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Browning MHEM, Locke DH, Konijnendijk C, Labib SM, Rigolon A, Yeager R, Bardhan M, Berland A, Dadvand P, Helbich M, Li F, Li H, James P, Klompmaker J, Reuben A, Roman LA, Tsai WL, Patwary M, O'Neil-Dunne J, Ossola A, Wang R, Yang B, Yi L, Zhang J, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Measuring the 3-30-300 rule to help cities meet nature access thresholds. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167739. [PMID: 37832672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The 3-30-300 rule offers benchmarks for cities to promote equitable nature access. It dictates that individuals should see three trees from their dwelling, have 30 % tree canopy in their neighborhood, and live within 300 m of a high-quality green space. Implementing this demands thorough measurement, monitoring, and evaluation methods, yet little guidance is currently available to pursue these actions. To overcome this gap, we employed an expert-based consensus approach to review the available ways to measure 3-30-300 as well as each measure's strengths and weaknesses. We described seven relevant data and processes: vegetation indices, street level analyses, tree inventories, questionnaires, window view analyses, land cover maps, and green space maps. Based on the reviewed strengths and weaknesses of each measure, we presented a suitability matrix to link recommended measures with each component of the rule. These recommendations included surveys and window-view analyses for the '3 component', high-resolution land cover maps for the '30 component', and green space maps with network analyses for the '300 component'. These methods, responsive to local situations and resources, not only implement the 3-30-300 rule but foster broader dialogue on local desires and requirements. Consequently, these techniques can guide strategic investments in urban greening for health, equity, biodiversity, and climate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H E M Browning
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA.
| | - D H Locke
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Baltimore Field Station, Suite 350, 5523 Research Park Drive, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - C Konijnendijk
- Nature Based Solutions Institute - Dutch Office, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - S M Labib
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Rigolon
- Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - R Yeager
- Division of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - M Bardhan
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - A Berland
- Department of Geography and Meteorology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - P Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Li
- Virtual Reality and Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - H Li
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - P James
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Klompmaker
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Reuben
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - L A Roman
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station & Northern Research Station, 4995 Canyon Crest Dr., Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - W-L Tsai
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M Patwary
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - J O'Neil-Dunne
- Spatial Analysis Lab, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - A Ossola
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R Wang
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - B Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - L Yi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Anabitarte A, Ibarluzea J, García-Baquero G, Santa Marina L, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, Nieuwenhuijsen M, de Castro M, Dadvand P, Lertxundi A. Effects of residential greenness on attention in a longitudinal study at 8 and 11-13 years. Environ Res 2022; 210:112994. [PMID: 35227672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In an urbanizing world, with 55% of the population living in cities, it is essential to design friendly and healthy ones. An emerging body of evidence has associated greenspace exposure with improved cognitive development, including attentional function; however, the longitudinal studies looking at the association with attentional function are still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the association of the exposure to greenspace and attention in school children. This study was based on 751 participants at 8 years and 598 at 11-13 years of two sub-cohorts of the INMA cohort study in Gipuzkoa and Asturias, Spain. Greenspace exposure at home was characterized using four indicators: (i) average of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and (ii) Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF) in buffers of 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m around the residential address, (ii) availability of a green space within 300 m from the residential address, and (iv) residential distance to green spaces. Participants' attention was characterized twice at ages of 8 and 11 years, using the computerized Attentional Network Test (ANT). General linear models were used for the cross-sectional analyses and linear mixed effects model for the longitudinal analyses. Our cross-sectional analyses showed a statistical significant protective association between average NDVI at 300 m and inattentiveness (-7.20, CI 95%: 13.74; -0.67). In our longitudinal analyses, although we generally observed beneficial associations between greenspace exposure and attention, none attained statistical significance. No statistically significant indirect effect were seen for NO2. Our findings add to the emerging body of evidence on the role of green spaces in neurodevelopment, which can provide the evidence base for implementing intervention aimed at promoting neurodevelopment in urban children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anabitarte
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain; Biodonostia, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain.
| | - J Ibarluzea
- Biodonostia, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain; Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, 20018, Spain; Health Department of Basque Government, Sub-directorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, 20013, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - G García-Baquero
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - L Santa Marina
- Biodonostia, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain; Health Department of Basque Government, Sub-directorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, 20013, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - A Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - M Nieuwenhuijsen
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - M de Castro
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - P Dadvand
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - A Lertxundi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain; Biodonostia, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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3
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Goldberg X, Castaño-Vinyals G, Espinosa A, Carreras A, Liutsko L, Sicuri E, Foraster M, O’Callaghan-Gordo C, Dadvand P, Moncunill G, Dobaño C, Cortés B, Pleguezuelos V, Straif K, Garcia-Aymerich J, de Cid R, Cardis E, Kogevinas M. Mental health and COVID-19 in a general population cohort in Spain (COVICAT study). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2457-2468. [PMID: 35633398 PMCID: PMC9142833 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health conditions may affect outcome of COVID-19 disease, while exposure to stressors during the pandemic may impact mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine these factors in relation to ocurrence of depression and anxiety after the first outbreak in Spain. METHODS We contacted 9515 participants from a population-based cohort study in Catalonia between May and October 2020. We drew blood samples to establish infection to the virus. Pre-pandemic mental health conditions were confirmed through Electronic Health Registries. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess severe depression and anxiety post-pandemic. Exposure to proximal, financial and wider environment stressors during the lockdown were collected. We calculated Relative Risks (RR), adjusting for individual- and contextual covariates. RESULTS Pre-pandemic mental health disorders were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection , but were associated with severity of COVID-19 disease. People with pre-existing mental health disorders showed higher prevalence of severe depression (25.4%) and anxiety (37.8%) than those without prior mental disorders (4.9% and 10.1%). Living alone was a strong predictor of severe depression among mental health patients (RR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2). Among those without prior mental health disorders, post-lockdown depression and anxiety were associated with household interpersonal conflicts (RR = 2.6, 95% CI 2.1-3.1; RR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.9-2.4) and financial instability (RR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.8-2.9; 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.2). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown were associated with increased post-lockdown depression and anxiety. Patients with pre-existing mental health conditions are a vulnerable group for severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Goldberg
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.488873.80000 0004 6346 3600Mental Health Department, Institut d’Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Sabadell, Spain ,grid.512890.7CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Castaño-Vinyals
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411142.30000 0004 1767 8811IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Espinosa
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411142.30000 0004 1767 8811IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Carreras
- grid.429186.00000 0004 1756 6852Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - L. Liutsko
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.412761.70000 0004 0645 736XUrFU, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - E. Sicuri
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Foraster
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.6162.30000 0001 2174 6723PHAGEX Research Group, Universitat Ramon Llull, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. O’Callaghan-Gordo
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.36083.3e0000 0001 2171 6620Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Dadvand
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Moncunill
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Dobaño
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B. Cortés
- grid.429186.00000 0004 1756 6852Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - K. Straif
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.208226.c0000 0004 0444 7053Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
| | - J. Garcia-Aymerich
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - R. de Cid
- grid.429186.00000 0004 1756 6852Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - E. Cardis
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411142.30000 0004 1767 8811IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Kogevinas
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411142.30000 0004 1767 8811IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Soueid L, Triguero-Mas M, Dalmau A, Barrera-Gómez J, Alonso L, Basagaña X, Thieden E, Wulf HC, Diffey B, Young AR, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Dadvand P. Estimating personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure through time spent outdoors, ambient levels and modelling approaches. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:266-273. [PMID: 34403140 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on validation of surrogates applied to evaluate the personal exposure levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in epidemiological studies is scarce. OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the validity of three approaches, including (i) ambient UVR levels, (ii) time spent outdoors, and (iii) a modelling approach integrating the aforementioned parameters, to estimate personal UVR exposure over a period of six months among indoor and outdoor workers and in different seasons (summer/winter). METHODS This validation study was part of the EU ICEPURE project and was performed between July 2010 and January 2011 in a convenience sample of indoor and outdoor workers in Catalunya - Spain. We developed linear regression models to quantify the variation in the objectively measured personal UVR exposure that could be explained, separately, by the ambient UVR, time spent outdoors, and modelled UVR levels. RESULTS Our 39 participants - mostly male and with a median age of 35 years- presented a median daily objectively measured UVR of 0.37 standard erythemal doses (SEDs). The UVR dose was statistically significantly higher in summer and for outdoor workers. The modelled personal UVR exposure and self-reported time spent outdoors could reasonably predict the variation in the objectively measured personal UVR levels (R2 = (0.75, 0.79)), whereas ambient UVR was a poor predictor (R2 =0.21). No notable differences were found between seasons or occupation. CONCLUSIONS Time outdoors and our modelling approach were reliable predictors and of value to be applied in epidemiological studies of the health effects of current exposure to UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soueid
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Triguero-Mas
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, ICTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Dalmau
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Barrera-Gómez
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Alonso
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Thieden
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H C Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Diffey
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - A R Young
- King's College London, St John´s Institute of Dermatology, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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McEachan RRC, Prady SL, Smith G, Fairley L, Cabieses B, Gidlow C, Wright J, Dadvand P, van Gent D, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. The association between green space and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: moderating roles of socioeconomic status and physical activity. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:253-9. [PMID: 26560759 PMCID: PMC4789818 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-205954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study explored the association between green space and depression in a deprived, multiethnic sample of pregnant women, and examined moderating and mediating variables. METHOD 7547 women recruited to the 'Born in Bradford' cohort completed a questionnaire during pregnancy. A binary measure of depressive symptoms was calculated using a validated survey. Two green space measures were used: quintiles of residential greenness calculated using the normalised difference vegetation index for three neighbourhood sizes (100, 300 and 500 m buffer zones around participant addresses); access to major green spaces estimated as straight line distance between participant address and nearest green space (>0.5 hectares). Logistic regression analyses examined relationships between green space and depressive symptoms, controlling for ethnicity, demographics, socioeconomic status (SES) and health behaviours. Multiplicative interactions explored variations by ethnic group, SES or activity levels. Mediation analysis assessed indirect effects via physical activity. RESULTS Pregnant women in the greener quintiles were 18-23% less likely to report depressive symptoms than those in the least green quintile (for within 100 m of green space buffer zone). The green space-depressive symptoms association was significant for women with lower education or who were active. Physical activity partially mediated the association of green space, but explained only a small portion of the direct effect. CONCLUSIONS Higher residential greenness was associated with a reduced likelihood of depressive symptoms. Associations may be stronger for more disadvantaged groups and for those who are already physically active. Improving green space is a promising intervention to reduce risk of depression in disadvantaged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - S L Prady
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - G Smith
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - L Fairley
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - B Cabieses
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK Faculty of Medicine- Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Gidlow
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - J Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - P Dadvand
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D van Gent
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Bodekær M, Harrison G, Philipsen P, Petersen B, Triguero-Mas M, Schmalwieser A, Rogowski-Tylman M, Dadvand P, Lesiak A, Narbutt J, Eriksen P, Heydenreich J, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Thieden E, Young A, Wulf H. Personal UVR exposure of farming families in four European countries. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2015; 153:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Dadvand P, Basagana X, Figueras F, Sunyer J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Climate and group B streptococci colonisation during pregnancy: present implications and future concerns. BJOG 2011; 118:1396-400. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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