Concurrent Vibrio cholerae O1 Meningitis and Intracranial Lesions in a Patient With Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report

Cholera meningitis is a rare complication of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) infection. We present a case of cholera meningitis caused by toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in a 34-year-old male with sickle cell disease (SCD). The patient presented with fever, diarrhea, and altered mental status. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed 5,231 cells/μL (53.9% neutrophils), a protein level of 462 mg/dL, and a glycorrhachia level of 26 mg/dL. V. cholerae O1 was isolated on CSF culture. Despite the patient undergoing antimicrobial therapy, brain imaging revealed basal ganglia ring-enhancing lesions suggestive of tuberculomas. Antituberculosis treatment and steroids led to clinical improvement. This report highlights the need to consider V. cholerae meningitis in patients with SCD who present with diarrhea and altered mental status. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are keys to improving patient outcomes.

Prevalence of Risk Factors Among Patients With Glaucoma in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Objective The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of risk factors among patients with glaucoma in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods  This cross-sectional study was conducted on 215 patients diagnosed with glaucoma in the period between March 2022 and August 2022 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We used the participants' medical records and contacted the patients to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics and known risk factors of glaucoma. Results Among the 215 patients with glaucoma, 142 (66.0%) patients had open-angle glaucoma, 15 (7.0%) patients had closed-angle glaucoma, and 58 (27.0%) patients had congenital glaucoma. Among the patients with open-angle glaucoma, 122 (85.9%) patients were aged > 40 years, and 99 (69.7%) patients had myopia. Among the patients with closed-angle glaucoma, 13 (86.7%) patients had hyperopia and 10 (66.7%) patients were aged > 60 years. Among the patients with congenital glaucoma, 21 (36.2%) patients had a family history of congenital glaucoma and 28 (48.3%) patients had consanguine parents.  Conclusion The prevalence of advanced age, hyperopia, and consanguine parents was the highest among patients with open-angle glaucoma, closed-angle glaucoma, and congenital glaucoma, respectively. These findings could inform public health policies among practitioners involved in ophthalmological care.