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Pasquier G, Doyen P, Chaïb I, Amara R. Do tidal fluctuations affect microplastics distribution and composition in coastal waters? Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 200:116166. [PMID: 38377863 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The hydro-meteorological conditions in marine environments are recognized to have a major impact on the transport and dispersion of microplastics (MP), although their precise effects remain poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of tidal fluctuations on MP abundance and composition in a megatidal coastal water. Waters samples were collected every ninety minutes over the course of two complete tidal cycles - one during spring tide and another during neap tide. There were no significant disparities in term of abondance, size, and composition of MPs between the samples collected during the two tidal cycles. Nevertheless, MP abundance and characteristics (morphology, size and polymer types) can be influenced over the course of a complete tidal cycle due to the impact of tidal currents and water height. This study highlights the need to consider the fluctuations of the tidal cycle when planning in-situ surveys to better assess MP pollution in coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pasquier
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Périne Doyen
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Iseline Chaïb
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Rachid Amara
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France.
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Sawan R, Doyen P, Viudes F, Amara R, Mahfouz C. Microplastic inputs to the Mediterranean Sea during wet and dry seasons: The case of two Lebanese coastal outlets. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 198:115781. [PMID: 38000265 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have highlighted the impact of urbanization and meteorological events on the quantity of microplastics (MPs) discharged into the sea through rivers. To evaluate this issue in the Mediterranean Basin, surface water samples were collected from two more or less urbanized Lebanese Rivers: the Nahr Ibrahim (S1) and the Nahr Antelias (S2), during dry and wet periods. A significant higher abundance of 14.02 ± 9.8 particles/L was reported in the most industrialized river S2 compared to 1.73 ± 1.38 particles/L at S1. A correlation was found between particle contamination and the season at each site. Our results indicate that the MP concentrations were highest on the first sampling day of the wet season and tended to decrease progressively with increasing cumulative precipitation. Some polymers were identified only during one season. Meteorological events should be taken more specifically into account in order to define the influx of plastic pollution into coastal waters more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sawan
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France; National Center for Marine Sciences, CNRS-L, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Périne Doyen
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Florence Viudes
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Rachid Amara
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Céline Mahfouz
- National Center for Marine Sciences, CNRS-L, Beirut, Lebanon
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Pasquier G, Doyen P, Dehaut A, Veillet G, Duflos G, Amara R. Vertical distribution of microplastics in a river water column using an innovative sampling method. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1302. [PMID: 37828146 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to limitations of sampling methods, subsurface water is usually a less well-investigated compartment of the water column when scientists assess microplastic contamination. In this study, microplastic (MP) contamination was assessed in a freshwater river both in surface and subsurface using an innovative sampling method. Microplastic contamination in the lower part of the water column, i.e., near-bottom water and in sediments, was also studied. Three sampling campaigns were carried out during different weather conditions: stormy, rainy, and dry in order to observe their influence on the microplastics vertical distribution. No significant difference was observed between the abundance and types of MPs in surface and subsurface water. The proportion of polymer with theoretical density < 1 (polypropylene d = 0.9, polyethylene d = 0.91-0.95) and polystyrene (d = 0.1-1.06) in the surface and subsurface samples was 73.5%, and this proportion drops to 40.8% for the samples located in the near-bottom water and the sediments. Our results indicate that the MP concentration of the different compartments analyzed can be significantly influenced by rainfall during and prior to the sampling day. This study highlights that in shallow rivers, surface water sampling is representative of the water column MP contamination, but that sampling without taking environmental conditions into account may lead to erroneous estimation of MPs concentration and flux entering the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pasquier
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187-LOG-Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930, Wimereux, France.
| | - Périne Doyen
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, 62200, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- ANSES-Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Veillet
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187-LOG-Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES-Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Rachid Amara
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187-LOG-Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930, Wimereux, France
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Akoueson F, Paul-Pont I, Tallec K, Huvet A, Doyen P, Dehaut A, Duflos G. Additives in polypropylene and polylactic acid food packaging: Chemical analysis and bioassays provide complementary tools for risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159318. [PMID: 36220465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic food packaging represents 40 % of the plastic production worldwide and belongs to the 10 most commonly found items in aquatic environments. They are characterized by high additives contents with >4000 formulations available on the market. Thus they can release their constitutive chemicals (i.e. additives) into the surrounding environment, contributing to chemical pollution in aquatic systems and to contamination of marine organism up to the point of questioning the health of the consumer. In this context, the chemical and toxicological profiles of two types of polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) food packaging were investigated, using in vitro bioassays and target gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses. Plastic additives quantification was performed both on the raw materials, and on the material leachates after 5 days of lixiviation in filtered natural seawater. The results showed that all samples (raw materials and leachates) contained additive compounds (e.g. phthalates plasticizers, phosphorous flame retardants, antioxidants and UV-stabilizers). Differences in the number and concentration of additives between polymers and suppliers were also pointed out, indicating that the chemical signature cannot be generalized to a polymer and is rather product dependent. Nevertheless, no significant toxic effects was observed upon exposure to the leachates in two short-term bioassays targeting baseline toxicity (Microtox® test) and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas fertilization success and embryo-larval development. Overall, this study demonstrates that both petrochemical and bio-based food containers contain harmful additives and that it is not possible to predict material toxicity solely based on chemical analysis. Additionally, it highlights the complexity to assess and comprehend the additive content of plastic packaging due to the variability of their composition, suggesting that more transparency in polymer formulations is required to properly address the risk associated with such materials during their use and end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleurine Akoueson
- ANSES - LSAl, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.; Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, EA 7394, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Uni. Liège, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Kévin Tallec
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France; Cedre, 715 rue Alain Colas, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Périne Doyen
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, EA 7394, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Uni. Liège, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- ANSES - LSAl, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES - LSAl, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France..
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Akoueson F, Chbib C, Monchy S, Paul-Pont I, Doyen P, Dehaut A, Duflos G. Identification and quantification of plastic additives using pyrolysis-GC/MS: A review. Sci Total Environ 2021; 773:145073. [PMID: 33592462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of organic plastic additives (OPAs) associated to plastic polymers is growing. The current review outlines the characteristics and the development of (multi-step) pyrolysis coupled with a gas chromatography mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) for the identification and semi-quantification of OPAs. Compared to traditional methods, Py-GC/MS offers advantages like suppressing extensive steps of preparation, limiting contamination due to solvents and the possibility to analyse minute particles. Its key advantage is the successive analysis of OPAs and the polymeric matrix of the same sample. Based on the studied articles, numerous methods have been described allowing identification and, in some case, semi-quantification of OPAs. There is nevertheless no gold standard method, especially given the huge diversity of OPAs and the risks of interferences with polymers or other additives, but, among other parameters, a consensus temperature seems to arise from studies. More broadly, this review also explores many aspects on the sample preparation like weight and size of particles and calibration strategies. After studying the various works, some development prospects emerge and it appears that methodological developments should focus on better characterizing the limits of the methods in order to consider which OPAs can be quantified and in which polymers this is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleurine Akoueson
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France; Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, EA 7394, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Uni. Liège, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Chaza Chbib
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Sébastien Monchy
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Périne Doyen
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, EA 7394, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Uni. Liège, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES - Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
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Doyen P, Hermabessiere L, Dehaut A, Himber C, Decodts M, Degraeve T, Delord L, Gaboriaud M, Moné P, Sacco J, Tavernier E, Grard T, Duflos G. Occurrence and identification of microplastics in beach sediments from the Hauts-de-France region. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:28010-28021. [PMID: 31352600 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work was carried out to quantify microplastics (MP) from three sandy beaches along the Côte d'Opale coastline located in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. Three different study sites located along the English Channel were investigated due to different levels of anthropopression and hydrodynamic conditions. Sediments were collected at three different tide lines: high tide line (HTL), middle of the intertidal zone (IZ), and low tide line (LTL), to investigate the effects of tide line on microplastic contamination. Particles and fibers were counted and colors were recorded; polymer identification was then performed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Particle and fiber abundances ranged from 23.4 ± 18.9 to 69.3 ± 30.6 items kg-1 dry weight sediment, with a trend towards fiber predominance, were observed. No difference in particle and fiber abundance was found between the different beaches and tide lines, except for Boulogne-sur-Mer, where the particle number was significantly different between tide lines. Major polymers identified were polyethylene (36.6%) and polypropylene (10.7%). This citizen science project provided preliminary data about the abundance and polymeric nature of MP along the Côte d'Opale coastline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Périne Doyen
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, USC Anses, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
- IUT Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Ludovic Hermabessiere
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Charlotte Himber
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Marion Decodts
- IUT Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Thiefaine Degraeve
- IUT Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Léna Delord
- IUT Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Marie Gaboriaud
- IUT Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pauline Moné
- IUT Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jade Sacco
- IUT Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Eric Tavernier
- IUT Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Thierry Grard
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, USC Anses, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- Anses, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Marlard S, Doyen P, Grard T. Rapid Multiparameters Approach to Differentiate Fresh Skinless Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Fillets from Frozen-Thawed Ones. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1572257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Marlard
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Convention ANSES, EA 7394, ICV – Institut Charles Viollette, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- INRA, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- ISA, Lille, France
- University of Artois, Arras, France
| | - Périne Doyen
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Convention ANSES, EA 7394, ICV – Institut Charles Viollette, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Thierry Grard
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Convention ANSES, EA 7394, ICV – Institut Charles Viollette, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Bojolly D, Doyen P, Le Fur B, Christaki U, Verrez-Bagnis V, Grard T. Development of a qPCR Method for the Identification and Quantification of Two Closely Related Tuna Species, Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus) and Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares), in Canned Tuna. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:913-920. [PMID: 28085274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are among the most widely used tuna species for canning purposes. Not only substitution but also mixing of tuna species is prohibited by the European regulation for canned tuna products. However, as juveniles of bigeye and yellowfin tunas are very difficult to distinguish, unintentional substitutions may occur during the canning process. In this study, two mitochondrial markers from NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II genes were used to identify bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna, respectively, utilizing TaqMan qPCR methodology. Two different qPCR-based methods were developed to quantify the percentage of flesh of each species used for can processing. The first one was based on absolute quantification using standard curves realized with these two markers; the second one was founded on relative quantification with the universal 12S rRNA gene as the endogenous gene. On the basis of our results, we conclude that our methodology could be applied to authenticate these two closely related tuna species when used in a binary mix in tuna cans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daline Bojolly
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, USC Anses - ULCO, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 (ULCO, Lille 1, CNRS) , 62930 Wimereux, France
- PFINV , F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Périne Doyen
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, USC Anses - ULCO, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Artois , F-62000 Arras, France
- INRA , France
- ISA , F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Urania Christaki
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 (ULCO, Lille 1, CNRS) , 62930 Wimereux, France
| | | | - Thierry Grard
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale , EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, USC Anses - ULCO, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Artois , F-62000 Arras, France
- INRA , France
- ISA , F-59000 Lille, France
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9
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Delcenserie V, Taminiau B, Delhalle L, Nezer C, Doyen P, Crevecoeur S, Roussey D, Korsak N, Daube G. Microbiota characterization of a Belgian protected designation of origin cheese, Herve cheese, using metagenomic analysis. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6046-56. [PMID: 25064656 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Herve cheese is a Belgian soft cheese with a washed rind, and is made from raw or pasteurized milk. The specific microbiota of this cheese has never previously been fully explored and the use of raw or pasteurized milk in addition to starters is assumed to affect the microbiota of the rind and the heart. The aim of the study was to analyze the bacterial microbiota of Herve cheese using classical microbiology and a metagenomic approach based on 16S ribosomal DNA pyrosequencing. Using classical microbiology, the total counts of bacteria were comparable for the 11 samples of tested raw and pasteurized milk cheeses, reaching almost 8 log cfu/g. Using the metagenomic approach, 207 different phylotypes were identified. The rind of both the raw and pasteurized milk cheeses was found to be highly diversified. However, 96.3 and 97.9% of the total microbiota of the raw milk and pasteurized cheese rind, respectively, were composed of species present in both types of cheese, such as Corynebacterium casei, Psychrobacter spp., Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, Staphylococcus equorum, Vagococcus salmoninarum, and other species present at levels below 5%. Brevibacterium linens were present at low levels (0.5 and 1.6%, respectively) on the rind of both the raw and the pasteurized milk cheeses, even though this bacterium had been inoculated during the manufacturing process. Interestingly, Psychroflexus casei, also described as giving a red smear to Raclette-type cheese, was identified in small proportions in the composition of the rind of both the raw and pasteurized milk cheeses (0.17 and 0.5%, respectively). In the heart of the cheeses, the common species of bacteria reached more than 99%. The main species identified were Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, Psychrobacter spp., and Staphylococcus equorum ssp. equorum. Interestingly, 93 phylotypes were present only in the raw milk cheeses and 29 only in the pasteurized milk cheeses, showing the high diversity of the microbiota. Corynebacterium casei and Enterococcus faecalis were more prevalent in the raw milk cheeses, whereas Psychrobacter celer was present in the pasteurized milk cheeses. However, this specific microbiota represented a low proportion of the cheese microbiota. This study demonstrated that Herve cheese microbiota is rich and that pasteurized milk cheeses are microbiologically very close to raw milk cheeses, probably due to the similar manufacturing process. The characterization of the microbiota of this particular protected designation of origin cheese was useful in enabling us to gain a better knowledge of the bacteria responsible for the character of this cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Delcenserie
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B43b Liège, B-4000 Belgium.
| | - B Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B43b Liège, B-4000 Belgium
| | - L Delhalle
- Quality Partner S.A., Rue Hayeneux, 62 4040 Herstal, Belgium
| | - C Nezer
- Quality Partner S.A., Rue Hayeneux, 62 4040 Herstal, Belgium
| | - P Doyen
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B43b Liège, B-4000 Belgium
| | - S Crevecoeur
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B43b Liège, B-4000 Belgium
| | - D Roussey
- Herve Société, Rue de Charneux, 4650 Herve, Belgium
| | - N Korsak
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B43b Liège, B-4000 Belgium
| | - G Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B43b Liège, B-4000 Belgium
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10
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Doyen P, Rodius F, L'hoste L, Hoffmann L, Cauchie HM. Identification and mRNA expression of pi-class glutathione S-transferase and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in the gudgeon Gobio gobio exposed to PCB 77. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:300-6. [PMID: 21983335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In aquatic environments some pollutants are present in water and sediments and organisms possess cellular detoxification systems to face up these xenobiotics. The gudgeon, Gobio gobio, is a freshwater benthopelagic fish that appears particularly adequate for an ecotoxicological assessment of rivers. The aim of this study was the identification of GST and GPx genes in this organism in order to develop new indicators of early exposure to xenobiotics in aquatic environments. Reverse-transcription PCR using degenerate primers and RACE-PCR allowed us to identify a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), belonging to the class one (GPx-1), and a pi-class glutathione S-transferase (pi-GST) cDNAs. These sequences encoded for 191 and 208 amino acids proteins respectively, they exhibit high identities and similarities with corresponding proteins in other fish and the residues essential to the enzymatic functions are highly conserved. The expression patterns of these two mRNA were established by real-time PCR in five gudgeon tissues: liver, gills, kidney, spleen and muscle. The mRNA levels of these genes were highest in the liver and their expression in the other tissues exhibited some differences. Gudgeons exposed to PCB 77 in the food exhibited an increase in pi-GST mRNA and a decrease in GPx-1 transcripts levels in the liver. However, no modification of the enzymatic activities was observed. The present study provides the first transcriptional data regarding pi-GST and GPx-1 in the gudgeon Gobio gobio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Périne Doyen
- Department, Environment and Agro-biotechnologies, Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Bigot A, Doyen P, Vasseur P, Rodius F. Metallothionein coding sequence identification and seasonal mRNA expression of detoxification genes in the bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2009; 72:382-387. [PMID: 18550164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify a metallothionein (MT) coding sequence from the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea and to measure the seasonal transcriptional pattern of MT in parallel with several detoxification genes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), in the digestive gland and the gills of this bivalve during a 1-year period. We identified a C. fluminea MT complete cDNA sequence using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR. The amino acid sequence deduced from the coding sequence encodes for a protein of 73 amino acids containing 21 cysteine residues. This protein exhibits high identities and similarities with the MT sequences of numerous bivalves. MT, SOD, CAT, pi-GST and Se-GPx expression patterns did not exhibit major seasonal variations. A slight increase of MT was observed in July. Therefore, the mRNA expression of these five genes could be used as biomarkers for monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bigot
- Lab. I.E.B.E-CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Metz, Rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
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12
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Doyen P, Bigot A, Vasseur P, Rodius F. Molecular cloning and expression study of pi-class glutathione S-transferase (pi-GST) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) transcripts in the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:69-77. [PMID: 17827073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are essential components of cellular detoxification systems. We identified GST and GPx transcripts in the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha, their full-length coding sequences were obtained by reverse-transcription PCR using degenerated primers followed by 5' and 3' RACE-PCR (rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR). The cDNA identified encoded proteins of 205 and 243 amino acids corresponding respectively to a pi-class GST and a selenium-dependent GPx. The comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences with GST and GPx from other species showed that the residues essential to the enzymatic function of these two proteins are highly conserved. We studied their expression pattern in the digestive gland, the gills and the excretory system of D. polymorpha. The results showed that pi-GST mRNA expression is higher in the digestive gland than in the gills or the excretory system. Se-GPx transcripts are expressed at high, medium and very low levels in the digestive gland, the excretory system and the gills, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Périne Doyen
- Lab. IEBE: Interactions Ecotoxicité, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes - CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Metz, rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
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13
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Doyen P, Vasseur P, Rodius F. Identification, sequencing and expression of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase transcript in the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus exposed to Aroclor 1254. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 144:122-9. [PMID: 16945589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) are essential enzymes of the cellular defense system. The aim of this work was the identification of GPx transcript in a freshwater bivalve, Unio tumidus, and the effects of Aroclor 1254 on GPx and pi-class GST (pi-GST) expression pattern. The GPx full-length coding sequence was obtained by reverse transcription PCR using degenerated primers followed by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The GPx cDNA encodes a protein of 232 amino acids. The 72nd amino acid corresponds to a selenocysteine encoded by a TGA codon. Residues essential to the enzymatic function are conserved in GPx of U. tumidus. Specific amplifications of the Se-GPx mRNA from U. tumidus were performed on the digestive gland, the excretory system and the gills. Se-GPx expression level is highest in the digestive gland. No induction of the Se-GPx was observed at the transcriptional level in the digestive gland and the excretory system of Aroclor-treated mussels, while an increase of the pi-GST mRNA level was observed in the excretory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Périne Doyen
- Lab. E.S.E., Ecotoxicité, Santé Environnementale-CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Metz, rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
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Doyen P, Vasseur P, Rodius F. cDNA cloning and expression pattern of pi-class glutathione S-transferase in the freshwater bivalves Unio tumidus and Corbicula fluminea. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2005; 140:300-8. [PMID: 15946635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in major detoxification reactions of xenobiotics in many organisms. The aim of this work was the identification of GST transcripts in the freshwater bivalves Unio tumidus and Corbicula fluminea. We used degenerated primers designed in the highly conserved regions of GST to amplify the corresponding mRNA. Full-length coding sequences were obtained by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. In the two species, the GST cDNAs identified encoded a protein of 205 amino acids. The comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences with GSTs from other species showed that the enzymes belong to the pi-class and the amino acids defining the binding sites of glutathione (G-site) and for xenobiotic substrates (H-site) are highly conserved. Specific amplifications of the GST mRNA from U. tumidus and C. fluminea were performed on the digestive gland, the excretory system and the gills. For each mussel, the results revealed that the pi-class GSTs are expressed at the same level in the three tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Périne Doyen
- Lab. E.S.E: Ecotoxicité, Santé Environnementale - CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Metz, Rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
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Franck G, Doyen P, Grisar T, Moonen G. [Cerebral ischemic accidents in young patients, less than 45 years of age]. Sem Hop 1983; 59:2642-4. [PMID: 6314550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Franck G, Doyen P, Collignon J, Flandroy P. [Cerebral ischemic attacks in the young adult]. Rev Med Liege 1983; 38:417-30. [PMID: 6867533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Doyen P, Sépul A, Rorive G. [In vivo evaluation of 2 dialyzers: the Gambro Optima 13.5 and the Paraflo Travenol]. Rev Med Liege 1978; 33:434-9. [PMID: 674963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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