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Lang F, Cornwell JA, Kaur K, Elmogazy O, Zhang W, Zhang M, Song H, Sun Z, Wu X, Aladjem MI, Aregger M, Cappell SD, Yang C. Abrogation of the G2/M checkpoint as a chemo sensitization approach for alkylating agents. Neuro Oncol 2023:noad252. [PMID: 38134889 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell cycle is tightly regulated by checkpoints, playing a vital role in controlling its progression and timing. Cancer cells exploit the G2/M checkpoint, which serves as a resistance mechanism against genotoxic anti-cancer treatments, allowing for DNA repair prior to cell division. Manipulating cell cycle timing has emerged as a potential strategy to augment the effectiveness of DNA damage-based therapies. METHODS In this study, we conducted a forward genome wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening with repeated exposure to the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) to investigate the mechanisms underlying tumor cell survival under genotoxic stress. RESULTS Our findings revealed that canonical DNA repair pathways, including ATM/Fanconi and mismatch repair, determine cell fate under genotoxic stress. Notably, we identified the critical role of PKMYT1, in ensuring cell survival. Depletion of PKMYT1 led to overwhelming TMZ-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Isobologram analysis demonstrated potent drug synergy between alkylating agents and a Myt1 kinase inhibitor, RP-6306. Mechanistically, inhibiting Myt1 forced G2/M-arrested cells into an unscheduled transition to the mitotic phase without complete resolution of DNA damage. This forced entry into mitosis, along with persistent DNA damage, resulted in severe mitotic abnormalities. Ultimately, these aberrations led to mitotic exit with substantial apoptosis. Preclinical animal studies demonstrated that the combination regimen involving TMZ and RP-6306 prolonged the overall survival of glioma-bearing mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of targeting cell cycle timing through Myt1 inhibition as an effective strategy to enhance the efficacy of current standard cancer therapies, potentially leading to improved disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Lang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - James A Cornwell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Karambir Kaur
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Omar Elmogazy
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Meili Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Zhonghe Sun
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, MD
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, MD
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Michael Aregger
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Steven D Cappell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD
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Kumarapuram S, Yu R, Manchiraju P, Attard C, Escamilla J, Navin A, Khuroo M, Elmogazy O, Gupta G, Sun H, Roychowdhury S. Applying Shear Wave and Magnetic Resonance Elastography to Grade Brain Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:e147-e155. [PMID: 37442538 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports find that magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) can classify intracranial tumors according to stiffness. However, systematic syntheses of these articles are lacking. In this report, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate whether SWE and MRE can predict meningioma and glioma grades. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were searched between February 10, 2022. and March 2, 2022. using manual search criteria. Eight out of 106 non-duplicate records were included, encompassing 84 patients with low-grade tumors (age 42 ± 13 years, 71% female) and 92 patients with high-grade tumors (age 50 ± 13 years, 42% female). Standardized mean difference in stiffness between high-grade and low-grade tumors were measured using a forest plot. The I2, χ2, and t tests were performed, and bubble plots were constructed to measure heterogeneity. An adapted QUADAS-2 scale evaluated study quality. Additionally, a funnel plot was constructed, and an Egger's intercept test determined study bias. RESULTS Low-grade tumors were stiffer than high-grade tumors (Cohen's D = -1.25; 95% CI -1.88, -0.62). Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 67%; P = 0.006) but controlling for publication year (I2 = 0.2%) and age (I2 = 0.0%-17%) reduced heterogeneity. Included studies revealed unclear or high bias for the reference standard and flow and timing (>50%). CONCLUSIONS Elastography techniques have potential to grade tumors intraoperatively and postoperatively. More studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Kumarapuram
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Richard Yu
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pranav Manchiraju
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Casey Attard
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer Escamilla
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Apurva Navin
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mohammad Khuroo
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Omar Elmogazy
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hai Sun
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sudipta Roychowdhury
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Kumarapuram S, Elmogazy O, Mokhtari P, Goldstein I, Tayebi Meybodi A. Do overlapping neurosurgical procedures affect patient outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:92. [PMID: 37072635 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-01993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping surgery (OS) is a common practice in neurosurgery that has recently come under scrutiny. This study includes a systematic review and meta-analysis on articles evaluating the effects of OS on patient outcomes. PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies that analyzed outcome differences between overlapping and non-overlapping neurosurgical procedures. Study characteristics were extracted, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to analyze the primary outcome (mortality) and secondary outcomes (complications, 30-day readmissions, 30-day operating room returns, home discharge, blood loss, and length of stay). Mantel-Haenszel tests were completed for binary outcomes, whereas the inverse variance tests were conducted for continuous outcomes. Heterogeneity was measured using the I2 and X2 tests. The Egger's test was conducted to evaluate publication bias. Eight of 61 non-duplicate studies were included. Overall, 21,249 patients underwent non-OS (10,504 female) and 15,863 patients underwent OS (8393 female). OS was associated with decreased mortality (p = 0.002), 30-day returns to OR (p < 0.001), and blood loss (p < 0.001) along with increased home discharges (p < 0.001). High heterogeneity was observed for home discharge (p = 0.002) and length of stay (p < 0.001). No publication bias was observed. OS was not associated with worse patient outcomes compared to non-OS. However, considering multiple sources of limitation in the methodology of the included studies (such as limited number of studies, reports originating from mostly high-volume academic centers, discrepancy in the definition of "critical portion(s)" of the surgery across studies, and selection bias), extra caution is advised in interpretation of our results and further focused studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Kumarapuram
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Pooneh Mokhtari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ira Goldstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ali Tayebi Meybodi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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