, Inc., 1620 New London Rd., Hamilton, OH 45013, United States of America
| | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768, United States of America
| | - Lindsay R Boring
- Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, #988 Jones Center Dr., Newton, GA 39870, United States of America
| | - Albert L Bryan
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Krista A Capps
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Bernard Clément
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69518, rue Maurice Audin, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Austin Coleman
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Condon
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 100 Radiation Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Fanny Coutelot
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 342 Computer Ct., Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29625, United States of America
| | - Timothy DeVol
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 342 Computer Ct., Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625-6510, United States of America
| | - Guha Dharmarajan
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Dean Fletcher
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Wes Flynn
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Garth Gladfelder
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 100 Radiation Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Susan Hendricks
- Hancock Biological Station, 561 Emma Dr., Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071, United States of America
| | - Ken Ishida
- The University of Tokyo, Yokoze, 6632-12, Yokoze-town, Chichibu-gun, 368-0072, Japan
| | - Tim Jannik
- Savannah River National Laboratory, SRS Bldg. 999-W, Room 312, Aiken, SC 29808, United States of America
| | - Larry Kapustka
- LK Consultancy, P.O Box 373, 100 202 Blacklock Way SW, Turner Valley, Alberta T0L 2A0, Canada
| | - Ulrik Kautsky
- Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB, PO Box 3091, SE-169 03 Solna, Sweden
| | - Robert Kennamer
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Wendy Kuhne
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 735-A, B-102, Aiken, SC 29808, United States of America
| | - Stacey Lance
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Gennadiy Laptyev
- Ukrainian HydroMeteorological Institute, 37 Prospekt Nauki, Kiev 02038, Ukraine
| | - Cara Love
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Lisa Manglass
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 342 Computer Ct., Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625-6510, United States of America
| | - Nicole Martinez
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 342 Computer Ct., Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625-6510, United States of America
| | - Teresa Mathews
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Arthur McKee
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, 32125 Bio Station Lane, Polson, MT 59860, United States of America
| | - William McShea
- Smithsonian's Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Rd., Front Royal, VA 22630, United States of America
| | - Steve Mihok
- Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, P.O. Box 1046, Station B, 280 Slater St., Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5S9, Canada
| | - Gary Mills
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Ben Parrott
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Brian Powell
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 342 Computer Ct., Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29625, United States of America; Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808, United States of America
| | - Evgeny Pryakhin
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Vorovsky Str., 68a, Chelyabinsk 454141, Russia
| | - Ann Rypstra
- Ecology Research Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States of America
| | - David Scott
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - John Seaman
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, United States of America
| | - Colin Seymour
- Dept. of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryna Shkvyria
- Kyiv zoological park of national importance, prosp. Peremohy, 32, Kyiv 04116, Ukraine
| | - Amelia Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 870344, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States of America
| | - David White
- Hancock Biological Station, 561 Emma Dr., Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071, United States of America
| | - Michael D Wood
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT. United Kingdom
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- University of Puerto Rico, #17 Ave Universidad, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico
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Bertucci EM, Mason MW, Camus AC, Rhodes OE, Parrott BB. Chronic low dose irradiation alters hepatic transcriptional profiles, but not global DNA methylation in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Sci Total Environ 2020; 729:138680. [PMID: 32361431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) resulting from both natural and anthropogenic sources is ubiquitous throughout the environment. Historically, studies on the biological impacts of radiation primarily focused on responses to acute doses of radiation, with little advancement in our understanding of environmentally relevant exposures. Epigenetic mechanisms are capable of mediating organismal responses to environmental stressors and DNA methylation plays important roles in gene regulation and promoting chromosomal stability. Here, we assess broad-scale transcriptional and epigenetic variation resulting from chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (LDIR; 5.78, 53.76, or 520.23 mGy/day) using Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) in a replicated mesocosm design. We observed significant changes to the hepatic transcriptome induced by a 3-month chronic exposure to IR, whereas global DNA methylation appeared largely unaffected. Our findings reveal a set of genes, including those involved in immune function, responding to environmentally relevant IR exposures, which do not appear to be mediated by a systemic global shift in DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Bertucci
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
| | - Marilyn W Mason
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
| | - Alvin C Camus
- College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens 30602, GA, USA.
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
| | - Benjamin B Parrott
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
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19
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Kimble SJA, Dorr BS, Hanson‐Dorr KC, Rhodes OE, Devault TL. Migratory Flyways May Affect Population Structure in Double‐Crested Cormorants. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. A. Kimble
- Department of Biological Sciences Towson University 8000 York Road Baltimore MD 21252 USA
| | - Brian S. Dorr
- USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center P.O. Box 6099 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Katie C. Hanson‐Dorr
- USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center P.O. Box 6099 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Travis L. Devault
- USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center 6100 Columbus Avenue Sandusky OH 44870 USA
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20
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Thomas JC, Oladeinde A, Kieran TJ, Finger JW, Bayona‐Vásquez NJ, Cartee JC, Beasley JC, Seaman JC, McArthur JV, Rhodes OE, Glenn TC. Co-occurrence of antibiotic, biocide, and heavy metal resistance genes in bacteria from metal and radionuclide contaminated soils at the Savannah River Site. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1179-1200. [PMID: 32363769 PMCID: PMC7264878 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Contaminants such as heavy metals may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by enriching resistance gene determinants via co-selection mechanisms. In the present study, a survey was performed on soils collected from four areas at the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, USA, with varying contaminant profiles: relatively pristine (Upper Three Runs), heavy metals (Ash Basins), radionuclides (Pond B) and heavy metal and radionuclides (Tim's Branch). Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we explored the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities. Sites with legacies of metal and/or radionuclide contamination displayed significantly lower bacterial diversity compared to the reference site. Metagenomic analysis indicated that multidrug and vancomycin antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) including those associated with copper, arsenic, iron, nickel and zinc were prominent in all soils including the reference site. However, significant differences were found in the relative abundance and diversity of certain ARGs and MRGs in soils with metal/radionuclide contaminated soils compared to the reference site. Co-occurrence patterns revealed significant ARG/MRG subtypes in predominant soil taxa including Acidobacteriaceae, Bradyrhizobium, Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, Verrumicrobium, Actinomadura and Solirubacterales. Overall, the study emphasizes the potential risk of human activities on the dissemination of AMR in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C. Thomas
- Department of Environmental Health ScienceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Adelumola Oladeinde
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research UnitUnited States Department of AgricultureAthensGA30605USA
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health ScienceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - John W. Finger
- Department of Biological SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL36849USA
| | - Natalia J. Bayona‐Vásquez
- Department of Environmental Health ScienceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Institute of BioinformaticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - John C. Cartee
- Division of STD PreventionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaPO Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - John C. Seaman
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaPO Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - J Vuan McArthur
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaPO Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaPO Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Travis C. Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health ScienceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Institute of BioinformaticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
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21
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Silva AE, Barnes BF, Coyle DR, Abernethy EF, Turner KL, Rhodes OE, Beasley JC, Gandhi KJK. Effects of industrial disturbances on biodiversity of carrion-associated beetles. Sci Total Environ 2020; 709:135158. [PMID: 31905577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Energy production systems such as nuclear reactors and coal-burning power plants produce a multitude of waste contaminants including radionuclides, trace elements, and heavy metals. Among invertebrates, much of the effort to understand the impact of these contaminants has focused in aquatic environments, while relatively less attention has been on terrestrial communities. We investigated the effects of trace element and radionuclide contamination on assemblages of beetles that are drawn to vertebrate carrion. Samples were collected from riparian sites at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina to compare trap catches (i.e., measure of relative abundance) of beetles and species diversity along a habitat gradient (0-300 m) away from an aquatic habitat and between uncontaminated and contaminated sites. We collected 17,800 carrion-associated beetles representing 112 species in nine families, which were classified as either scavenger or predatory beetles. Beetle catches and species diversity were generally higher at contaminated than uncontaminated sites. These trends were likely driven by scavenger species, which showed similar patterns between sites, whereas patterns of catches and species diversity were variable between sites for predatory beetles. Species compositions of contaminated and uncontaminated sites were generally distinct, however habitat edges appeared to substantially affect beetle assemblages. Overall, our study suggests carrion beetle assemblages are sensitive to edge effects and may exhibit variable responses to the presence of anthropogenic contaminants or disturbances associated with energy production systems. Such results reflect the inherent variability among individual beetle species, populations, and communities to local environmental conditions, and underscores the need for multi-taxa approach in environmental impact assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley E Silva
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Brittany F Barnes
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David R Coyle
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, 121 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Erin F Abernethy
- Integrative Biology Department, Oregon State University, 2701 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Kelsey L Turner
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Kamal J K Gandhi
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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22
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Holland AE, Byrne ME, Hepinstall-Cymerman J, Bryan AL, DeVault TL, Rhodes OE, Beasley JC. Evidence of niche differentiation for two sympatric vulture species in the Southeastern United States. Mov Ecol 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 31695917 PMCID: PMC6822427 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As obligate scavengers utilizing similar habitats, interspecific competition undoubtedly occurs between resident black (Coragyps atratus) and turkey (Cathartes aura) vultures. In the interest of exploring how sympatric species coexist through habitat segregation, we examined resource selection of resident black and turkey vultures in the southeastern United States (US) for evidence of niche differentiation. METHODS Using fine-scale movement data, we assessed interspecific seasonal differences in monthly roost reuse frequency and roost site fidelity, as well as monthly flight, roost, and diurnal rest site resource selection based on > 2.8 million locations of 9 black vultures and 9 turkey vultures tracked from September 2013 to August 2015 using Groupe Spécial Mobile/Global Positioning System (GSM/GPS) transmitters. RESULTS Black vultures generally exhibited greater roost fidelity as well as a greater maximum number of nights spent at a single roost than turkey vultures. Patterns of flight, roost, and resting habitat selection within the home range varied monthly as well as between species, providing evidence for habitat segregation and niche differentiation by sympatric vultures. In particular, our results indicate the importance of wooded wetlands for resting and roosting locations for both species, and revealed clear differences in the use of forested habitats between species during flight, resting, and roosting behavioral states. CONCLUSIONS By examining differences in resource selection and spatial ecology of black and turkey vultures across a range of behaviors, this study demonstrates mechanisms of niche differentiation in these ecologically similar species, and enhances potential for conservation and informed management of this important group of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Holland
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC USA
| | - Michael E. Byrne
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC USA
- Present address: School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | | | - A. Lawrence Bryan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC USA
| | | | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC USA
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23
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Kierepka EM, Juarez R, Turner K, Smith J, Hamilton M, Lyons P, Hall MA, Beasley JC, Rhodes OE. Population Genetics of Invasive Brown Tree Snakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guam, USA. HERPETOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1655/d-18-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Kierepka
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Rebeca Juarez
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Kelsey Turner
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Joshua Smith
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Matthew Hamilton
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Phillip Lyons
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Marc A. Hall
- NAVFAC MAR, PSC 455, Box 195, Honolulu, HI 96540-2937, USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
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24
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Sebastián-González E, Barbosa JM, Pérez-García JM, Morales-Reyes Z, Botella F, Olea PP, Mateo-Tomás P, Moleón M, Hiraldo F, Arrondo E, Donázar JA, Cortés-Avizanda A, Selva N, Lambertucci SA, Bhattacharjee A, Brewer A, Anadón JD, Abernethy E, Rhodes OE, Turner K, Beasley JC, DeVault TL, Ordiz A, Wikenros C, Zimmermann B, Wabakken P, Wilmers CC, Smith JA, Kendall CJ, Ogada D, Buechley ER, Frehner E, Allen ML, Wittmer HU, Butler JRA, du Toit JT, Read J, Wilson D, Jerina K, Krofel M, Kostecke R, Inger R, Samson A, Naves-Alegre L, Sánchez-Zapata JA. Scavenging in the Anthropocene: Human impact drives vertebrate scavenger species richness at a global scale. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:3005-3017. [PMID: 31127672 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the distribution of biodiversity across the Earth is one of the most challenging questions in biology. Much research has been directed at explaining the species latitudinal pattern showing that communities are richer in tropical areas; however, despite decades of research, a general consensus has not yet emerged. In addition, global biodiversity patterns are being rapidly altered by human activities. Here, we aim to describe large-scale patterns of species richness and diversity in terrestrial vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages, which provide key ecosystem functions and services. We used a worldwide dataset comprising 43 sites, where vertebrate scavenger assemblages were identified using 2,485 carcasses monitored between 1991 and 2018. First, we evaluated how scavenger richness (number of species) and diversity (Shannon diversity index) varied among seasons (cold vs. warm, wet vs. dry). Then, we studied the potential effects of human impact and a set of macroecological variables related to climatic conditions on the scavenger assemblages. Vertebrate scavenger richness ranged from species-poor to species rich assemblages (4-30 species). Both scavenger richness and diversity also showed some seasonal variation. However, in general, climatic variables did not drive latitudinal patterns, as scavenger richness and diversity were not affected by temperature or rainfall. Rainfall seasonality slightly increased the number of species in the community, but its effect was weak. Instead, the human impact index included in our study was the main predictor of scavenger richness. Scavenger assemblages in highly human-impacted areas sustained the smallest number of scavenger species, suggesting human activity may be overriding other macroecological processes in shaping scavenger communities. Our results highlight the effect of human impact at a global scale. As species-rich assemblages tend to be more functional, we warn about possible reductions in ecosystem functions and the services provided by scavengers in human-dominated landscapes in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jomar Magalhães Barbosa
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan M Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Botella
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Pedro P Olea
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Mateo-Tomás
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Biodiversity Research Unit (UMIB), UO-CSIC-PA, Oviedo University, Mieres, Spain
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Hiraldo
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Eneko Arrondo
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José A Donázar
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Ainara Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Animal Ecology and Demography Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sergio A Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Bilogía de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Aishwarya Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Alexis Brewer
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - José D Anadón
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Erin Abernethy
- Integrative Biology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina
| | - Kelsey Turner
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina
| | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina
| | - Travis L DeVault
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Sandusky, Ohio
| | - Andrés Ordiz
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Camilla Wikenros
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Barbara Zimmermann
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Petter Wabakken
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Christopher C Wilmers
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Justine A Smith
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Darcy Ogada
- Ornithology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho
| | - Evan R Buechley
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- HawkWatch International, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ethan Frehner
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Heiko U Wittmer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Johan T du Toit
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - John Read
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Klemen Jerina
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Krofel
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Richard Inger
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Arockianathan Samson
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, The Nilgiris, India
| | - Lara Naves-Alegre
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
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Hennessy C, Tsai CC, Anderson SJ, Zollner PA, Rhodes OE. What's stopping you? Variability of interstate highways as barriers for four species of terrestrial rodents. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Hennessy
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 W State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Chia-Chun Tsai
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 W State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Sara J. Anderson
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 W State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Patrick A. Zollner
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 W State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 W State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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Hill JE, DeVault TL, Beasley JC, Rhodes OE, Belant JL. Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2518-2526. [PMID: 29531672 PMCID: PMC5838040 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vultures provide an essential ecosystem service through removal of carrion, but globally, many populations are collapsing and several species are threatened with extinction. Widespread declines in vulture populations could increase the availability of carrion to other organisms, but the ways facultative scavengers might respond to this increase have not been thoroughly explored. We aimed to determine whether facultative scavengers increase carrion consumption in the absence of vulture competition and whether they are capable of functionally replacing vultures in the removal of carrion biomass from the landscape. We experimentally excluded 65 rabbit carcasses from vultures during daylight hours and placed an additional 65 carcasses that were accessible to vultures in forested habitat in South Carolina, USA during summer (June-August). We used motion-activated cameras to compare carrion use by facultative scavenging species between the experimental and control carcasses. Scavenging by facultative scavengers did not increase in the absence of competition with vultures. We found no difference in scavenger presence between control carcasses and those from which vultures were excluded. Eighty percent of carcasses from which vultures were excluded were not scavenged by vertebrates, compared to 5% of carcasses that were accessible to vultures. At the end of the 7-day trials, there was a 10.1-fold increase in the number of experimental carcasses that were not fully scavenged compared to controls. Facultative scavengers did not functionally replace vultures during summer in our study. This finding may have been influenced by the time of the year in which the study took place, the duration of the trials, and the spacing of carcass sites. Our results suggest that under the warm and humid conditions of our study, facultative scavengers would not compensate for loss of vultures. Carcasses would persist longer in the environment and consumption of carrion would likely shift from vertebrates to decomposers. Such changes could have substantial implications for disease transmission, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Hill
- Carnivore Ecology LaboratoryForest and Wildlife Research CenterMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA
| | - Travis L. DeVault
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceWildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterU.S. Department of AgricultureSanduskyOHUSA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSCUSA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSCUSA
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Carnivore Ecology LaboratoryForest and Wildlife Research CenterMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA
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Webster SC, Cunningham FL, Kilgo JC, Vukovich M, Rhodes OE, Beasley JC. Effective dose and persistence of Rhodamine‐B in wild pig Vibrissae. WILDLIFE SOC B 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Webster
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryWarnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Fred L. Cunningham
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceWildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research Center125 Stone Boulevard, Scales BuildingMississippi StateMS39762USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- United States Department of AgricultureUnited States Forest Service Southern Research StationP.O. Box 700, New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- United States Department of AgricultureUnited States Forest Service Southern Research StationP.O. Box 700, New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryOdum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryWarnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
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Abernethy EF, Turner KL, Beasley JC, Rhodes OE. Scavenging along an ecological interface: utilization of amphibian and reptile carcasses around isolated wetlands. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin F. Abernethy
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
- Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
| | - Kelsey L. Turner
- Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
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Hapeman P, Latch EK, Rhodes OE, Swanson B, Kilpatrick CW. Genetic population structure of fishers (Pekania pennanti) in the Great Lakes region: remnants and reintroductions. CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reintroduction programs have been pivotal in augmenting populations of fishers (Pekania pennanti (Erxleben, 1777)) and re-establishing them to their former range in North America. The majority of reintroduction efforts in fishers have been considered demographically successful, but reintroductions can alter genetic population structure and success has rarely been evaluated in fishers from a genetic standpoint. We used microsatellite data (n = 169) to examine genetic population structure of fishers in the Great Lakes region and comment on the success of past reintroductions at two different spatial scales. We found significant genetic population structure among source and reintroduced populations within the Great Lakes region and large-scale genetic structure between fisher populations located in two geographically distant regions (Great Lakes and Northeast) in the eastern United States. Reintroductions associated with the Great Lakes produced results that were largely consistent with other studies of fisher reintroductions in the Northeast. However, our data are the first to support a measurable impact on genetic population structure in Pekania pennanti pennanti (Erxleben, 1777) from a reintroduction using geographically distant source and reintroduced populations. When feasible, we strongly recommend that reintroduction programs include an investigation of the underlying genetic structure to better define intended goals and supplement measures of demographic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hapeman
- Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, USA
| | - Emily K. Latch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, 3209 North Maryland Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3102, USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Brad Swanson
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 05405-0086, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Turner
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Box Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
- University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Box Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
| | - Erin F. Abernethy
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Box Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
- University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Box Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
| | - L. Mike Conner
- Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center 3988 Jones Center Drive Newton Georgia 39870 USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Box Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
- University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Box Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Box Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
- University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Box Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
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Schlichting PE, Holland AE, Beasley JC, Bryan AL, Kennamer RA, DeVault TL, Blackwell BF, Rhodes OE. Efficacy of an acoustic hailing device as an avian dispersal tool. WILDLIFE SOC B 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Schlichting
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Amanda E. Holland
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Albert L. Bryan
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Robert A. Kennamer
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Travis L. DeVault
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research CenterOhio Field Station, 6100 Columbus AvenueSanduskyOH44870USA
| | - Bradley F. Blackwell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research CenterOhio Field Station, 6100 Columbus AvenueSanduskyOH44870USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
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Keiter DA, Davis AJ, Rhodes OE, Cunningham FL, Kilgo JC, Pepin KM, Beasley JC. Effects of scale of movement, detection probability, and true population density on common methods of estimating population density. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9446. [PMID: 28842589 PMCID: PMC5573344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of population density is necessary for effective management and conservation of wildlife, yet rarely are estimators compared in their robustness to effects of ecological and observational processes, which can greatly influence accuracy and precision of density estimates. In this study, we simulate biological and observational processes using empirical data to assess effects of animal scale of movement, true population density, and probability of detection on common density estimators. We also apply common data collection and analytical techniques in the field and evaluate their ability to estimate density of a globally widespread species. We find that animal scale of movement had the greatest impact on accuracy of estimators, although all estimators suffered reduced performance when detection probability was low, and we provide recommendations as to when each field and analytical technique is most appropriately employed. The large influence of scale of movement on estimator accuracy emphasizes the importance of effective post-hoc calculation of area sampled or use of methods that implicitly account for spatial variation. In particular, scale of movement impacted estimators substantially, such that area covered and spacing of detectors (e.g. cameras, traps, etc.) must reflect movement characteristics of the focal species to reduce bias in estimates of movement and thus density.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Keiter
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
| | - Amy J Davis
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Odum School of Ecology, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - Fred L Cunningham
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi Field Station, PO Box 6099, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - John C Kilgo
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, PO Box 700, New Ellenton, SC, 29809, USA
| | - Kim M Pepin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationP.O. Box 700New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- University of GeorgiaSavannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSC29802USA
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Holland AE, Byrne ME, Bryan AL, DeVault TL, Rhodes OE, Beasley JC. Fine-scale assessment of home ranges and activity patterns for resident black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179819. [PMID: 28678813 PMCID: PMC5497974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of black vulture (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) spatial ecology is surprisingly limited despite their vital ecological roles. Fine-scale assessments of space use patterns and resource selection are particularly lacking, although development of tracking technologies has allowed data collection at finer temporal and spatial resolution. Objectives of this study were to conduct the first assessment of monthly home range and core area sizes of resident black and turkey vultures with consideration to sex, as well as elucidate differences in monthly, seasonal, and annual activity patterns based on fine-scale movement data analyses. We collected 2.8-million locations for 9 black and 9 turkey vultures from June 2013 –August 2015 using solar-powered GSM/GPS transmitters. We quantified home ranges and core areas using the dynamic Brownian bridge movement model and evaluated differences as a function of species, sex, and month. Mean monthly home ranges for turkey vultures were ~50% larger than those of black vultures, although mean core area sizes did not differ between species. Turkey vulture home ranges varied little across months, with exception to a notable reduction in space-use in May, which corresponds with timing of chick-rearing activities. Black vulture home ranges and core areas as well as turkey vulture core areas were larger in breeding season months (January–April). Comparison of space use between male and female vultures was only possible for black vultures, and space use was only slightly larger for females during breeding months (February–May). Analysis of activity patterns revealed turkey vultures spend more time in flight and switch motion states (between flight and stationary) more frequently than black vultures across temporal scales. This study reveals substantive variability in space use and activity rates between sympatric black and turkey vultures, providing insights into potential behavioral mechanisms contributing to niche differentiation between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Holland
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael E. Byrne
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - A. Lawrence Bryan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Travis L. DeVault
- USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center, Sandusky, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James C. Beasley
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
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Leberg PL, Smith MH, Rhodes OE. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HETEROZYGOSITY AND GROWTH OF DEER FETUSES IS NOT EXPLAINED BY EFFECTS OF THE LOCI EXAMINED. Evolution 2017; 44:454-458. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/1988] [Accepted: 12/06/1989] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Leberg
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; Drawer E; Aiken SC 29802
| | - Michael H. Smith
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; Drawer E; Aiken SC 29802
- Departments of Genetics and Zoology, School of Forest Resources Institute of Ecology; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Department of Range and Wildlife; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX 79409
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Abernethy EF, Turner KL, Beasley JC, DeVault TL, Pitt WC, Rhodes OE. Carcasses of invasive species are predominantly utilized by invasive scavengers in an island ecosystem. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin F. Abernethy
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
- Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
| | - Kelsey L. Turner
- Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Travis L. DeVault
- USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center Sandusky Ohio 44870 USA
| | - William C. Pitt
- USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center Hilo Hawai'i 96720 USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
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Smith JB, Turner KL, Beasley JC, DeVault TL, Pitt WC, Rhodes OE. Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) population density and carcass locations following exposure to acetaminophen. Ecotoxicology 2016; 25:1556-1562. [PMID: 27604786 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass aerial delivery of dead mouse baits treated with acetaminophen has been evaluated as a means to reduce brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) populations over large areas, increasing the likelihood of wide-scale eradication on Guam. Given the high density of snakes in some areas of their invasive range, eradication efforts could result in a resource pulse that may influence food web dynamics and the indirect transport of acetaminophen among trophic levels. We evaluated abundance, habitat type, and snake size (i.e., age) within two study sites on Guam, a secondary limestone forest (upland) and an abandoned coconut plantation (coastal), to determine how experimentally dosing snakes with acetaminophen is likely to influence carrion availability. We found snakes trapped in 3.24 ha plots occurred in greater abundance (population size = 72.5 snakes; SE = 8.8) and were significantly larger (978.6 mm, SE = 14.9) in the coastal than in the upland site (population size = 26.9, SE = 21.5; length = 903.0 mm, SE = 15.9). Despite these differences, carcasses of snakes that died after consuming acetaminophen-laced mice (80 mg) were recovered in consistent locations between sites, with 92 % located on the ground, 4 % in trees, and 4 % found in rock cavities at both sites. Given that most snakes were found on the ground rather than in the tree canopy, our results suggest that many poisoned snake carcasses will be accessible to a wide range of potential scavengers, possibly influencing food web dynamics and potentially contributing to indirect toxicant transfer within affected ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Smith
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
| | - Kelsey L Turner
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Travis L DeVault
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH, USA
| | - William C Pitt
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Smyser TJ, Stauffer GE, Johnson SA, Hudson CM, Rhodes OE, Swihart RK. Annual survival of Allegheny woodrats in a nonequilibrium metapopulation. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kierepka EM, Anderson SJ, Swihart RK, Rhodes OE. Evaluating the influence of life-history characteristics on genetic structure: a comparison of small mammals inhabiting complex agricultural landscapes. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6376-96. [PMID: 27648250 PMCID: PMC5016657 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversion of formerly continuous native habitats into highly fragmented landscapes can lead to numerous negative demographic and genetic impacts on native taxa that ultimately reduce population viability. In response to concerns over biodiversity loss, numerous investigators have proposed that traits such as body size and ecological specialization influence the sensitivity of species to habitat fragmentation. In this study, we examined how differences in body size and ecological specialization of two rodents (eastern chipmunk; Tamias striatus and white‐footed mouse; Peromyscus leucopus) impact their genetic connectivity within the highly fragmented landscape of the Upper Wabash River Basin (UWB), Indiana, and evaluated whether landscape configuration and complexity influenced patterns of genetic structure similarly between these two species. The more specialized chipmunk exhibited dramatically more genetic structure across the UWB than white‐footed mice, with genetic differentiation being correlated with geographic distance, configuration of intervening habitats, and complexity of forested habitats within sampling sites. In contrast, the generalist white‐footed mouse resembled a panmictic population across the UWB, and no landscape factors were found to influence gene flow. Despite the extensive previous work in abundance and occupancy within the UWB, no landscape factor that influenced occupancy or abundance was correlated with genetic differentiation in either species. The difference in predictors of occupancy, abundance, and gene flow suggests that species‐specific responses to fragmentation are scale dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kierepka
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia PO Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802
| | - Sara J Anderson
- Biosciences Department Minnesota State University Moorhead 1104 7th Ave Moorhead Minnesota 56563
| | - Robert K Swihart
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University 715 W. State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia PO Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802
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Bréchignac F, Oughton D, Mays C, Barnthouse L, Beasley JC, Bonisoli-Alquati A, Bradshaw C, Brown J, Dray S, Geras'kin S, Glenn T, Higley K, Ishida K, Kapustka L, Kautsky U, Kuhne W, Lynch M, Mappes T, Mihok S, Møller AP, Mothersill C, Mousseau TA, Otaki JM, Pryakhin E, Rhodes OE, Salbu B, Strand P, Tsukada H. Addressing ecological effects of radiation on populations and ecosystems to improve protection of the environment against radiation: Agreed statements from a Consensus Symposium. J Environ Radioact 2016; 158-159:21-9. [PMID: 27058410 PMCID: PMC4976067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the output of a consensus symposium organized by the International Union of Radioecology in November 2015. The symposium gathered an academically diverse group of 30 scientists to consider the still debated ecological impact of radiation on populations and ecosystems. Stimulated by the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters' accidental contamination of the environment, there is increasing interest in developing environmental radiation protection frameworks. Scientific research conducted in a variety of laboratory and field settings has improved our knowledge of the effects of ionizing radiation on the environment. However, the results from such studies sometimes appear contradictory and there is disagreement about the implications for risk assessment. The Symposium discussions therefore focused on issues that might lead to different interpretations of the results, such as laboratory versus field approaches, organism versus population and ecosystemic inference strategies, dose estimation approaches and their significance under chronic exposure conditions. The participating scientists, from across the spectrum of disciplines and research areas, extending also beyond the traditional radioecology community, successfully developed a constructive spirit directed at understanding discrepancies. From the discussions, the group has derived seven consensus statements related to environmental protection against radiation, which are supplemented with some recommendations. Each of these statements is contextualized and discussed in view of contributing to the orientation and integration of future research, the results of which should yield better consensus on the ecological impact of radiation and consolidate suitable approaches for efficient radiological protection of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bréchignac
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Centre of Cadarache, BP 3, 13115 St Paul-lez-Durance, Cedex, France; International Union of Radioecology (IUR), Center of Cadarache, BP 3, 13115 St Paul-lez-Durance, Cedex, France.
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Aas, Norway.
| | - Claire Mays
- Institut Symlog de France, 262 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Lawrence Barnthouse
- LWB Environmental Services, Inc., 1620 New London Rd., Hamilton, OH 45013, USA.
| | - James C Beasley
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory & Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.
| | - Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Justin Brown
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), Østerås, Norway.
| | - Stéphane Dray
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, France; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | | | - Travis Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Kathy Higley
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ken Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Lawrence Kapustka
- LK Consultancy, P.O. Box 373, Turner Valley, Alberta T0L 2A0, Canada.
| | - Ulrik Kautsky
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., (SKB), P.O. Box 250, SE-101 24 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wendy Kuhne
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA.
| | - Michael Lynch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Steve Mihok
- 388 Church Street, Russell, Ontario K4R 1A8, Canada.
| | - Anders P Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex, France.
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Timothy A Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, and, the School of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Joji M Otaki
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Evgeny Pryakhin
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Vorovsky Str. 68a, 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL), Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.
| | - Brit Salbu
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Aas, Norway.
| | - Per Strand
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hirofumi Tsukada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
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Kierepka EM, Unger SD, Keiter DA, Beasley JC, Rhodes OE, Cunningham FL, Piaggio AJ. Identification of robust microsatellite markers for wild pig fecal DNA. J Wildl Manage 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shem D. Unger
- University of GeorgiaSavannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSC29802USA
| | - David A. Keiter
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryWarnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesAikenSC29802USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryWarnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesAikenSC29802USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- University of GeorgiaSavannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSC29802USA
| | - Fred L. Cunningham
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Mississippi Field Station, National Wildlife Research CenterWildlife ServicesPO Box 6099Mississippi StateMS39762USA
| | - Antoinette J. Piaggio
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research CenterWildlife Services4101 LaPorte AvenueFort CollinsCO80521USA
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Beatty WS, Beasley JC, Olson ZH, Rhodes OE. Influence of habitat attributes on density of Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in agricultural ecosystems. CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In agriculturally fragmented ecosystems, mesopredators play dominant roles in food webs through scavenging. We examined the influence of habitat attributes associated with carrion on local Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792) density in an agricultural landscape. We conducted opossum mark–recapture in 25 forest patches from 2005 to 2010, which represented the most extensive sampling of opossums to date. We analyzed mark–recapture data with a closed robust design and evaluated effects of landscape features linked to carrion on opossum density and female opossum density with generalized linear mixed-effects models. We included landscape-level (1481.6 m buffer) and patch-level covariates linked to carrion in addition to other covariates associated with high opossum densities. We developed a set of 19 candidate models and examined model fit with Akaike’s information criterion. The top model for opossum density included the density of adjoining roads, whereas the top model for female density included patch size, although the statistical null was a competing model in both cases. The long-distance dispersal capability and generalist diet of the opossum likely precluded us from detecting a definitive relationship between covariates and opossum density. The scale of effect for opossum density in agriculturally fragmented landscapes is likely larger than the spatial scales examined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Beatty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zachary H. Olson
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Keiter DA, Cunningham FL, Rhodes OE, Irwin BJ, Beasley JC. Optimization of Scat Detection Methods for a Social Ungulate, the Wild Pig, and Experimental Evaluation of Factors Affecting Detection of Scat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155615. [PMID: 27224453 PMCID: PMC4880348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Collection of scat samples is common in wildlife research, particularly for genetic capture-mark-recapture applications. Due to high degradation rates of genetic material in scat, large numbers of samples must be collected to generate robust estimates. Optimization of sampling approaches to account for taxa-specific patterns of scat deposition is, therefore, necessary to ensure sufficient sample collection. While scat collection methods have been widely studied in carnivores, research to maximize scat collection and noninvasive sampling efficiency for social ungulates is lacking. Further, environmental factors or scat morphology may influence detection of scat by observers. We contrasted performance of novel radial search protocols with existing adaptive cluster sampling protocols to quantify differences in observed amounts of wild pig (Sus scrofa) scat. We also evaluated the effects of environmental (percentage of vegetative ground cover and occurrence of rain immediately prior to sampling) and scat characteristics (fecal pellet size and number) on the detectability of scat by observers. We found that 15- and 20-m radial search protocols resulted in greater numbers of scats encountered than the previously used adaptive cluster sampling approach across habitat types, and that fecal pellet size, number of fecal pellets, percent vegetative ground cover, and recent rain events were significant predictors of scat detection. Our results suggest that use of a fixed-width radial search protocol may increase the number of scats detected for wild pigs, or other social ungulates, allowing more robust estimation of population metrics using noninvasive genetic sampling methods. Further, as fecal pellet size affected scat detection, juvenile or smaller-sized animals may be less detectable than adult or large animals, which could introduce bias into abundance estimates. Knowledge of relationships between environmental variables and scat detection may allow researchers to optimize sampling protocols to maximize utility of noninvasive sampling for wild pigs and other social ungulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Keiter
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fred L. Cunningham
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Irwin
- U. S. Geological Survey, Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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44
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Dharmarajan G, Beasley JC, Beatty WS, Olson ZH, Fike JA, Rhodes OE. Genetic co‐structuring in host‐parasite systems: Empirical data from raccoons and raccoon ticks. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guha Dharmarajan
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research – Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - James C. Beasley
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryWarnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
| | - William S. Beatty
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Alaska Science CenterUnited States Geological Survey Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA
| | - Zachary H. Olson
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- University of New England Biddeford Maine 04005 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Fike
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryOdum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
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Abstract
Scavengers and decomposers provide an important ecosystem service by removing carrion from the environment. Scavenging and decomposition are known to be temperature-dependent, but less is known about other factors that might affect carrion removal. We conducted an experiment in which we manipulated combinations of patch connectivity and carcass type, and measured responses by local scavenger guilds along with aspects of carcass depletion. We conducted twelve, 1-month trials in which five raccoon (Procyon lotor), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus spp.) carcasses (180 trials total) were monitored using remote cameras in 21 forest patches in north-central Indiana, USA. Of 143 trials with complete data, we identified fifteen species of vertebrate scavengers divided evenly among mammalian (N = 8) and avian species (N = 7). Fourteen carcasses (9.8%) were completely consumed by invertebrates, vertebrates exhibited scavenging behavior at 125 carcasses (87.4%), and four carcasses (2.8%) remained unexploited. Among vertebrates, mammals scavenged 106 carcasses, birds scavenged 88 carcasses, and mammals and birds scavenged 69 carcasses. Contrary to our expectations, carcass type affected the assemblage of local scavenger guilds more than patch connectivity. However, neither carcass type nor connectivity explained variation in temporal measures of carcass removal. Interestingly, increasing richness of local vertebrate scavenger guilds contributed moderately to rates of carrion removal (≈6% per species increase in richness). We conclude that scavenger-specific differences in carrion utilization exist among carcass types and that reliable delivery of carrion removal as an ecosystem service may depend on robust vertebrate and invertebrate communities acting synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary H. Olson
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Anderson SJ, Kierepka EM, Swihart RK, Latch EK, Rhodes OE. Assessing the permeability of landscape features to animal movement: using genetic structure to infer functional connectivity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117500. [PMID: 25719366 PMCID: PMC4342345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-altered environments often challenge native species with a complex spatial distribution of resources. Hostile landscape features can inhibit animal movement (i.e., genetic exchange), while other landscape attributes facilitate gene flow. The genetic attributes of organisms inhabiting such complex environments can reveal the legacy of their movements through the landscape. Thus, by evaluating landscape attributes within the context of genetic connectivity of organisms within the landscape, we can elucidate how a species has coped with the enhanced complexity of human altered environments. In this research, we utilized genetic data from eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) in conjunction with spatially explicit habitat attribute data to evaluate the realized permeability of various landscape elements in a fragmented agricultural ecosystem. To accomplish this we 1) used logistic regression to evaluate whether land cover attributes were most often associated with the matrix between or habitat within genetically identified populations across the landscape, and 2) utilized spatially explicit habitat attribute data to predict genetically-derived Bayesian probabilities of population membership of individual chipmunks in an agricultural ecosystem. Consistency between the results of the two approaches with regard to facilitators and inhibitors of gene flow in the landscape indicate that this is a promising new way to utilize both landscape and genetic data to gain a deeper understanding of human-altered ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Anderson
- Biosciences Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7 Ave, Moorhead, MN, 56563, United States of America
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 715 W. State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Kierepka
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 N. Maryland Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53024, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Swihart
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 715 W. State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States of America
| | - Emily K. Latch
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 N. Maryland Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53024, United States of America
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 715 W. State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States of America
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, United States of America
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Beasley J, Webster SC, Rhodes OE, Cunningham FL. Evaluation of Rhodamine B as a biomarker for assessing bait acceptance in wild pigs. WILDLIFE SOC B 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Sarah C. Webster
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Fred L. Cunningham
- United States Department of AgricultureAnimal Plant Health Inspection ServiceWildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research Center125 Stone BoulevardScales BuildingMississippi StateMS39762USA
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48
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Hennessy C, Tsai CC, Beasley JC, Beatty WS, Zollner PA, Rhodes OE. Elucidation of population connectivity in synanthropic mesopredators: Using genes to define relevant spatial scales for management of raccoons and Virginia opossums. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Hennessy
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 W State Street West Lafayette 47907 IN USA
| | - Chia-Chun Tsai
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 W State Street West Lafayette 47907 IN USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Lab; University of Georgia; Drawer E Aiken 29802 SC USA
| | - William S. Beatty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 W State Street West Lafayette 47907 IN USA
| | - Patrick A. Zollner
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 W State Street West Lafayette 47907 IN USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Lab; University of Georgia; Drawer E Aiken 29802 SC USA
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Latch EK, Reding DM, Heffelfinger JR, Alcalá-Galván CH, Rhodes OE. Range-wide analysis of genetic structure in a widespread, highly mobile species (Odocoileus hemionus) reveals the importance of historical biogeography. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:3171-90. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Latch
- Department of Biological Sciences; Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Research Group; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; 3209 N. Maryland Ave. Milwaukee WI 53211 USA
| | - Dawn M. Reding
- Department of Biology; Luther College; 700 College Dr. Decorah IA 52101 USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology; Iowa State University; 251 Bessey Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | | | - Carlos H. Alcalá-Galván
- DICTUS-Universidad de Sonora; Blvd; Edif. 7H. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, Col. Centro Hermosillo Sonora 83100 México
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; PO Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
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Hapeman P, Latch EK, Rhodes OE, Kilpatrick CW. When recent and evolutionary histories meet: deciphering temporal events from contemporary patterns of mtDNA from fishers (Martes pennanti
) in north-eastern North America. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hapeman
- Department of Biology; Central Connecticut State University; New Britain CT USA
| | - Emily K. Latch
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; University of Georgia; P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
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