Comparison of pharmacological treatment alone versus treatment combined with cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients over 75 years

BACKGROUND

The role of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients aged ≥75 years is not well established.

METHODS

We identified 607 patients aged ≥75 years with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤35 %, of whom 78 met the guidelines for indication of CRT. Based on the decision of the patients or attending cardiologists, 34 patients received a CRT defibrillator (CRT-D).

RESULTS

The age of patients with a CRT indication was 80 ± 4 years, and 73 % were males. As compared with patients on medical therapy, CRT-D patients were younger (79 ± 3 vs. 83 ± 4, P < 0.001), had lower LVEF (23 ± 7 vs. 27 ± 7 %, P = 0.008) and higher rate of decompensated heart failure episodes (77 vs. 55 %, P = 0.04), were more frequently New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV (53 vs. 25 %, P = 0.01), and were more likely to be on beta-blockers (88 vs. 66 %, P = 0.023), anticoagulants (61 vs. 32 % P = 0.02), and anti-aldosterone drugs (82 vs. 50 %, P = 0.003). After a median follow-up of 26 months, seven patients in the CRT-D group (21 %) and 20 non-CRT patients (46 %) died (hazard ratio (HR) 0.16 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.46]). The end point of mortality or hospitalization was not reduced because of a similar rate of hospitalizations for heart failure of CRT-D patients. Four CRT-D patients (12 %) had received appropriate device therapy, and one had been inappropriately discharged. During follow-up, 44 % of CRT-D patients improved their LVEF by >40 %.

CONCLUSION

CRT-D is potentially of benefit in terms of mortality in our population; this effect persists after correction for use of beta-blockers. In patients ≥75 years, CRT indications should be similar to those accepted for younger subjects.

Shaping up operando spectroscopy: Raman characterization of a working honeycomb monolith

An operando reactor cell for honeycombs to study the effect of conformation on structure–activity relationships by surface Raman spectroscopy and gas-phase analysis.

IVUS guidance in percutaneous closure of aortic paraprosthetic leak

Severe aortic regurgitation due to paraprosthetic leak appears in 1-5% of patients with previous aortic valve replacement. Surgical management is the treatment of choice but has high morbidity and mortality and leak recurrence is not uncommon. Different approaches to percutaneous closure have been tried. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a key factor to measure and localize leakages. Performing TEE during the procedure implies general anesthesia and prolongs procedure and fluoroscopy times. We report the case of an aortic paraprosthetic leak percutaneous closure using intravascular ultrasound to guide the procedure.